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Ubulilisiqu

Kubuya ku Wikipedia
Izimpawu zobulilisiqu ziyahlangana. Okubomvu (kwesobunxele) uphawu lwesifazane lweVenus. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (kwesokudla) kufanekisela uphawu lwesilisa iMars.

Ubulilisiqu buwububanzi bezici ezingokwenhlalo, ngokomqondo, ngokwesiko nangokuziphatha eziphathelene nokuba owesilisa (umfana), owesifazane (inkazane) noma ukuba nobulilisiqu besithathu.[1][2] Nakuba ngokuvamile ubulilisiqu buvame ukuyamaniswa nobulili, umuntu oyinguqubilili (transgender) angazihlonza njengonobulilisiqu obuhlukile kunobulili azalwe nabo. Amasiko amaningi ahlukanisa ubulilisiqu mabhangqa, aneminxa yobulilisiqu emibili kuphela;[3][4][5] futhi labo abangaphandle kwaleminxa noma amaqembu, bangabizwa ngokuthi ababhangqiwe (non-binary). Eminye imiphakathi inobulilisiqu besithathu (noulilisiqu besine) njengomphakathi wamahijras ozizne eNingizimu Ashiya kuhlanganisa nabantusiqu abanomoyambili baseNyakatho Melika. Iningi lezifundiswa ziyavuma ukuthi ubulilisiqu buyisici sokuhlelemba kwezenhlalo;[6] lokhu kuhlanganisa amaqhaza wobulilisiqu kanye nokuvezwa kobulilisiqu.[7][8][9]

Ngokuvamile ngolimi lwesiZulu elithi ubulili lisho kokubili sex and gender, kodwa elithi ubulilisiqu (gender) lapha lihlukaniswa kwelithi ubulili (sex) ukuze abantu abangawazi umehluko baqonde kangcono. Lokhu kusekelwe emahlukweni ovele kamuva emikhakheni yakwangqondonkulu yomchazamqondo, umchazanhlalo, umchazabulili nezesimame.[10][11] Entshona, eminyakeni eqala ngowe-1970, umchachiso woesimame wasamukela lesi sicabango sokuhlukanisa phakathi kobulili nobulilisiqu. Umehluko wobulili nobulilisiqu uvame ukugqanyiswa osonzululwazi bezenhlalo basemazweni asentshona,[12][13][14] osonzululwazi bokucondoza nabacazimpilo,[15] izinhlelo zezomthetho eziningi kanye nayizinhlaka zohulumeni,[16] nezinhlangano zohulumeni bomhlaba ezifna neWHO.[17]

Inzululwazi yezenhlalo inegatsha elihlozinga izifundo zobulilisiqu. Ezinye izinzululwazi, ezifana nomchazamqondo, umchazanhlalo, umchazabulili, nenzululwazi yemizwa, zonke zinentshisekelo kulesihlokondaba.

uMsukagama nokusetshenziswa

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Imvelaphi

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]

Igama elithi ubulilisiqu (gender) liyibizongxube elihlanganisa elithi ubulili + isiqu, lifuze lelo elithi umuntusiqu, futhi lisho ukuthi ubulili siqu besiphili ngasinye, esikhundleni sobulili obuvamile azalwa nabo. NgesiZulu, elithi ubulili livame ukuba nemiqondo emibili, yobulili bokzalwa nobulili obamukelwa umphakathi, ngokuvamile umphakathi wamaZulu wamukela ubulili bokuzalwa. Elithi ubulilisiqu livela kulo elithi ubulili, kodwa lenza kube nomehluko ngokuthi kufakwe elithi siqu ukuze liveze ukuthi lobu akubona ubulili bokuzalwa, kodwa ubulili azihlonza ngabo.

Imithombo yolwazi

[hlela | Hlela umthombo]
  1. ↑ Haig, David (April 2004). "The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001". Archives of Sexual Behavior 33 (2): 87–96. doi:10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d. PMID 15146141. https://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf.
  2. ↑ "What do we mean by "sex" and "gender"?". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 30 January 2017. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 26 November 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Sigelman, Carol K.; Rider, Elizabeth A. (2017). Life-Span Human Development (in i-English). Cengage Learning. p. 385. ISBN 978-1-337-51606-8. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Maddux, James E.; Winstead, Barbara A. (2019). Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding (in i-English). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-64787-1. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 4 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Kevin L. Nadal, The Sage Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender (2017, ISBN 1483384276), p. 401: "Most cultures currently construct their societies based on the understanding of gender binary—the two gender categorizations (male and female). Such societies divide their population based on biological sex assigned to individuals at birth to begin the process of gender socialization."
  6. ↑ Heinemann, Isabel (2012). Inventing the Modern American Family: Family Values and Social Change in 20th Century United States (in i-English). Campus Verlag. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-593-39640-8. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 28 July 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Udry, J. Richard (November 1994). "The Nature of Gender". Demography 31 (4): 561–573. doi:10.2307/2061790. JSTOR 2061790. PMID 7890091. https://watermark.silverchair.com/561udry.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAp4wggKaBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKLMIIChwIBADCCAoAGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMRTrxiXHhWSQ4WHfCAgEQgIICUZJrxXQMXINNmJHIpoS2SHaHYM5-opFd5rA9yYFaQmDY56ezEdRcf8ezeKoW9zqQumO19rkxgEgvllbM3q-mRHjY9FgrVLcs3yUw5lV5r8NSMabieBW9EjEj1jlGa06YPOV6E1fYxythwwu5ZW1Nf3GBvg_19e7YvjEEpoM3_Q2SfHMmklxvEMWQGA4GhE8th_Z3ib9T7aoUOQ6EzSoO6jqe049zSu4AdKtpgL2v7WEE9sq1fHx3etaLQ-1C23cwZR9kv7be9W84iKj6lPN8zBxJJhKxwgIS9KoaaOTkx5sugkQvlLinrbdhKt--wyeXz0-27Xt7JJgwe7ik1ZXIHb1RWINx1jBSZiPSV5E3DMiExQxRpjcQjNDhdwp0PThx2auxUEZZEezlBil_yv9moAhS2qB7t8V6cSznBAsXxltyCPGf9YUcybM5sJJOEY0GxnOFCE18P7pQ46HdH_Ssf53Z3fGT57cdieTAzgfzjOqHpwBhwI62GzGPiblUCD3oiw7vPoVAkYX7JKei-VpiNi0CoNJCCesX5B_uB2yVFyGgbGj-FhUQXTipyA4yZJE46aFgJ3_e69vJFEtuJPQcoSPnarkxudKo5qgQOEE5AaekdpEzlQm_2a868ZAzg8epwKByHobQvQZ0Do2ohydI99gwvutquh1mBLcQ2Ctr3C_ndxkiLvtJ4QveNo5MRStq35xvLBUv56KqdukalSOhSuyYPEkwh2hzJM_n1NgnXsWftyDhQyH5Gd_2j9clNzfg6EF6xWfcBV0AyoXgf7QEYOgT.
  8. ↑ Lindqvist, Anna; Sendén, Marie Gustafsson; Renström, Emma A. (2 October 2021). "What is gender, anyway: a review of the options for operationalising gender". Psychology & Sexuality 12 (4): 332–344. doi:10.1080/19419899.2020.1729844.
  9. ↑ Bates, Nancy; Chin, Marshall; Becker, Tara, eds. (2022). Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Bibcode:2022nap..book26424N. doi:10.17226/26424. ISBN 978-0-309-27510-1. PMID 35286054 Check |pmid= value (help). Archived from the original on May 24, 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |s2cid-access= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Hausman, Bernice (1995). Changing Sex: Transsexualism, Technology, and the Idea of Gender. United Kingdom: Duke University Press. p. 95. ISBN 0822316927.
  11. ↑ Germon, J. (2009). "Money and the Production of Gender". Gender. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 23–62. doi:10.1057/9780230101814_2. ISBN 978-1-349-37508-0.
  12. ↑ Kimmel, Michael S. (2017). The gendered society (Sixth ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-026031-6. OCLC 949553050.
  13. ↑ "GENDER". Social Science Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 20 March 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Lindsey, Linda L. (2010). "Ch. 1. The Sociology of gender" (PDF). Gender Roles: A Sociological Perspective. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-13-244830-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Paludi, Michele Antoinette (2008). The Psychology of Women at Work: Challenges and Solutions for Our Female Workforce (in i-English). ABC-CLIO. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-275-99677-2. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 30 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ O'Halloran, Kerry (2020). Sexual orientation, gender identity and international human rights law: common law perspectives. London: Routledge. pp. 22–28, 328–329. ISBN 978-0-429-44265-0. OCLC 1110674742.
  17. ↑ "Gender: definitions". www.euro.who.int (in i-English). Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2021-08-22. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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