Swift - One step forward from Obj-C

Swift - One Step Forward from ObjC
Nissan Tsafrir // @ntsafrir // { Pix & Byte }
www.pixandbyte.com

Swift
Fast . Modern . Safe . Interactive

AGENDA
Rewrite few familiar Cocoa Touch code examples
from Obj-C to Swift by learning to use Closures,
Enums, Switch-Case with Pattern matching and
more.

Replace complex macros with
functions or generics

Replace complex macros with functions
ObjC
!
NSLocalizedString(@"OK",@"a comment")

Swift
!
NSLocalizedString("OK", comment:"comment")

#define NSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValue(key, tbl, bundle, val, comment)
[bundle localizedStringForKey:(key) value:(val) table:(tbl)]
!
// shorthand macros
#define NSLocalizedString(key, comment) …
#define NSLocalizedStringFromTable(key, tbl, comment) …
!!
ObjC
!
NSLocalizedString(@"OK",@"a comment")

Swift
!
// In Foundation Module:
!
func NSLocalizedString(key: String, tableName: String? = default, bundle:
NSBundle = default, value: String = default, #comment: String) -> String
let str = NSLocalizedString("OK", comment:"comment")

Functions
- Default parameter values
- External parameter name used when calling the function
- Local parameter name available only in the function scope
- Shorthand external parameter names - #comment
let strError = NSLocalizedString("OK") // Error
Type '(String, tableName: String?, bundle: NSBundle, value: String, comment: String)'
does not conform to protocol 'StringLiteralConvertible'
let str334 = NSLocalizedString("OK", "") // Error
func NSLocalizedString(key: String, tableName: String? = default, bundle:
NSBundle = default, value: String = default, #comment: String) -> String
# Same external and local param name.
Useful for global functions

!
Methods - Functions associated with type
“Swift gives the first parameter name in a method a local parameter name by
default, and gives the second and subsequent parameter names both local and
external parameter names by default.”
class FooClass {
func updateText(text: String, color: UIColor) -> String {
return "(text) color:(color)"
}
}
!
let fc = FooClass()
fc.updateText("tlv", UIColor.blueColor())
!
!
fc.updateText("tlv", color: UIColor.blueColor()) //OK

What you can do with your exiting complex macros
• Replace the macros with C functions
• Create ObjC wrapper class to implement/use the macros as
functions.
• Use Swift functions with defaults

Closure
"Function closures capture local state variables!
(Objects are state data with attached behavior;!
Closures are behaviors with attached state data!
and without the overhead of classes.)"!
!
Peter Norvig

ObjC - Blocks
__block NSNumber *someVal = @10; // strong and mutable
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
!
[locationManager getCurrentLocationWithCompletion:^(CLLocation *location) {
if (!location) {
return;
}
!
if (weakSelf.completionBlock) { // Safer to use strongSelf in here
weakSelf.completionBlock(location);
}
someVal = @20;
}];
!

ObjC - Blocks
!
typedef void(^ PBUpdateLocationCompletion)(CLLocation * location);
!
@property (copy, nonatomic) PBUpdateLocationCompletion completionBlock;

var successHandler : ((feed: Array) -> ())?
var someValue = 1
!
successHandler = { feed in
self.refreshFeed(feed)
someValue = 2
}
Swift - Closure

request.successHandler = { [unowned self] feed in
self.refreshFeed(feed)
}
Capture List

Closure Factory Method
Image Filter Example
func blurFilter(radius: Int) -> (image: UIImage) -> (UIImage) {
return { image in
return BlurImage(image, radius)
}
}
!
let blur20 = blurFilter(20)
!
let blurredImage = blur20(image)

Replace Delegate with Closures

class AddViewController : UIViewController {
var didCancel : ((AddViewController) -> ())?
var didFinish : ((AddViewController, name: String) -> ())?
}
class AddViewController : UIViewController {
typealias CancelHandler = (AddViewController) -> ()
typealias FinishHandler = (AddViewController, name: String) -> ()
var didCancel : CancelHandler?
var didFinish : FinishHandler?
}
Replace Delegate with Closures

if let addVC = navigationVC.topViewController as? AddViewController {
!
addVC.didCancel = { controller in
self.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
}
addVC.didFinish = { controller, name in
self.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
self.addObjectWithName(name)
}
}
Delegate with Closures

Replace if -isEqual-else with
switch-case and pattern matching

Replace if-isEqual-else with switch-case and pattern matching
if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@"showDetails"]) {
//…
} else if ([segue.identifier isEqualToString:"add"]) {
//…
}
ObjC

override func prepareForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: …) {
if segue.identifier == "showDetail" {
//...
} else if segue.identifier == "add" {
//..
}
}
Swift

override func prepareForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: …) {
switch segue.identifier {
case "showDetail":
//…
case "add":
//…
default: break
}
}
Swift
Switches support any kind of data and a wide variety of comparison
operations.

if let nvc = segue.destinationViewController as? UINavigationController {
…
}
Optional binding that use optional down casting
“Try to access viewController as a navigation controller. If this is
successful, set a new temporary constant called nvc to the value
stored in the returned optional UINavigationController.”

Another switch case pattern matching example
override func prepareForSegue(segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: …
{
switch segue.destinationViewController {
case let nvc as UINavigationController:
…
case let dvc as DetailsViewController:
…
default: break
}
}

Results Enumeration and associated value
With NSErrorPointer (NSError?)
var error : NSError?
let url = NSURL(string: "http://www.apple.com")
let data = NSData(contentsOfURL: url,
options: NSDataReadingOptions.allZeros,
error: &error)
!
if let anError = error {
println("failure: (anErrror.localizedDescription())" )
}

Results Enumeration and associated value
Using Enums with associated value
enum ServerResult {
case Result (NSData)
case Error (NSError)
}
!
let success = ServerResult.Result(data)
!
let failure = ServerResult.Error(NSError(domain: "MyErrorDomain", code: 1,
userInfo: nil))
switch success {
case let .Result(data):
let serverResponse = "Received data (data)"
case let .Error(error):
let serverResponse = "Failure... (error)"
}

Setting Defaults with ?? operator

Setting Defaults with ?? operator
ObjC
!!
NSString *name = text ? text : "default-name";
Swift
var text : String?
…
!
!
let name = text ?? "default-name";

CoreFoundation and other C API
Get free ARC!

Swift compiler gives CoreFoundation,
CoreGraphics and others ARC
/* Shape */
let pathRef = CGPathCreateMutable()
CGPathMoveToPoint(pathRef, nil, 0, 0)
CGPathAddLineToPoint(pathRef, nil, 400, 0)
CGPathCloseSubpath(pathRef)
!!
// Compiler take care memory management in most cases
So no need for these:
CGPathRelease (pathRef) or CFRelease(pathRef)

// In C
!
CoreGraphic Structs
CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480)
!
// In swift - much more readable
!
CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 400, height: 320)

GCD a bit more cleaner
let group = dispatch_group_create()
dispatch_group_enter(group)
dispatch_group_leave(group)
dispatch_group_notify(group,dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
…
}
!
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
// trailing closure body
}
Type inferred, trailing closure

Singleton : Replace dispatch_once with inner
struct

Singleton
You can use dispatch_once but we hope for better way
class Singleton : NSObject {
class var sharedInstance : Singleton {
struct Static {
static var onceToken : dispatch_once_t = 0
static var instance : Singleton? = nil
}
dispatch_once(&Static.onceToken) {
Static.instance = Singleton()
}
return Static.instance!
}
override init() {
println("yay");
}
}
!
Singleton.sharedInstance

Singleton: Replace dispatch_once with inner
struct
Class variable currently not supported (xcode 6 beta 7)
But structs do support static constants
class Singleton : NSObject {
class var sharedInstance : Singleton {
struct Static {
static let instance : Singleton = Singleton()
}
return Static.instance
}
override init() {
println("yay");
}
}
Follow https://github.com/hpique/SwiftSingleton for updates

References
!
- Apple Inc. “The Swift Programming Language.” iBooks. https://itun.es/il/jEUH0.l
- Apple Inc. “Using Swift with Cocoa and Objective-C.” iBooks. https://itun.es/il/1u3-0.l
- WWDC 14 Swift videos (https://developer.apple.com/videos/wwdc/2014/)
- Apple’s Dev Forums
- https://github.com/hpique/SwiftSingleton

Thank You
Nissan Tsafrir
@ntsafrir
nissan@pixandbyte.com

Swift - One step forward from Obj-C

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