String Handling in c++

STRING HANDLING IN C++
By: Muhammad Fahim
Student of BSCS
AJKU University

CONTENTS:
 String
 String inputs
 Array of string
 String function

STRING
A collection of characters written in
double quotation is called string.
it may consist of alphabatic
characters, digits and special
symbols.

STRING DECLARATION
C++ stores a string as an array of
characters. An array is a group of
contegious memory location that can be
stored same type of data.
So, the string declaration is same as
array declaration. e.g
 int a[20]
 char ch[50] etc.

STRING INITIALIZATION
A string variable can be initialized with
a string value as follows:
char str[50]=“oop in c++”;
It can also initialize without defining the
length of string:
Char a[]=“pakistan”;

STRING INPUTS
THE ‘CIN’ OBJECT
CIN.GETLINE()
 The cin object is
used to input a
string value without
any blank space. It
does not support a
string with spaces.
 The cin object is used
to input a string value
including blank space.
 The syntax of this
function is:
 Cin.getline(str,len);

CIN.GET()
The get() function of cin object is
used to input a single character. The
syntax of this function is as follows:
cin.get(ch);

ARRAY OF STRINGS
An array of string is actually a two
dimensional array of characters. Each row
of the array represents one string
Syntax:
char str[3][5];

INITIALIZING ARRAY OF STRING:
An array of string is initialize in different
ways.it can initialize by assigning individual
character to each index. It can also be
initialize by complete string
char str[2][3]={‘a’,’c’,’f’,’e’,’r’,’e’};
char str[2][3]={“ali”,”zan”};

STRING FUNCTIONS (STRING.H)
Memcpy():
The memcpy() is used to copy the number of
specified character from first buffer to second
buffer.
Syntax:
memcpy(buffer2,buffer1,size);

STRCMP():
The strcmp() is used to compare two string
character by character
Syntax:
strcmp(str1,str2);

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char string1[];
char string2[];
int result;
cout << "enter first string: " << endl;
cin >> string1;
cout << "enter second string: " << endl;
cin >> string2;
result = strcmp( string1, string2 );
switch( result )
{
case ( 1 ):
cout << "First string is greater than second string " << endl;
break;
case ( -1 ):
cout << "First string is less than second string " << endl; }

STRCPY()
The word strcpy stand for
string copy.so the function
strcpy() is used to copy
one string to another.
Syntax:
strcpy(str1,str2);

/* strcpy example */
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str1[]="Sample string";
char str2[40];
char str3[40];
strcpy (str2,str1);
strcpy (str3,"copy successful");
Cout<<str1<<str2<<str3<<endl;
}

STRLEN():
The word strlen stands for
string length. The function is
used for find the length of
string. This includes all
character and spaces as well
Syntax:
strlen(str);

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
int main()
{
char data[50];
int size=0;;
cout<<"please input the wordn";
cin>>data[50];
size=strlen(data);
cout<<"the number of letters is "<<size;
return 0;
}

STRCAT():
Strcat() is used to append a
copy of one string to the end
of another;
Syntax:
strcat(str1,str2);

//Example concatenates two strings to output //By
asking the user for input
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
char *s1 = new char[30];
char *s2 = new char[30];
cout<<"Enter string one(without spaces): ";
cin>>s1;
cout<<"Enter string two(without spaces): ";
cin>>s2;
cout<<strcat(s1, s2);
}

String Handling in c++

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