Next-level CSS

Next-level CSS
@rachelandrew #ﬀconf

Box Alignment level 3
Lining things up with

This is the vertical-
centering module.

.box {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
<div class="box">
<img alt="balloon" src="square-
balloon.jpg">
</div>
Flexbox
Centre the content of .box.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/XKaZWm

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/RavbmN

.wrapper {
display: flex;
}
.wrapper li {
min-width: 1%;
flex: 1 0 25%;
}
.wrapper li:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
align-self: flex-start;
}
align-self: flex-end;
}
Flexbox
Aligning items within the ﬂex
container

Box Alignment defines how
these properties work in
other layout methods.

The box alignment properties in CSS are a set of 6 properties
that control alignment of boxes within other boxes.
CSS BOX ALIGNMENT LEVEL 3
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-align/

CSS BOX ALIGNMENT LEVEL 3
▸ justify-content
▸ align-content
▸ justify-self
▸ align-self
▸ justify-items
▸ align-items

CSS Grid Layout
A proper layout system with

.wrapper {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}
.wrapper li {
min-width: 1%;
}
align-self: center;
}
align-self: start;
}
align-self: end;
}
CSS Grid Layout
Aligning grid items with the Box
Alignment properties.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/jqdNoL

“Unlike Flexbox, however, which is single-axis–oriented, Grid
Layout is optimized for 2-dimensional layouts: those in which
alignment of content is desired in both dimensions.”
CSS GRID LAYOUT
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid/

.cards {
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
grid-gap: 10px;
}
CSS Grid Layout
Deﬁning a 3 column grid

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/qqdGOa

.cards {
display:flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.card {
flex: 1 1 250px;
margin: 5px;
}
Flexbox
Flexbox can wrap ﬂex items onto
multiple rows.
A new row becomes a new ﬂex
container for the purposes of
distributing space.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/VjzrgG

.cards {
display:grid;
grid-template-columns:
repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px,1fr));
grid-gap: 10px;
}
CSS Grid Layout
Create as many columns as will ﬁt
into the container with a minimum
width of 200px, and a maximum of
1fr.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/QKwvxJ

.home-hero {
display: grid;
grid-gap: 1px;
grid-auto-rows: minmax(150px,
auto);
}
minmax()
Rows should be a minimum of 150px
and a maximum of auto

<ul class="colors">
<li style="background-
color:#FFFFFF;color:black"
class="white">FFF FFF
</li>
color:#CCCCCC;color:black">CCC CCC
</li>
color:#999999;color:black"
class="span3">999 999
</li>
</ul>
Grid auto-placement
I have a list with all ye olde web safe
colours in it.

.colors {
display: grid;
repeat(auto-fill,minmax(80px, 1fr));
grid-gap: 2px;
grid-auto-rows: minmax(80px, auto);
}
Grid auto-placement
I auto-ﬁll columns and rows with
minmax()

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/LRWPNp/

.white {
grid-column: 1 / -1;
grid-row: 3;
}
.black {
grid-row: 6;
}
.span2 {
grid-column-end: span 2;
grid-row-end: span 2;
}
.span3 {
grid-column-end: span 3;
}
.tall4 {
}
Grid auto-placement
Adding classes to some elements, by
setting the value of grid-column-end
and grid-row-end to span.

.colors {
display: grid;
repeat(auto-fill,minmax(80px, 1fr));
grid-gap: 2px;
grid-auto-rows: minmax(80px, auto);
grid-auto-flow: dense;
}
Grid auto-placement
grid-auto-ﬂow with a value of dense

http://gridbyexample.com/browsers/

display: contents
Vanishing boxes with

The element itself does not generate any boxes, but its children
and pseudo-elements still generate boxes as normal. For the
purposes of box generation and layout, the element must be
treated as if it had been replaced with its children and pseudo-
elements in the document tree.
DISPLAY: CONTENTS
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-display/#box-generation

allow indirect children to
become flex or grid items

<div class="wrapper">
<h1></h1>
<p></p>
<blockquote class="inset"></blockquote>
<p></p>
<ul class="images">
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
</div>
display: contents
All elements are direct children of
‘wrapper’ except for the li elements.

.wrapper {
max-width: 700px;
margin: 40px auto;
display: grid;
grid-column-gap: 30px;
grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;
}
.wrapper h1, .wrapper p {
}
.inset {
grid-column: 1 ;
font: 1.4em/1.3 'Lora', serif;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.inset + p {
grid-column: 2;
}
display: contents
A two column grid. The h1, p and
blockquote with a class of inset are
all direct children.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/gLborW

.images {
display: contents;
}
display: contents
The ul has a class of images. By
applying display: contents the ul is
removed and the li elements become
direct children.

https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5663606012116992

CSS Shapes describe geometric shapes for use in CSS. For Level
1, CSS Shapes can be applied to floats. A circle shape on a float
will cause inline content to wrap around the circle shape
instead of the float’s bounding box.
CSS SHAPES
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shapes/

.balloon {
float: left;
width: 429px;
shape-outside: circle(50%);
}
<div class="box">
<img class="balloon" src="round-
balloon.png" alt="balloon">
<p>...</p>
</div>
CSS Shapes
A simple shape using the  
shape-outside property

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/KrvyQq

.box::before {
content: "";
display: block;
float: left;
width: 429px;
height: 409px;
shape-outside: circle(50%);
}
CSS Shapes
Floating generated content to create
a shape

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/mErqxy

.balloon {
float: right;
width: 640px;
height: 427px;
shape-outside: ellipse(33% 50% at
460px);
-webkit-clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at
460px);
clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px);
}
CSS Shapes
Using clip-path to cut away part of an
image

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/vKJmXR

http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-shapes

Feature Queries
Can I Use this with

The ‘@supports’ rule is a conditional group rule whose
condition tests whether the user agent supports CSS
property:value pairs.
FEATURE QUERIES
https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-conditional/#at-supports

http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-featurequeries

Anything new in CSS you
can use feature queries to
detect support.

@supports (display: grid) {
.has-grid {
/* CSS for grid browsers here */
}
}
Feature Queries
Checking for support of Grid Layout

@supports ((display: grid) and (shape-
outside: circle())) {
.has-grid-shapes {
/* CSS for these excellent browsers
here */
}
}
Feature Queries
Test for more than one thing

Using Feature Queries
▸ Write CSS for browsers without support
▸ Override those properties inside the feature queries
▸ See https://hacks.mozilla.org/2016/08/using-feature-queries-in-css/

.balloon {
border: 1px solid #999;
padding: 2px;
}
@supports ((shape-outside: ellipse()) and
((clip-path: ellipse()) or (-webkit-clip-
path:ellipse()))) {
.balloon {
border: none;
padding: 0;
float: right;
width: 640px;
min-width: 640px;
height: 427px;
shape-outside: ellipse(33% 50% at 460px);
-webkit-clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at
460px);
clip-path: ellipse(28% 50% at 460px);
}
}
Feature Queries
Write CSS for browsers without
support, override that and add new
CSS inside the feature query.

Websites that enhance
themselves as the platform
improves.

Initial Letter
Fancy introductions with

Large, decorative letters have been used to start new sections
of text since before the invention of printing. In fact, their use
predates lowercase letters entirely.
This [initial-letter] property speciﬁes styling for dropped, raised,
and sunken initial letters.
INITIAL LETTER
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline/#initial-letter-styling

h1+p::first-letter {
initial-letter: 4 3;
}
Initial Letter
Make the initial letter four lines tall,
one line above the content and 3 into
the content.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/full/WobvQq/

font-weight: bold;
initial-letter: 7 ;
background-color: rgb(114,110,151);
padding: 2em .5em;
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
color: #fff;
border-radius: 50% ;
float: left;
shape-outside: margin-box;
}
Initial Letter
Adding additional styling to the
initial letter.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/LbEpPX

@supports (initial-letter: 3) or (-
webkit-initial-letter: 3) {
font-weight: bold;
initial-letter: 7 ;
background-color: rgb(114,110,151);
padding: 2em .5em;
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
color: #fff;
border-radius: 50% ;
float: left;
shape-outside: margin-box;
}
}
Initial Letter
Using feature queries to test for
support before adding rules that
style the ﬁrst letter.

Writing modes
Upside down and back to front with

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/LbVQNW

.wrapper {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
grid-gap: 40px;
}
h1 {
writing-mode: vertical-rl;
transform: rotate(180deg);
text-align: right;
grid-column: 1;
align-self: start;
justify-self: start;
}
Writing Modes
Using vertical-rl then ﬂipping the text
with a transform.

http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-writing-mode

Custom properties
Variables in CSS with

This module introduces a family of custom author-deﬁned
properties known collectively as custom properties, which allow
an author to assign arbitrary values to a property with an
author-chosen name, and the var() function, which allow an
author to then use those values in other properties elsewhere in
the document.
CSS CUSTOM PROPERTIES (CSS VARIABLES)
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-variables/

:root {
--primary: blue;
--secondary: orange;
}
h1 {
color: var(--primary);
}
Custom Properties
Deﬁne variables then use them in
CSS

:root {
--primary: blue;
--secondary: orange;
}
@supports (--primary: blue) {
h1 {
color: var(--primary);
}
h2 {
color: var(--secondary);
}
}
Custom Properties
Can be tested for using feature
queries

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/mErpZA

http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-variables

<div class="wrapper">
<div class="box box1">
<p>…</p>
<div>height is defined by the flex
container.</div>
</div>
<div>height is 140px</div>
</div>
<div>height is 14em</div>
</div>
</div>
calc()
Three boxes, each with a div nested
inside.

.box2 {
height: 140px;
}
.box3 {
height: 14em;
transition: height 0.5s ease;
}
.box3:hover {
height: 30em;
}
calc()
Two of the outer boxes have a height,
box1 is the height of the content
inside.
Box3 will grow on hover.

.box > div {
color: #fff;
border-radius: 5px;
position: absolute;
bottom: 20px;
right: 20px;
width: 30%;
height: calc(50% - 20px);
}
calc()
In the CSS for the inner box, we
calculate the height as 50% - 20px.

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/full/VmYYqM/

position: sticky
Staying put with

A stickily positioned box is positioned similarly to a relatively
positioned box, but the oﬀset is computed with reference to
the nearest ancestor with a scrolling box, or the viewport if no
ancestor has a scrolling box.
POSITION: STICKY
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-position/#sticky-pos

<dl class="authors">
<dt>A</dt>
<dd>John Allsopp</dd>
<dd>Rachel Andrew</dd>
<dt>B</dt>
<dd>. . .</dd>
</dl>
position: sticky
A dl with dt elements followed by
multiple dd elements.

.authors dt {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
}
position: sticky
Applying position: sticky to the dt

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/NbPamG

http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-sticky

Scroll snapping
Snap to it with

https://drafts.csswg.org/css-scroll-snap-1/

http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-snappoints

.gallery {
scroll-snap-type: mandatory;
scroll-snap-destination: 0 100% ;
scroll-snap-points-x: repeat(100%);
}
Scroll Snapping
Current Firefox implementation -
spec has since changed!

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/NbPGYg

.gallery {
scroll-snap-type: mandatory;
scroll-snap-destination: 0 100% ;
scroll-snap-points-y: repeat(100%);
}
Scroll Snapping
Current Firefox implementation -
spec has since changed!

http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xRbXqr

Getting our hands on all
the new shiny

Tell browser vendors you
want these features

https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/status/shapes/?q=shapes

Please comment on
emerging specifications

https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues

Thank you
https://cssgrid.me/ﬀconf

Next-level CSS

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