Kotlin for android developers whats new

Why you should try to
write app in
You really should

What changes?
; и new - bye bye!
function is object. - it can be linked and set as argument
val function:()->Unit = {}
fun function1(func:()->Unit){
func.invoke() // or function()
}
val referenceFun = function1(function)
No more void - fun SomeFunction() Unit object if we need to return nothing from
generics
fun SomeFunction():Result<Unit>
No primitives, only Int,Long,Double,Boolean - no value wrapping/unwrapping
operators +,-,/,* - are functions, and they can be overriden for classes
class SomeClass(){
public operator fun plus(other: SomeClass): SomeClass {
return SomeClass()
}
}
val sum = SomeClass()+SomeClass()

What changes?
class SomeClass(val id: String = "") {
val isBlank: Boolean get() = id.isEmpty()
}
if(SomeClass().isBlank){
//do something
}
Default class constructor
Default arguments
class Person(val firstName: String)
class Customer(val customerName: String = "")
Property with defaults and override
class User(
val id: String,
val name: String = "user name",
val email: String = "user@email.com"
)
val person = Person()
val customer = Customer()
val user1 = User("uniqueId")
val user2 = User("uniqueId1",
email = "user2@email.com")

What changes?
Singletone pattern
val x: String? = y as String?
if (obj is SomeObjectType) {
//do something
}
object SomeSingletoneClass()
Type casting and type checking
window.addMouseListener(object : MouseAdapter() {
override fun mouseClicked(e: MouseEvent) {
// ...
}
override fun mouseEntered(e: MouseEvent) {
// ...
}
})

What changes?
when (obj) {
1 -> print("One")
"Hello" -> print("Greeting")
is Long -> print("Long")
!is String -> print("Not a string")
else -> print("Unknown")
}
All expressions are functions and they can return result
fun max(a: Int, b: Int): Int {
return if (a > b)
a
else
b
}
Non nullable properties by default
- WTF? Java fault? What can we do?
- forget this s**t except you really need it
- compile errorval string : String = null
val string : String? = null - OK
item?.property?.property?.property?
item!!.property.property
val string : String = item?.property ?: "Default string"

Data classes
Auto implement equals() hashCode() toString()
copy() - with ability to change property declared in constructor
Ability to auto implement Parcelable by @Parcelable
constructor data class User(val name: String, val age: Int)
Cons: not a very good support from
ORM , realm, room
val person1 = Person("Chike", "Mgbemena")
println(person1) // Person(firstName=Chike, lastName=Mgbemena)
val person2 = person1.copy(lastName = "Onu")
println(person2) //Person3(firstName=Chike, lastName=Onu)

Companion objects
All statics methods are only for internal use
class SomeActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
companion object {
fun start(activity: Context) {
val intent = Intent(activity, SomeActivity::class.java)
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP or
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
activity.startActivity(intent)
}
}
}
Companions a creates as separated object in memory and quickly clears.
Extension functions will replace them as good alternative
Kotlin call-DebugViewActivity.start(this)
Java call-DebugViewActivity.Companion.start(this)

Collections
by List<Any> immutable
use MutableList<Any>
list.flat{predicate*}
list.map{predicate*}
list.forEach{predicate*}
list.filter{predicate*}
list.first{predicate*}
list.lastOrNull{predicate*}
Big amount of collection methods not available for java
collection
.first { it.id == someId }
.innerPropertyList
.firstOrNull { it.id == innerItemId }
?.let {
doSomething(it)
}
All collection initialization by collection builders
listOf(), arrayOf(), mapOf(), mutableListOf(), emptyListOf() etc

Property delegates
Makes properties smarter
val someView: by lazy {findViewById(R.id.someView)}
var name: String by Delegates.observable("<no name>") {
prop, old, new ->
println("$old -> $new")
}
fun <T : View?> AppCompatActivity.bind(@IdRes idRes: Int): Lazy<T> {
@Suppress(«UNCHECKED_CAST")
return unsafeLazy { findViewById<T>(idRes) }
}
class Activity:AppCompatActivity(){
private val toolbar by bind<Toolbar>(R.id.mainToolbar)
********
}

Class delegates
Remove your multiple chain inheritance
interface ISomeLogic {
fun doSomeThing()
}
class SomeClass(object: ISomeLogic) : ISomeLogic by object
SomeClass().doSomeThing()

Extension functions & properties
fun Activity.intentString(name: String): String {
return this.intent.getStringExtra(name)
}
private val itemId by lazy { intentString(ITEM_ID) }
val EditText.isEmailPattern: Boolean
get() {
return Patterns.EMAIL_ADDRESS.matcher(text.toString()).matches()
}
if(emailEditView.isEmailPattern){
}

Extension functions & properties
fun Context.isOnline(): Boolean {
val cm = this.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as
ConnectivityManager
val netInfo = cm.activeNetworkInfo
return netInfo != null && netInfo.isConnectedOrConnecting
}

Coroutines
And we can start new speech here, cause its very big theme

Coroutines
suspend keyword - exist in language level and inform that this function can pause it
execution
Coroutines diﬀers from Runables in java.concurency
Coroutines don’t block thread
Coroutines are critically lightweight
Kotlin, as a language, help to use coroutines
suspend fun doSomething(foo: Foo): Bar {
...
}

Coroutines
suspend keyword - exist in language level and inform that this function can pause it
execution
fun <T> BG(block: suspend () -> T): Deferred<T> { // non blocking operation on
BackgroundThread with returning result
return async<T>(CommonPool) {
block.invoke()
}
}
fun UI(block: suspend () -> Unit): Job { // non blocking operation on UI thread
return async(kotlinx.coroutines.experimental.android.UI) {
block.invoke()
}
}
private fun someAsynkFlow() = UI {
val someHeavyWorkResult = BG { doSomeHeavyWork() }
val someHeavyWork1Result = BG { doSomeHeavyWork1() }
useBothResultsForUpdateUi(someHeavyWorkResult.await(),someHeavyWork1Result.await())
}

Coroutines
Ability to call function with callback inside a «linear» coroutine call
private suspend fun doSomeHeavyWork(): Result =
suspendCancellableCoroutine<Result> {
doSomeWorkWithCallback(object : Callback() {
override fun onSuccess(result: Result) {
it.resume(result)
}
override fun onError(error: Exception) {
it.resumeWithException(error)
}
})
}

Conclusions +
Kotlin is not a panacea, but it really helps to develop your app
Kotlin make your code less to 10-20%
Kotlin brings to your code new abilities and can help you to remove heavy
dependencies like ButterKnife Dagger Guava etc.
80% Google Play apps uses Kotlin in some ways
Kotlin make code more readable
Kotlin brings functional programming elements to your code
Kotlin-extentions make life of android developer less tragic

Conclusions -
Kotlin is not a panacea and without good practices I have a bad news for you
Kotlin performance is less from java by 1-2% in execution and 5-15% in compile
https://medium.com/keepsafe-engineering/kotlin-vs-java-compilation-speed-
e6c174b39b5d
Kotlin-extentions - less performance
Waiting for better Android Studio support of kotlin
https://hackernoon.com/kotlin-is-still-not-top-citizen-of-android-studio-3-0-
af11560516c6
Not all old libraries have good kotlin support. Sometimes developers doesn’t want
to update them

Future
Kotlin native - for ndk replacement, maybe :)
data class support for libraries
Kotlin DSL - for gradle script replacement (currently in early alpha now)
Performance improving

Contacts
Slack: kremendev@slack.com Serhii Chaban
Twitter:@SerhiiChaban
Email: serhii.chaban@gmail.com
Facebook:serhiichaban

Kotlin for android developers whats new

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