JavaScript Fundamentals & JQuery

JavaScript
Jamshid Hashimi
Trainer, Cresco Solution
http://www.jamshidhashimi.com
jamshid@netlinks.af
@jamshidhashimi
ajamshidhashimi
Afghanistan Workforce
Development Program

Agenda
• JS Introduction
• JS How To
• JS Statements
• JS Comments
• JS Variables
• JS Data Types
• JS Objects
• JS Arrays

Agenda
• JS JSON
• JS Functions
• JS Operators
• JS Inspect Elements (Chrome, Firefox, IE)
• JQuery
• DEMO

Introduction
• JavaScript is the world's most popular
programming language. It is the language for
HTML and the web, for
servers, PCs, laptops, tablets, smart phones, and
more.
• A scripting language is a lightweight programming
language.
• JavaScript is programming code that can be
inserted into HTML pages.
• JavaScript inserted into HTML pages, can be
executed by all modern web browsers.
• JavaScript is easy to learn.

How TO
• JavaScripts in HTML must be inserted between
<script> and </script> tags.
• JavaScript can be put in the <body> and in the
<head> section of an HTML page.
<script>
alert("My First JavaScript");
</script>
<script>
document.write("<h1>This is a heading</h1>");
document.write("<p>This is a paragraph</p>");
</script>

OUTPUT
• JavaScript is typically used to manipulate
HTML elements.
<p id="demo">My First Paragraph</p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="
My First JavaScript";
</script>

Statements
• JavaScript is a sequence of statements to be
executed by the browser.
• JavaScript statements are "commands" to the
browser.
• The purpose of the statements is to tell the
browser what to do.
• JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence
of JavaScript statements.
• Each statement is executed by the browser in the
sequence they are written.

Statements
• Semicolon ;
– Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.
– Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each
executable statement.
– Using semicolons also makes it possible to write
many statements on one line.
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="
Hello Dolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML=
"How are you?";

Statements
• JavaScript is Case Sensitive
– Watch your capitalization closely when you write
JavaScript statements:
• A function getElementById is not the same as
getElementbyID.
• A variable named myVariable is not the same as
MyVariable.

Statements
• Block Statement
• Example
{
statement_1;
statement_2;
.
.
.
statement_n;
}
while (x < 10){
x++;
}

Statements
• Conditional Statements
– if...else Statement
– switch Statement
if (condition)
statement_1
[else
statement_2]
switch (expression) {
case label_1:
statements_1
[break;]
case label_2:
statements_2
[break;]
...
default:
statements_def
[break;]
}

Statements
• LOOPS
– for Statement
– do...while Statement
– while Statement
– break Statement
– continue Statement

Statements
• Object Manipulation Statements
– for...in Statement
var obj = {make:"BMW", model:"2013"}
function dump_props(obj, obj_name) {
var result = "";
for (var i in obj) {
result += obj_name + "." + i + " = "
+ obj[i] + "<br>";
}
return result;
}
document.write(dump_props(obj,"obj"));

Comments
• Comments will not be executed by JavaScript.
• Comments can be added to explain the
JavaScript, or to make the code more
readable.
• Single line comments start with //.
• Multi line comments start with /* and end
with */.

Comments
// Write to a heading
document.getElementById("myH1").innerHTML="Welcome to my
Homepage";
/*
The code below will write
to a heading and to a paragraph,
and will represent the start of
my homepage:
*/
document.getElementById("myH1").innerHTML="Welcome to my
Homepage";
var x=5; // declare x and assign 5 to it

Variables
• JavaScript variables are "containers" for storing
information.
• As with algebra, JavaScript variables can be used
to hold values (x=5) or expressions (z=x+y).
• Variable can have short names (like x and y) or
more descriptive names (age, sum, totalvolume).
– Variable names must begin with a letter
– Variable names can also begin with $ and _ (but we
will not use it)
– Variable names are case sensitive (y and Y are
different variables)
var money;
var name;

Variables
• JavaScript Data Types
• Global & Local Variables
var name = "Ali";
var money;
money = 2000.50;
var myVar = "global"; // Declare a global variable
function checkscope( ) {
var myVar = "local"; // Declare a local variable
document.write(myVar);
}

Variables
• One Statement, Many Variables
• Value = undefined
– In computer programs, variables are often declared
without a value. The value can be something that has to be
calculated, or something that will be provided later, like
user input. Variable declared without a value will have the
value undefined.
var lastname=”Ahmad", age=30,
job="carpenter";
var lastname=”Mohammad",
age=30,
job=”Engineer";
var lastname;

Data Types
• String, Number, Boolean, Array, Object, Null,
Undefined.
• JavaScript has dynamic types. This means that
the same variable can be used as different
types:
var x; // Now x is undefined
var x = 5; // Now x is a Number
var x = ”Salih"; // Now x is a String

Data Types
• JavaScript Booleans
– Booleans can only have two values: true or false.
• JavaScript Arrays
var x=true;
var y=false;
var arr = new Array();
arr[0] = ”item 1";
arr[1] = ”item 2";
var arr = new Array(”item1",”item2”);
var arr = [“item1", “item2"];

Data Types
• JavaScript Objects
– An object is delimited by curly braces. Inside the
braces the object's properties are defined as name
and value pairs (name : value). The properties are
separated by commas:
var person={firstname:”James",
lastname:”Bond", id:9999};
var person={
firstname : ”James",
lastname : ”Bond",
id : 9999
};

Objects
• JavaScript is designed on a simple object-
based paradigm. "Everything" in JavaScript is
an Object: a String, a Number, an Array, a
Date....
• In JavaScript, an object is data, with properties
and methods.
– Properties are values associated with objects.
– Methods are actions that objects can perform.

Objects
• Accessing Object Properties
• Accessing Object Methods
objectName.propertyName
objectName.methodName()

Objects
• Objects in JavaScript, just as many other
programming languages, can be compared to
objects in real life.
var myCar = new Object();
myCar.make = "Ford";
myCar.model = "Mustang";
myCar.year = 1969;
myCar.make
myCar[“make”]

Objects
var myCar = {make:"BMW",model:"s2013",year:"2013"}
function showProps(obj, objName) {
var result = "";
for (var i in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
result += objName + "." + i + " = " + obj[i] +
"n";
}
}
return result;
}
alert(showProps(myCar,"myCar"))

Arrays
• The JavaScript Array global object is a constructor
for arrays, which are high-level, list-like objects.
• Arrays are list-like objects that come with a
several built-in methods to perform traversal and
mutation operations. Neither the size of a
JavaScript array nor the types of its elements are
fixed. Since an array's size can grow or shrink at
any time, JavaScript arrays are not guaranteed to
be dense.

Arrays
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var years = [1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010];
console.log(years[0]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

JSON
• JSON is a subset of the object literal notation
of JavaScript. Since JSON is a subset of
JavaScript, it can be used in the language
var myJSONObject = {"bindings": [
{"ircEvent": "PRIVMSG", "method":
"newURI", "regex": "^http://.*"},
"deleteURI", "regex": "^delete.*"},
"randomURI", "regex": "^random.*"}
]
};
myJSONObject.bindings[0].method // "newURI"

Functions
• Function is a "subprogram" that can be called
by code external (or internal in the case of
recursion). Like the program itself, a function
is composed of a sequence of statements
called the function body. Values can be passed
to a function, and the function can return a
value.
• Every function in JavaScript is actually a
Function object.

Functions
/* Declare the function 'myFunc' */
function myFunc(theObject)
{
theObject.brand = "Toyota";
}
/*
* Declare variable 'mycar';
* create and initialize a new Object;
* assign reference to it to 'mycar'
*/
var mycar = {
brand: "Honda",
model: "Accord",
year: 1998
};
/* Shows 'Honda' */
window.alert(mycar.brand);
/* Pass object reference to the function */
myFunc(mycar);
/*
* Shows 'Toyota' as the value of the 'brand' property
* of the object, as changed to by the function.
*/
window.alert(mycar.brand);

Operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Arithmetic operators
• Bitwise operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Special operators

JQuery
• Released in January of 2006, jQuery is a cross-
browser JavaScript library designed to simplify
the client-side script of HTML.
• Used by close to a million websites, jQuery is the
most popular JavaScript library in use to date.
• jQuery makes it easy to handle DOM objects,
events, effects and Ajax, automatically takes care
of JavaScript leaks, and has countless third-party
plugins.

JQuery
<head>
<script src="jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<head>
<script
src=”http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/j
query/1.9.1/jquery.min.js">
</script>
</head>

JavaScript Fundamentals & JQuery

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