Introduction to Data Communication and Networks.docx

Introduction to Data Communication and Networks.docx

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  Introduction to DataCommunication and Networks What is Data Communication? Data Communication is the exchange of data between devices (like computers, phones, servers) using a transmission medium (such as cables, fiber optics, or wireless signals). For communication to happen, the data must be: 1. Delivered – to the correct destination. 2. Accurate – without errors. 3. Timely – within acceptable time limits. Key Components of Data Communication 1. Message – The data to be communicated (text, audio, video, etc.). 2. Sender – Device that sends data (e.g., computer, phone). 3. Receiver – Device that receives data. 4. Medium – The path through which data travels (cables, airwaves). 5. Protocol – Rules that govern communication (like TCP/IP). What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that share resources and communicate with each other. Types of Networks  LAN (Local Area Network) – Covers a small area (home, office).  MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – Covers a city or campus.  WAN (Wide Area Network) – Covers large areas (the Internet is the biggest WAN). Benefits of Networking  Resource Sharing (printers, files, applications).  Communication (email, messaging).  Centralized Data Management.
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   Scalability (canexpand easily). Basic Network Topologies 1. Bus – Single backbone cable, all devices connected. 2. Star – All devices connected to a central hub/switch. 3. Ring – Devices connected in a loop. 4. Mesh – Devices interconnected (reliable but expensive). Protocols in Networks Protocols are rules for communication:  TCP/IP – Standard for the Internet.  HTTP/HTTPS – For web browsing.  FTP – For file transfer.