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GUI Programming with TKinter and Tkinter Widgets.pdf
- 1. Sanjivani Rural EducationSociety's Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon 423603. -Department of Strucutral Engineering- Course Title: (Python-SY & TY B.TECH Structure) Unit VI- GUI Programming with TKinter By Mr. Sumit S. Kolapkar (Assistant Professor) Mail Id- kolapkarsumitst@sanjivani.org.in
- 2. ➢ What isTKinter?- • Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. • Python when combined with Tkinter provides a fast and easy way to create GUI applications. • Tkinter provides a powerful object-oriented interface to the Tk GUI toolkit. ➢ GUI used in Python- 1. TKinter 2. wxPython 3. PyQt ➢ Import Tkinter- import tkinter OR from tkinter import *
- 3. ➢ What isGUI?- • GUI is the acronym for Graphical User Interface • The interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices, such as computers, laptops, smartphones and tablets, through graphical elements. • It’s a valuable part of software application programming in regards to human-computer interaction, replacing text-based commands with user-friendly actions. • Its goal is to present the user with decision points that are easy to find, understand and use. • In other words, GUI lets you control your device with a mouse, pen or even your finger.
- 4. ➢ Python TkinterWidgets- • There are various controls, such as buttons, labels, scrollbars, radio buttons, and text boxes used in a GUI application. • These little components or controls of Graphical User Interface (GUI) are known as widgets in Tkinter. Sr No. Operator and Description 1. Button The Button widget is used to display buttons in your application. 2. Canvas The Canvas widget is used to draw shapes, such as lines, ovals, polygons and rectangles, in your application. 3. Checkbutton The Checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options as checkboxes. The user can select multiple options at a time. 4. Entry The Entry widget is used to display a single-line text field for accepting values from a user.
- 5. ➢ Python TkinterWidgets- Sr No. Operator and Description 5. Frame The Frame widget is used as a container widget to organize other widgets. 6. Label The Label widget is used to provide a single-line caption for other widgets. It can also contain images. 7. Listbox The Listbox widget is used to provide a list of options to a user. 8. Menubutton The Menubutton widget is used to display menus in your application. 9. Menu The Menu widget is used to provide various commands to a user. These commands are contained inside Menubutton. 10. Message The Message widget is used to display multiline text fields for accepting values from a user. 11. Radiobutton The Radiobutton widget is used to display a number of options as radio buttons. The user can select only one option at a time.
- 6. ➢ Python TkinterWidgets- Sr No. Operator and Description 12. Scale The Scale widget is used to provide a slider widget. 13. Scrollbar The Scrollbar widget is used to add scrolling capability to various widgets, such as list boxes. 14. Text The Text widget is used to display text in multiple lines. 15. Toplevel The Toplevel widget is used to provide a separate window container. 16. Spinbox The Spinbox widget is a variant of the standard Tkinter Entry widget, which can be used to select from a fixed number of values. 17. PanedWindow A PanedWindow is a container widget that may contain any number of panes, arranged horizontally or vertically. 18. LabelFrame A labelframe is a simple container widget. Its primary purpose is to act as a spacer or container for complex window layouts. 19. tkMessageBox
- 7. ➢ Import Tkinter-Geometry, max and min size import tkinter OR from tkinter import * root=Tk() ❑ It creates the basic GUI root.geometry(“500x600”).....in the form of width x height root.minsize(100,200)...in form of (width,height) root.maxsize(500,650) var1=Label(text= “High how R U”)....will not show in GUI var1.pack() root.mainloop() ❑ It creates event loop and makes GUI window interactive
- 8. ➢ Attributes ofLabel- import tkinter OR from tkinter import * root=Tk() var1 = PhotoImage(file=”name of file.file format (png, jpg’) var2 = Label(image=var1) var2.pack() root.title(“SSK”) var1=Label(text= “ABCDEFGH........”,bg= “red”, fg= “white”, padx= “23”, pady= “25”, font= (“Times New Roman”, 12, “bold” OR font= “Times New Roman 12 bold”, borderwidth=3, relief= SUNKEN ) var1.pack() root.mainloop()
- 9. ➢ Attributes ofLabel and Pack- Sr No. Operator and Description 1. anchor This options controls where the text is positioned if the widget has more space than the text needs. The default is anchor=CENTER, which centers the text in the available space. 2. bg The normal background color displayed behind the label and indicator. 3. bitmap Set this option equal to a bitmap or image object and the label will display that graphic. 4. bd The size of the border around the indicator. Default is 2 pixels. 5. cursor If you set this option to a cursor name (arrow, dot etc.), the mouse cursor will change to that pattern when it is over the checkbutton. 6. font If you are displaying text in this label (with the text or textvariable option, the font option specifies in what font that text will be displayed. 7. height
- 10. ➢ Attributes ofLabel and Pack- Sr No. Operator and Description 8. fg If you are displaying text or a bitmap in this label, this option specifies the color of the text. If you are displaying a bitmap, this is the color that will appear at the position of the 1-bits in the bitmap. 9. image To display a static image in the label widget, set this option to an image object. 10. justify Specifies how multiple lines of text will be aligned with respect to each other: LEFT for flush left, CENTER for centered (the default), or RIGHT for right- justified. 11. padx Extra space added to the left and right of the text within the widget. Default is 1. 12. pady Extra space added above and below the text within the widget. Default is 1. 13. relief Specifies the appearance of a decorative border around the label. The default is FLAT; SUNKET, RAISED, GROOVE, RIDGE
- 11. ➢ Attributes ofLabel and Pack- Sr No. Operator and Description 14. text To display one or more lines of text in a label widget, set this option to a string containing the text. Internal newlines ("n") will force a line break. 15. textvariable To save the text displayed in a label widget to a control variable of class StringVar, set this option to that variable. 16. underline You can display an underline (_) below the nth letter of the text, counting from 0, by setting this option to n. The default is underline=-1, which means no underlining. 17. width Width of the label in characters (not pixels!). If this option is not set, the label will be sized to fit its contents. 18. wraplength You can limit the number of characters in each line by setting this option to the desired number. The default value, 0, means that lines will be broken only at newlines.
- 12. ➢ Attributes ofPack- from tkinter import * root=Tk() var1.pack(side= BOTTOM, anchor= “ne or nw or sw”, fill=X OR Y, var1=Frame(root, bg= ‘grey’, borderwidth=6) root.mainloop() ➢ Frame- from tkinter import * root=Tk() var2=Frame(root, bg="red", borderwidth=25) var2.pack(side=RIGHT) var3=Label(var2,text="Hello How Are You") var3.pack() root.mainloop()
- 13. ➢ Add Buttonto GUI using Tkinter- from tkinter import * root=Tk() var1=Frame(root, bg="red", borderwidth=25) var1.pack(side=RIGHT) var2=Button(var1,text="Hello How Are You") var2.pack() root.mainloop()
- 14. ➢ List boxbar to GUI using Tkinter- from tkinter import * root=Tk() var1=Listbox(root) var1.pack() var1.insert(END, "First Item of a List Box") root.mainloop()
- 15. ➢ Scroll TextWidgets to GUI using Tkinter- from tkinter import * root = Tk() var1 = Scrollbar(root) var1.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y) var2 = Text(root, yscrollcommand=var1.set) var2.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y) var1.configure(command=Text.yview) root.mainloop() Note- For connecting scrollbar to a widget do following two things- 1. widget(yscrollcommand = scrollbar.set) 2. scrollbar.config(command=widget.yview)
- 16. ➢ Radio buttonsto GUI using Tkinter- from tkinter import * root = Tk() var = IntVar() var1 = Radiobutton(root, text="Dosa", variable=var).pack() var2 = Radiobutton(root, text="Idli", variable=var).pack() var3 = Radiobutton(root, text="Paratha", variable=var).pack() root.mainloop()
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