NodeJS is an open-source and cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that allows JavaScript to be used for server-side scripting. The document discusses what NodeJS is, why it was created, how to use it, who uses it, and its use in China (CNodeJS). Key points are that NodeJS is used for building scalable network applications using non-blocking I/O and the JavaScript language, and that it has seen significant adoption in China from companies like Taobao and Sina for building web servers and real-time applications.