1. The document shows examples of using Node.js to log messages to the console, create an HTTP server that returns "Hello World", export and require functions between files, and create and use object prototypes that inherit from EventEmitters.
2. It also includes examples of a basic Node.js package.json file, connecting to servers and emitting events, and writing partial responses that cannot be modified further in an HTTP response.
3. The examples demonstrate fundamental Node.js concepts like modules and exports, HTTP servers, event emitters, and asynchronous programming.