|  A Quarter Century after the Human Genome Project's Launch: Lessons Beyond the Base Pairs           | 
                                                                                        Educators, Scientists, Videos, Events, Office of the Director, Meetings, Presentations, Seminars, April, December, February, January, March, May, About Genomics, News & Events, Education & Training, Lectures, Workshops & Meetings, 2016           | 
              
          
                                                                                        |  copy DNA (cDNA)           | 
                                                                                        Educators, Public           | 
              
          
                                                                                        |  Developing a 2020 Vision for Genomics: NHGRI Launches New Round of Strategic Planning           | 
                                                                                        Grant Seekers, Medical Professionals, Policy Makers, Scientists, News Release, About NHGRI           | 
              
          
                                                                                        |  Honey Bee Genome Sequencing           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        |  Human Genome Reference Program Webinar           | 
                                                                                        Grant Seekers, Scientists, Videos, Events, Programs & Projects, Division of Genome Sciences, Webinars, March, About Genomics, Workshops & Meetings, 2019           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1000 Genomes Project           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1000 Genomes Project data available on Amazon Cloud           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1000 Genomes Project publishes analysis of completed pilot phase           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 15 Ways Genomics Influences Our World           | 
                                                                                        Educators, Public, Fact Sheets, About Genomics           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 15 Ways the Human Genome Project is Shaping Our World           | 
                                                                                        Educators, Public, News Release, About Genomics, News & Events           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1800's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1859: Darwin Published On the Origin of Species, Proposing Continual Evolution of Species           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1865: Mendel's Peas           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1869: DNA First Isolated           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1879: Mitosis observed           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1900's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1900: Rediscovery of Mendel's Work           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1902: Chromosome Theory of Heredity           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1902: Orderly Inheritance of Disease Observed           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1909: The Word Gene Coined           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1911: Fruit Flies Illuminate the Chromosome Theory           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1940's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1941: One Gene, One Enzyme           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1943: X-ray Diffraction of DNA           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1944: DNA is \"Transforming Principle\"           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1944: Jumping Genes           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1950's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1952: Genes are Made of DNA           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1953: DNA Double Helix           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1955: 46 Human Chromosomes           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1955: DNA Copying Enzyme           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1956: Cause of Disease Traced to Alteration           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1958: Semiconservative Replication of DNA           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1959: Chromosome Abnormalities Identified           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1960's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1961: First Screen for Metabolic Defect in Newborns           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1961: mRNA Ferries Information           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1966: Genetic Code Cracked           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1968: First Restriction Enzymes Described           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1970's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1972: First Recombinant DNA           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1973: First Animal Gene Cloned           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1975-77: DNA Sequencing           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1976: First Genetic Engineering Company           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1977: Introns Discovered           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1980's           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1981-82: First Transgenic Mice and Fruit Flies           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1982: GenBank Database Formed           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1983: First Disease Gene Mapped           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1983: PCR Invented           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1986: First Time Gene Positionally Cloned           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1987: First Human Genetic Map           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1987: YACs Developed           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1989: Microsatellites, New Genetic Markers           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1989: Sequence-tagged Sites, Another Marker           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1990-1994           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1990: ELSI Founded           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1990: Launch of the Human Genome Project           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1990: Research on BACs           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1991: ESTs, Fragments of Genes           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1992: Data Release Guidelines Established           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1992: Second-generation Genetic Map of Human Genome           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1993: New HGP Five-year Plan           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1994: Detailed Human Genetic Map           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1994: FLAVR SAVR Tomato           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1994: Microbial Genome Project           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1995-1996           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1995: Ban on Genetic Discrimination in Workplace           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1995: Physical Map of Human Genome Completed           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1995: Two Microbial Genomes Sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: 280,000 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: Archaea Genome Sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: Health Insurance Discrimination Banned           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: Human DNA Sequence Begins           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: Human Gene Map Created           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: Mouse Genetic Map Completed           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1996: Yeast Genome Sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1997-1999           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1997: Bermuda Meeting Affirms Principle of Data Release           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1997: E. coli Genome Sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1997: Recommendations on Genetic Testing           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: Committee on Genetic Testing           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: Company Announces Sequencing Plan           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: Genome of Roundworm C. elegans Sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: HGP Map Included 30,000 Human Genes           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: M. Tuberculosis Bacterium Sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: New HGP Goals for 2003           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1998: SNP Initiative Begins           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1999: Chromosome 22           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 1999: Full-scale Human Genome Sequencing           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 20 years later, genomicists remember the draft human genome sequence           | 
                                                                                        All Audiences, Educators, Grant Seekers, Medical Professionals, Public, Scientists, Office of the Director, July, Newsletter, About NHGRI, 2020           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 20-year anniversary of publications reporting the draft human genome sequence           | 
                                                                                        All Audiences, Educators, Medical Professionals, Policy Makers, Public, Scientists, News, Office of the Director, February, Newsletter, About NHGRI, News & Events, 2021           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000-2001           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000: Chromosome 21           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000: Drosophila and Arabidopsis genomes sequenced           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000: Executive Order Bans Genetic Discrimination in the Federal Workplace           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000: Fly Model of Parkinson's Disease Reported           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000: Free Access to Genomic Information           | 
                                                                                        Archived           | 
              
          
                                                                                        | 2000: Working Draft           | 
                                                                                        Archived           |