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Medical advice for travel: M

Last updated at 12:07 10 January 2002

Where diseases have been asterisked (*) immunisation against them is recommended in certain circumstances, and you should seek further advice from your GP or a travel clinic.

MACAU

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *Japanese B encephalitis, *polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies.

MACEDONIA

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, tetanus, *tick-borne encephalitis, typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies.

MADAGASCAR

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from or in transit through infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year throughout the country especially in coastal areas. Rabies.

MALAWI

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year throughout the country. Rabies.

MALAYSIA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *Japanese B encephalitis, *malaria, *polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria risk exists only in limited concentrations in the deep interior. Urban and coastal areas are free from malaria except Sabah where there is risk all year. Rabies.

MALDIVES

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies.

MALI

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required by all. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year throughout the country. Rabies.

MALTA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 9 months are exempt, although they may be subject to isolation or surveillance if coming from an infected area.

Recommended immunisations: none, however check that you have up to date tetanus and polio immunisations. Long-term visitors should consider hepatitis A immunisation.

MARSHALL ISLANDS

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

MARTINIQUE

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *TB, tetanus, *typhoid.

MAURITANIA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required by all. Those arriving from non-infected areas for visits of less than 14 days and infants under 1 year are exempt. Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year throughout the country except in northern areas of Dakhlet-Nouadhibou and Tiris-Zemour. In Adrar and Inchiri there is malaria risk during the rainy season (Jul-Oct). Rabies.

MAURITIUS

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria risk all year in some rural areas, except Rodrigues Island. Rabies.

MAYOTTE

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year. Rabies.

MEXICO

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year in some rural areas not often visited by tourists. High risk in the states of: Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa and Tabasco. Moderate risks in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora and Veracruz. Rabies.

MICRONESIA

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

MOLDOVA

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, *tick-borne encephalitis, *typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies.

MONACO

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: none, however travellers should have up to date tetanus and polio immunisations.

MONGOLIA

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies.

MONTSERRAT

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *TB, tetanus, *typhoid.

MOROCCO

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: a very limited malaria risk exists from May-October in certain rural areas of Khourigba Province. Rabies.

MOZAMBIQUE

Compulsory vaccinations: Yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists all year throughout the country. Rabies.

MYANMAR

Compulsory vaccinations: Yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Nationals and residents of Myanmar are required to possess certificates of vaccination on their departure to an infected area.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *Japanese B encephalitis, malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: Malaria exists commonly below 1,000 metres (1) all year in Kayin State; (2) from March-December in Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Mon, Rakhine & Shan States, Pegu Div, and Hlegu, Hmawbi and Taikkyi townships of Yangon Div (3) from April-December in rural areas of Tenasserim Div (4) from May-December in Ayeyawady Div and rural areas of Mandalay Div (5)from June-November in rural areas of Magwe Div and Sagaing Div. Rabies.

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