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Medical advice for travel: S

Last updated at 13:05 10 January 2002

Where diseases have been asterisked (*) immunisation against them is recommended in certain circumstances, and you should seek further advice from your GP or a travel clinic.

SAMOA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

SAN MARINO

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: none, however check you have up-to-date tetanus & polio immunisations. Long-term visitors should consider hepatitis A immunisation.

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required by all. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists all year. Rabies.

SAUDI ARABIA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, *typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists all year in most of the Southern Region (except in the high altitude areas of Asir Province) and in certain rural areas of the Western Region. There is no risk in Mecca or Medina. Rabies.

SENEGAL

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from endemic areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid, yellow fever.

Health risks: malaria exists all year throughout the country. There is less risk from Jan-Jun in central western regions. Rabies.

SEYCHELLES

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from or travelling through infected areas or for those who have passed through partly or wholly endemic area within the preceding 6 days. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: "*diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: rabies.

SIERRA LEONE

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid, yellow fever.

Health risks: malaria exists all year throughout the country. Rabies.

SINGAPORE

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Certificates of vaccination are required if, within the preceding 6 days, you have been in or have passed through any country partly or wholly endemic for yellow fever. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, *hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *polio, *TB, tetanus, *typhoid.

SLOVAKIA

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, *hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, tetanus, *tick-borne encephalitis, *typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies. SLOVENIA

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, polio, *TB, tetanus, *tick-borne encephalitis, *typhoid.

Health risks: Rabies.

SOLOMON ISLANDS

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists all year, excluding some eastern and southern outlying islets.

SOMALIA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid, yellow fever.

Health risks: malaria exists all year throughout the country. Rabies.

SOUTH AFRICA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving within 6 days from infected areas or if journey entails passing through the yellow fever belt of Africa or South America by any means other than a scheduled air service. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists throughout the year in the low altitude areas of the Mpumalanga Province (including the Kruger National Park), Northern Province and north eastern KwaZulu-Natal as far south as the Tugela river. Risk is highest from Oct-May. Rabies.

SPAIN

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: none, however check you have up-to-date tetanus and polio immunisations. Long-term visitors should consider hepatitis A immunisation.

SRI LANKA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *Japanese B encephalitis, *malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists all year throughout the country except in the districts of Colombo, Kalutara and Nuwara Eliya. Rabies.

ST KITTS AND NEVIS

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *TB, tetanus, *typhoid.

ST LUCIA

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas. Infants under 1 year are exempt.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, *TB, tetanus, *typhoid.

SUDAN

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required by all. Infants under 1 year are exempt. A certificate may be required when you leave Sudan.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, *meningitis, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists all year throughout the country. Risk is low and seasonal in the north. It is higher along the Nile south of Lake Nasser and in central & southern parts of the country. Risk on the Red Sea coast is very limited. Rabies.

SURINAME

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid, yellow fever.

Health risks: malaria risk is high all year in southern districts. In Paramaribo City and coastal areas risk is little or none. Rabies.

SWAZILAND

Compulsory vaccinations: yellow fever certificate required if arriving from infected areas.

Recommended immunisations: *diphtheria, hepatitis A, *hepatitis B, malaria, polio, *TB, tetanus, typhoid.

Health risks: malaria exists all year in all low veld areas (mainly Big Bend, Mhlume, Simunye and Tshaneni). Rabies.

SWEDEN

Compulsory vaccinations: none.

Recommended immunisations: none, however check you have up-to-date tetanus and polio immunisations.

SWITZERLAND