Py GC/MS

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Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py GC/MS) is an analytical technique that combines pyrolysis, the thermal decomposition of materials, with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to separate and identify complex organic compounds in a sample, providing detailed compositional information about materials such as polymers, biomass, and environmental samples.

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GC–MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. bark

by British Biomedical Bulletin

2014, British Biomedical Bulletin

Phyllanthus emblica posses a vast ethnomedicinal history and represents a large group of phytochemical reservoir of medicinal uses. It is one of the ingredients used from time immemorial in various ancient literatures like in... more

Table 2. Activity of phyto-compounds identified in the ethyl acetate extracts of the bark c Phyllanthus emblica L.

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GC-MS Analysis, In VitroAntioxidant and Cytotoxic Studies of Wheatgrass Extract

by Am Jour of Phytomed & Clinical Therapeut

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and oxidative stress is one of the factors responsible for causing cancer. Antioxidants play a very important role in prevention of cancer. Therefore, efforts... more

Table 1. Phytochemical estimation “+” indicate the presence of compound in the extract and “——” indicate the absence of compou in the extract.

Antiproliferative effects of different concentrations of methanol extract of wheatgrass on Hep2 cells after 24h treatment. (IC50- 600 ug/ml) Values are means + SD of triplicate observations from one representative of at least three experiments with similar results

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GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Components of Tubers of Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae)

by Am Jour of Phytomed & Clinical Therapeut

2014, American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics (AJPCT)

The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components of tuber of Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) using GC-MS analysis. Twenty five compounds were identified. The prevailing compounds in the ethanol... more

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A multidisciplinary approach to the investigation of “La Caverna dell’Antimateria” (1958–1959) by Pinot Gallizio

by Giovanni Bartolozzi and

2014, Heritage Science

Background: This study concerns the application of non-invasive and micro-invasive analyses for the study of a contemporary artwork entitled La Caverna dell'Antimateria ("The Cave of Antimatter") which was created by Pinot Gallizio in... more

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Direct and indirect approaches based on paper analysis by Py-GC/MS for estimating the age of documents

by Laura Ortiz-Herrero

2018, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

The age of a relatively old document is one of the pending issues to be resolved in the field of forensic documentary examination. Although nowadays there are a variety of analytical methodologies focused in the analysis of inks for... more

Fig. 4. Graphic of the real time (year) against the predicted aging time (hour) from the PLS model (SNV). Equation Y = 7.43X — 37.25, R? 0.99. The red triangle represents the estimated date from the regression obtained with the dataset (n = 3) leaving out the test sample. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 1. Pyrolysis products identified in the pyrograms of white (A), notebook (B) and recycled (C) paper, respectively, after an accelerated aging of 475 (green line), 282 (red line) and 2 (blue line) h. Pyrolysis temperature of 400°C. GC/MS conditions: ZB-WAX column (30m x 0.25mm x 0.25 um), split injection (1:10), injection temperature of 300°C, temperature gradient: 40 °C hold for 2 min, 12°C min~' to 250°C, 250 °C hold for 1 min (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 5. Pyrograms of the documents under police custody; 2011 (blue line), 2006 (yellow line), 2002 (green line), 1996 (purple line), 1991 (black line) and 1986 (red line). Analysis (pyrolytic and chromatographic) conditions as in Fig. 1. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Identification of pyrolysis products associated with certain chromatographic peaks detected in artificially aged white, notebook and recycled paper. Matching higher than 90% for NIST 11 mass spectra library. Analysis conditions (pyrolytic and chromatographic) as in Fig. 1. (R?X) and 80-93% (RY) of variation in the data with predictive properties of 37-53% (Q”), indicating that the quality of PLS regression models was acceptable with well prediction efficiency.

Identification of characteristic compounds associated with certain chromatographic peaks detected in each page of the documents. Matching higher than 90% for NIST 11 mass spectra library. General Services of Research (SGIker) of the UPV/EHU for the tech- nological support in the development of this work too. Finally, L. Ortiz- Herrero thanks UPV/EHU for the pre-doctoral fellowship. Moreover, this chemometric treatment allowed obtaining inter- esting information about the transformations that the paper matrix suffers during the aging process. The abundance of the chromato- graphic signals was observed to increase with the time of aging process (both natural and accelerated). In addition, it was possible to identify the paper components that had the most influence in this aging process: 2-furanmethanol, n-methyl-1,3-propanediamine and 1-hydroxy-2-pro- panone.

PLS model data applying centering and spectral filter transformations. Table 2 Predicted aging time (h) + error for the white and notebook paper samples by applying SNV, EWMA and Row Center spectral filters.

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GC-MS Analysis and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of Root Bark Exudates of Hardwickia binata Roxb.

by Am Jour of Phytomed & Clinical Therapeut

Hardwickia binata Roxb. (Fabaceae) root bark exudate has been traditionally used by tribes of Chitteri hills to cure breast cancer. The main objective of this study is to give a scientific validation to the... more

Table 2. Physico-chemical parameters of root bark exudates Hardwickia binata Roxb.

Table 3. Quantitative analysis of root bark exudates Hardwickia binata Roxb.

Table 6. ICso of various extracts against normal and cancer cell lines

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Inside Amber: The Structural Role of Succinic Acid in Class Ia and Class Id Resinite

by Jennifer Poulin

2014, Analytical Chemistry

For the first time, molecular evidence of the structural role played by succinic acid within the macromolecular structure of Class Ia and Class Id resinites is presented. Using a novel gas chromatographic methodology, communol (Class Ia)... more

Figure 6. Key fragmentations and resulting ions of the diester compounds for the Class Ia resinite (a) and Class Id resinite (b).

Table 1. List of Compounds Corresponding to Marked Peaks in Figures 3, 5, and 7

Figure 7. Chromatograms of Class Id Axel Heiberg resinite with expansion of the segment between 56 and 68 min to show peaks of the esterification of dehydroabietyl succinate with ozol pyrolysates Vb— VIIIb. The labeled peaks correspond to molecular structures described in Figure 8 and mass spectra listed in Table 1.

Figure 8. Key fragmentations and resulting ions of the dehydroabietyl ozyl succinate compounds for the Class Id resinite. The regular counterparts to these dehydrobietyl succinate compounds were not detected in the Class Ia resinite sample. This is likely due to the relatively greater abundance of ozol and dehydroabietol units within the macromolecular structure of the Class Id resinite. The identification of the peaks is tentative as the molecular ions (m/z 576, 576, 590, and 588) are not present in the mass spectra. However, the peaks contain characteristic fragment ions present in previously described Vb—VIIIb compounds, in addition to fragments that are characteristic of dehydroabietol. In the mass spectra, two main ion fragments are formed from the dehydrobietyl group following reaction pathways that include the loss of the methy] group at the junction of the A/B rings, dehydrogenation and cleavage of the C—O bond at the succinate group, yielding the m/z 268 and 253 ions, respectively (Figure 8).* A third

Figure 3. Chromatograms of Class Ia Baltic resinite (a) and Class Id Axel Heiberg resinite (b) with expansion of the segments between 23.5 and 28 min to show peaks of the esterification of trimethylsilylated communyl and ozyl succinate pyrolysates, respectively. The labeled peaks correspond to structures described in Figure 4 and mass spectra in Table 1. Figure 4. Key fragmentations and resulting ions of the monoester compounds for the Class Ia resinite (a) and Class Id resinite (b).

“Communyl and ozyl pyrolysates labeled Ib—VIIIb are described in Figure 1. Compounds are tentatively assigned based on elucidation of mass spectra. Examples of molecular structures of the monoesters and diesters are shown in Figures 4 and 6, respectively.

Method Repeatability. To determine the repeatability, the pyrolysis methodology described above was carried out with five subsamples of homogeneously ground Class Ia resinite. All of the communol pyrolysate monomers, monosuccinate esters, and disuccinate esters were detected in each subsample. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the integrated peak area of a representative communol pyrolysate monomer, monoester, and diester were calculated. The RSD of the communol pyrolysate monomer was approximately 5%, while the less abundant monoester and diester pyrolysates were 15% and 20%, respectively. Figure 1. (a) Molecular structures of the regular and enantio labdanoid configurations found in Class I resinites. (b) Molecular structures of compounds with a regular configuration formed through Py(HMDS)-GC—MS. (c) Molecular structures of compounds with an enantio configuration formed through Py(HMDS)-GC-—MS. The structures and labels refer to compounds listed in Figures 2—8 and Table 1.

Figure 5. Chromatograms of Class Ia Baltic resinite (a) and Class Id Axel Heiberg resinite (b) with expansion of the segments between 39 and 50 min to show peaks of the diesterification of succinic acid with communol and ozol pyrolysates, respectively. The labeled peaks correspond to molecular structures described in Figure 6 and mass spectra in Table 1.

Figure 2. Chromatograms of Class Ia Baltic resinite (a) and Class Id Axel Heiberg resinite (b) with expansion of the segments between 11 and 1: min to show peaks of characteristic pyrolysates of the macromolecular structures. Pyrolysates forming from the labdanoid carboxylic acids are labele in blue, the alcohol pyrolysates are labeled in red, and the hydrocarbon pyrolysates are labeled in green. The labeled peaks correspond to molecula structures depicted in Figure 1.

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Application of GCxGC-ToFMS in the analysis of meteoritic organic macromolecules

by Jonathan Watson

Geological processing has long-since obliterated the Earth-based record of pre-biotic chemical evolution. However, remains of the materials that were involved in the construction of the Earth are preserved in ancient asteroids, fragments... more

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Py GC/MS

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