Parent Child Relationship

Children with visual impairments often face challenges in adapting socially and developing cognitive and perceptual skills. This article explores the impact of collaboration between typhlopedagogues and families on enhancing children's visual perception and social integration. Emphasis is placed on family engagement, tailored home-based strategies, and the long-term developmental benefits of such partnerships.

Children with visual impairments often face challenges in adapting socially and developing cognitive and perceptual skills. This article explores the impact of collaboration between typhlopedagogues and families on enhancing children's visual perception and social integration. Emphasis is placed on family engagement, tailored home-based strategies, and the long-term developmental benefits of such partnerships.

Past research suggests that maternal and paternal parenting processes differentially contribute to children's adjustment. However, the contribution of paternal warmth and responsiveness, to childhood attachment security is less understood, especially beyond the preschool years. The current study examined relations between parenting and attachment among 236 families with children in kindergarten. Parental warmth was virtually unrelated to attachment security and avoidance with mothers and fathers, while paternal and maternal responsiveness to children's emotional distress were uniquely predictive of father-and mother-child attachments, respectively. Although less responsive parenting was related to insecure attachment for both mothers and fathers, the parenting mechanisms associated with insecure attachment differed. Low paternal responsiveness was linked with continuous and categorical assessments of insecure-avoidant attachment, while low maternal responsiveness was associated with insecure-ambivalent attachment. Further research is needed to delineate why these patterns differ for fathers and mothers in order to understand fathers' unique effects on childhood attachment. attachment; parenting; fathers; parent child relationships; family relationships Although substantial evidence supports the importance of fathers in children's development , many questions remain about the specific pathways through which fathering contributes to children's relationships in families, particularly in the early school years. Children are known to be affected by fathering in the context of the marital relationship in this age period; for example, deficits in the interparental relationship are known to cause strain on the father-child relationship and negatively affect children's emotional security about the stability of the family (Cowan & Cowan, 2009; Cummings, Goeke-Morey & Raymond, 2004;. The fathering framework for understanding the impact of fathers in the family context further suggests that in addition to these indirect processes, fathers also impact children directly. Fathering may have a direct effect as a function of the impact of specific dimensions of father-child relations on children's attachment although the implications for children's security in parent-child relationships beyond infancy are surprisingly rarely examined . Understanding the unique effects of fathers on children necessitates examining this broader family context, thus the role of mothering must also be considered in understanding the unique impact of fathers . Research has suggested that parenting among mothers and fathers may be similar given shared parenting characteristics in the same family (Braungart-Rieker, Garwood, Powers,

Gefragt, warum sie nach Deutschland übergesiedelt sind, betonen viele Aussiedlereltem, die Übersiedlung sei "um der Kinder willen" erfolgt, die sich nun eine erfolgreiche Existenz aufbauen sollen (Interviews der Pilotbefragung EVA-A 1991). Mit dieser Erwartung ist eine große Last rur die deutschstärnmigen Jugendlichen verbunden. Sie sind die dritte, wenn nicht schon vierte Nachkriegsgeneration, die von Verfolgung während der Stalinzeit nur noch aus Erzählungen weiß. Deshalb ftihlen sie sich nicht in erster Linie als Deutsche, sondern eher als deutschstärnrnige Bürger ihres Herkunftslandes (HagerIWandeI 1978). Während unter den Rumäniendeutschen Deutsch noch gesprochene Sprache ist, beherrschen rußlanddeutsche oder polendeutsche Kinder und Jugendliche die deutsche Sprache nicht mehr (DietzlHilkes 1992). Viele junge Leute kommen nach Deutschland, ohne daß sie dies ausdrücklich gewünscht hätten (Stepien 1981). Tatsächlich berichteten in einer Befragung unter jüngeren Jugendlichen (12 bis 16 Jahre) die meisten über "gemischte Geftihle" bei der Ausreise aus dem vertrauten in einen neuen Lebensraum. Ältere dagegen, also etwa ab 17 Jahren, sprechen eher über "positive Aufbruchsstimmung" (Kossolapow 1987, S. 266). Dies mag den Hintergrund haben, daß die älteren selbst den Entschluß zur Ausreise ihrer Familie mitgetragen haben. Tatsächlich gaben aber in einer Befragung 1991 nur 40010 der erwachsenen Aussiedler an, die Entscheidung zur Übersiedlung nach Die diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden Daten entstammen dem interdisziplinlIren Projekt "Erfolg und Verlauf der Aneignung neuer Umwelten durch Aussiedler -EVA-A", das von 1990 bis 1993 mit finanziellen Mitteln des Bundesministeriums filr Inneres unter der Leitung von E.-D. Lantermann und R. K. Silbereisen an den Universitäten Gießen (S. Hormuth, R K. Silbereisen), Kassel (E.-D. Lantermann, 1. Weiß), Osnabrock (S. Greif) und Wuppertal (8. Six) durchgefilhrt wurde. Insbesondere Abschnitt 4 dieses Beitrags bezieht sich auf Auswertungen, die in einem frlIheren Manuskript, 39. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft filr Psychologie, Hamburg, 25.-29. September 94, ausfiIhrIich behandelt wurden.

In this article we present with STATA regression models suitable for analyzing over-dispersed count outcomes. Specifically, the Negative Binomial regression can be an appropriate choice for modeling count variables, usually for over-dispersed count outcome variables. The common problem with count data with zeroes is that the empirical data often show more zeroes than would be expected under either Poisson or the Negative Binomial model. We concluded, this publications showcases that Zero-inflated models can be used to model count data that has excessive zero counts.

Non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) is mostly sporadic, but familial clustering is described. We aimed to compare the features of patients with sporadic and familial NMTC (FNMTC) patients and to assess whether FNMTC patients with parent-child relationship exhibit the 'anticipation' phenomenon (earlier age at disease onset and increased severity in successive generations). Among 300 NMTCs followed in the Section of Endocrinology (University of Siena, Italy), 34 (11.3%) patients, all with the papillary histotype, (16 kindred), met the criteria of FNMTC. Twenty-seven of them (79.4%) exhibited a parent-child relationship and seven (20.6%) a sibling relationship. These patients were compared with 235 patients with sporadic papillary thyroid cancer (PTCs). To analyze the features of FNMTC of the first and second generations, we cumulated the series of Siena with 32 additional FNMTC patients (15 kindred) from the Department of Endocrinology-Endocrine Oncology, Thessaloniki, Greece. Significant difference between sporadic PTC and FNMTC patients included more frequent tumor multifocality (PZ0.001) and worse final outcome in FNMTC patients (PZ0.001). Among 47 FNMTC with parent-child relationship, we found an earlier age at disease presentation (P!0.0001), diagnosis (P!0.0001), and disease onset (PZ0.04) in the second generation when compared with the first generation. Patients in the second generation were more frequently males (PZ0.02); their tumors were more frequently multifocal (PZ0.003) and bilateral (PZ0.01), had higher rate of lymph node metastases at surgery (PZ0.02) and worse outcome (PZ0.04) when compared with the first generation. In conclusion, FNMTC displays the features of clinical 'anticipation' with the second generation acquiring the disease at an earlier age and having more advanced disease at presentation.

This study assessed the influence of television, parent-child relationship and adolescents' cognitions over the intentions to engage in sexual activity during adolescence. Sample consisted of 231 high-school stu- dents (116 women and 115 men), between 12 and 18 years old, from low, middle and high socioeco- nomic status. A self-report questionnaire was used to gather information on the study's variables. Correlation and regression analysis show that intentions are determined by personal attitudes and subjective norm, thus supporting the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sexual self-efficacy was not a significant predictor of the intentions to engage in sexual activity during adolescence. Some variables related to TV were found to be strong determinants of personal attitudes toward sexual activity during adolescence. The findings are discussed with implications for actions by parents, educators and those responsible of TV policies.

Der vorliegende Artikel versucht, das Konzept von Independenz als die in westlichen postmodernen Gesellschaften vorherrschende soziokulturelle Orientierung in der elterlichen Fursorge – manchmal auch unter dem Begriff "Western Mind" diskutiert – zu entflechten. Mutter und Grosmutter aus Los Angeles, USA und Berlin, Deutschland, wurden mittels eines halb-strukturierten Bildkarteninterviews uber ihre Erziehungsziele und ihre Vorstellungen uber gutes elterliches Verhalten gegenuber einem drei Monate alten Baby befragt. Die Datenanalyse basiert auf qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Alle Befragten teilen gleichermasen independente als auch interdependente Erziehungsziele. Sie haben auch ein gemeines Verstandnis daruber, welche elterlichen Verhaltensweisen wichtig sind. Es gibt jedoch einen kulturellen Unterschied in Bezug auf das Verstandnis von Fursorgeverhalten. Die deutschen Teilnehmerinnen teilen eine eher holistische Auffassung, die sich darin ausdruckt, dass sie erwarten, Stil...

Die empirische Bestätigung des intergenerationellen Kreislaufs der Gewalt (Gelles 2002) sowie des Gewalttransfers von der Familie in andere soziale Kontexte veränderte die Wahrnehmung gegenüber der elterlichen Züchtigung. Dass ihre häufigen Auswirkungen Probleme bewirken können, macht sie zu einem Risiko, zum einen für die kindlichen und jugendlichen Akteure, die darunter leiden 1 und zum anderen für die soziale Umwelt bzw. die Gesellschaft, die mit diesen Akteuren umgehen müssen. Mit als Folge der öffentlich-politischen Thematisierung sank die Legitimität der Eltern-Kind-Gewalt

BACKGROUND. Newborn screening programs now identify children with >30 biochemical genetic disorders. False-positive identifications may increase as disorders are added to screening panels. Concerns arise regarding the potential impact on parental stress, family relationships, and perceptions of the child's health.METHODS. Parents of 173 infants with false-positive screening results for a biochemical genetic disorder in the expanded newborn screening panel were compared with parents of 67 children with normal screening results. Parents completed an interview that elicited information about demographic features, child and parental health, and understanding of newborn screening. Parents also completed the parenting stress index.RESULTS. Parents in the false-positive group attained higher total scores on the PSI than did parents in the normal-screened group, scoring higher on the parent-child dysfunction subscale and the difficult child subscale. Only approximately one third of p...

Introduction and Objectives: Identity formation is one of the core developmental tasks of adolescence, shaped by a range of social and environmental factors. Erikson (1968) defines identity as the distinction an individual makes between self and others—a construct encompassing internalized thought patterns, values, and communication styles. This psychosocial construct undergoes significant transformation during adolescence, as individuals begin to integrate their self-perceptions, external evaluations, and life goals (Schwartz, 2005; Khabaz et al., 2010).
Within this dynamic process, education plays a pivotal role. The school, as the primary educational environment, influences adolescent identity through curriculum design, teacher–student interactions, administrative structures, and even the hidden curriculum (Taleb-zadeh & Fathi, 2003; Giddens, 2011).
This study examines the role of the school ecosystem in shaping adolescent identity in Iran. Drawing on an ecological perspective, the research conceptualizes the school not as a static institution but as a dynamic socio-cultural environment. Within this framework, factors such as peer relationships, teacher behavior, school culture, physical space, and available resources are examined through qualitative methods and thematic analysis of Persian, English, and Arabic sources.
The primary aim of the study is to identify key school-based components that influence various dimensions of identity, while posing a critical question: Do students merely acquire knowledge, or do they undergo identity transformation? Ultimately, the research aims to provide practical insights for educational policymakers, curriculum designers, and practitioners, highlighting the school’s active role in forming identity. By adopting a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to identity development, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of adolescence within the context of Iran’s educational system.
Method: This study employs thematic analysis to examine the role of formal education in forming the identity of adolescents in Iran. The primary aim of this method is to extract descriptive and prescriptive codes that inform a conceptual model of causal relationships among variables. The analysis follows a grounded theory approach, closely aligned with the structuralist framework of Strauss and Corbin. Rather than imposing a predefined theoretical structure, the method relies on the researcher’s interpretive creativity during coding, thereby fostering theoretical sensitivity.
In the initial phase, 350 sources in Persian, English, and Arabic were reviewed. After refinement, 24 final sources were selected—comprising 12 Persian, 10 English, and 2 Arabic texts—all directly related to the role of schooling in adolescent identity formation. These included 6 dissertations and 18 papers, chosen based on criteria such as credibility, theoretical rigor, and relevance to the research question.
Thematic analysis of these sources yielded 98 rich codes, which were categorized based on their directional impact into four groups: identity-enhancing, identity-eroding, context-dependent, and non-influential. Only findings derived from empirical research methodologies were considered; theoretical content lacking empirical support was excluded.
The stages of thematic analysis in this study included:

Familiarization with the data
Generation of initial codes and coding
Identification and exploration of themes
Mapping the thematic network
Analysis of the thematic network
Integration and synthesis of the final text

Results: Excerpt from Thematic Analysis Table
The thematic analysis of sources reveals that various components of the school ecosystem exert a significant influence on the identity formation of adolescents in Iran. The core findings are summarized across three domains:

Affected Identity Dimensions

Among the different facets of identity, the most impacted were:

Personal Identity (36 codes)
National Identity (18 codes)
Religious Identity (14 codes)
Social Identity (12 codes)
Occupational Identity (11 codes)
Gender and Political Identity (3 codes each)
Cultural Identity (1 code)

These results indicate that the formal education system plays a predominant role in shaping students’ personal, national, and religious identities.

Influential School Components

The following school components were found to have the greatest impact on adolescent identity:

School Actors (teachers, staff, students, administrators): Most influential, especially on personal, religious, and occupational identity (18 codes)
Educational Processes: Influential on personal, occupational, national, and social identity (16 codes)
School Structure: Impactful on personal, national, and social identity (13 codes)
Hidden Curriculum and School Atmosphere: Strengthening religious and national identity
Physical Environment of the School: Influential on social, personal, and national identity


Identity-Weakening Factors

Five factors were identified as potential barriers to identity development:

School Environment: May reproduce social inequalities
Rigid Educational Processes: Can hinder identity formation
Institutional Norms: May restrict students’ freedom of expression
Credentialism: Reduces creativity
Traditional Teaching Methods (especially in the arts): Can inhibit self-expression

In summary, while most components of the school ecosystem contribute positively to identity development—particularly in personal, national, and religious domains—certain structural and pedagogical practices may obstruct the complete and multidimensional formation of identity. Addressing these challenges requires greater flexibility and inclusivity within educational systems.






The conceptual model of the role of the school ecosystem in student identity formation

Discussion and Conclusion: Adolescents are the architects of a society’s future, and the coherence of their personality and life trajectory is shaped mainly by the identity they develop during this formative stage. Among the institutions influencing this process, the formal education system plays a pivotal role. A comprehensive and systematic view of this system—as a complex socio-cultural ecosystem—offers more profound insight into its function in shaping the identity of today’s youth in Iran.
This study, through thematic analysis of 24 sources, identified 98 detailed themes related to adolescent identity formation. Within this framework, 12 core components of the school ecosystem were recognized, including educational technologies, educational processes, architecture, context, structure, environment and atmosphere, interpersonal interactions among school actors, and the hidden curriculum.
These components impact eight key dimensions of identity: personal, social, gender, occupational, religious, cultural, political, and national. Notably, despite their growing relevance, civilizational and virtual (online) identities were not addressed in the reviewed sources and warrant future investigation.
The findings reveal that the school ecosystem, as a multidimensional and dynamic system, exerts profound influence on the development of students’ identity. Various elements—such as school actors, institutional structure, educational and formative processes, school atmosphere, and curricular content—significantly affect personal, national, religious, social, and occupational identity. Among these, school actors had the most substantial impact on personal, religious, and occupational identity, while multiple ecosystem components broadly shape national and religious identity. Furthermore, certain elements, such as school context and instructional processes, can function both as enhancers and inhibitors of identity formation.
These insights underscore the importance of considering the school ecosystem as a vital component in the adolescent identity formation process. They demonstrate that student identity emerges from the complex interplay of internal and external factors within the school environment.
If the cultivation of an Iranian-Islamic identity among adolescents is a strategic goal for policymakers, it necessitates focused attention on the formal education system—particularly because national and religious identity are the most affected dimensions within this ecosystem.
This study proposes a culturally ecological model as an alternative to traditional cultural approaches in school-based research, inviting future studies to explore emerging components and the diverse impacts of various school types on adolescent identity.
Keywords

School Ecosystem  Thematic Analysis  Identity Formation  Adolescence  Student
References
Journal of Islamic Education
Volume 20, Issue 53 - Serial Number 53
October 2025
Pages 7-39
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This study examined children's peer information processing as an explanatory mechanism underlying the association between their insecure representations of interparental and parent-child relationships and school adjustment in a sample of 210 first-graders. Consistent with emotional security theory (EST;, results indicated that children's insecure representations of the interparental relationship were indirectly related to their academic functioning through association with their negative information processing of stressful peer events. Insecure interparental relationships were specifically linked with negative peer information processing patterns which, in turn, predicted increases in child maladjustment over a one-year period. These pathways remained robust after taking into account the roles of representations of parent-child relationships, trait measures of child negative affect, and socioeconomic characteristics as predictors in the analyses. Children's internal representations of how their parents get along with each other are theorized to play a key role in accounting for the variability in children's adaptation to interparental conflict . According to Emotional Security Theory (EST;, witnessing destructive conflicts between parents increases children's vulnerability to adjustment problems by amplifying children's negative internal representations of the consequences of interparental relationships for their own welfare and the stability of the marital system. Likewise, the Cognitive-Contextual Framework proposes that children's appraisal of the threat posed by interparental conflict is an intermediary process in pathways between exposure to marital conflict and child problems . In support of this common prediction, research has repeatedly identified children's insecure representations of interparental relations as intervening mechanisms in the association between interparental and child functioning using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs (Dadds, Atkinson,

This study examined the contributions of personality to the emotional and behavior dynamics of families. Analyses assessed the degrees to which personality accounts for associations between marital quality and parenting, and mediates genetic contributions to these relationships. Participants included 318 male and 544 female same-sex twin pairs from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden. All twins completed self-report measures of marital quality and personality (anxiousness, aggression, sociability). Composite measures of parent negativity and warmth were derived from the twins' and their adolescent children's ratings of the twins' disciplinary styles and the emotional tone of the parent-child relationship. Observational ratings of marital quality and parenting were also obtained for a subset of twins. Analyses indicated that personality characteristics explain 33% to 42% of the covariance between reported marital quality and parenting, and 26% to 28% of the covariance between observed marital quality and parenting. For both sets of analyses personality accounted for more than half of the genetic contributions to covariance between marital quality and parenting. Results indicate that personality significantly contributes to associations between marital quality and parenting, and that personality is an important path through which genetic factors contribute to family relationships.

The current longitudinal study examined adolescent gender differences in the developmental changes and relational correlates of secrecy from parents. For 4 successive years, starting in the second year of junior high (mean age at Time 1 ϭ 13.2 years, SD ϭ 0.51), 149 male and 160 female Dutch adolescents reported on secrecy from their parents and the quality of the parent-child relationship. Latent growth curve modeling revealed a linear increase in secrecy, which was significantly faster for boys than for girls. Moreover, cross-lagged panel analyses showed clear concurrent and longitudinal linkages between secrecy from parents and poorer parent-child relationship quality in girls. In boys, much less strong linkages were found between poorer relationships and secrecy from parents.

Objetivo: apreender a percepção de puérperas acerca da participação do companheiro nos cuidados prestados ao binômio mãe e filho. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado junto a 20 puérperas residentes no município de Campo Mourão-PR. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a março de 2014, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas gravadas e posteriormente submetidos à análise de conteúdo modalidade temática. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o parecer 727.405/2014. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: Sentimentos aflorados com a chegada do novo membro na família; e As mãos que promovem o sustento também cuidam. Conclusão: a participação efetiva do companheiro foi evidenciada pelas puérperas; contudo os cuidados com o bebê ainda são incipientes, sendo a participação mais efetiva nos cuidados direcionados à puérpera e às tarefas domésticas. 

Fathers' involvement in influencing young people's sexual behaviours in Nigeria has received much less attention. This study examined the extent to which fathers' involvement (father's marital status, socioeconomic status, parenting style, attitude, and father-child communication) predict delay in sexual debut among a representative sample of Nigerian adolescents. Multistage sampling technique was adopted to draw a cross section of 2723 (Male: 978; Female) junior secondary school adolescents with age range of 9-16 years and mean age of 12 ± 2.1 who reported sexually inexperience from six geographical zones in Nigeria. Four standardized self-report measures were utilized. Result of three research questions raised show a positive relationship between fathers' involvement and intention to delay sexual Initiation. Multivariate analyses reveal that the independent variables contributed 6.7% of the variance in the predicting delay in sexual debut of respondents. Fathers' attitude made the most potent contribution (β =. 255, P <.05). The outcome of the study suggest that fathers involvement in child rearing practices is associated with sexual initiation of sexually in experienced adolescents in Nigeria. It is recommended that Sexuality education should be more encompassing to incorporate the father as a primary care giver.

Dans le présent article nous étudions les mécanismes de transmission des difficultés socioaffectives entre les systèmes conjugal et parental sous l&#39;effet d&#39;une part de stress contextuels comme la pauvreté des familles et, d&#39;autre part, des caractéristiques personnelles des membres de ces familles comme le sexe et l&#39;âge de l&#39;enfant. Un échantillon de couples avec ou sans enfant permet dans une première étude d&#39;estimer l&#39;impact de la présence de l&#39;enfant sur le couple alors que deux autres études posent la question complémentaire de l&#39;impact du couple sur l&#39;enfant. Les résultats de ces études contribuent à démontrer l&#39;interdépendance entre le couple et l&#39;enfant alors que chaque membre de la famille peut-être une source d&#39;influence sur les autres. Nous argumentons qu&#39;une réponse aversive à des problèmes extrafamiliaux favorise des stress intrafamiliaux mais que cela se révèle surtout selon les caractéristiques des membres de la fa...

Youth mental health in Jamaica has become an urgent public health concern, influenced by socioeconomic disparities, community violence, and limited mental health service accessibility. This quantitative study analysed secondary data from 2005 to 2023, sourced from national agencies and international organisations, including the Ministry of Health and Wellness, the Statistical Institute of Jamaica, and UNICEF. The study examined mental health indicators such as suicide rates, depression prevalence, school dropout due to psychological distress, and access to mental health services, alongside socioeconomic variables like youth unemployment and exposure to community violence. Results revealed that suicide rates nearly doubled from 2.1 to 4.8 per 100,000 youth, while depression prevalence increased from 11.4% to 25.6%. Female adolescents reported significantly higher rates of depression and suicide attempts, whereas male youth exhibited higher suicide completion rates. Statistical analyses indicated strong positive correlations between youth unemployment and depression (r = 0.78, p < .01), as well as community violence and poor mental health outcomes. Multiple regression analysis confirmed unemployment and violence exposure as significant predictors of youth depression. Despite policy efforts, access to mental health services remained inadequate, particularly in rural areas where fewer than half of the youth had access to school-based counselling. These findings underscore the critical need for multisectoral interventions that address structural determinants such as unemployment and violence, expand mental health infrastructure, and implement gender-sensitive programming. This study fills a significant gap in Jamaican youth mental health research, offering evidence-based recommendations for policymakers to improve mental health outcomes through targeted, data-informed strategies.

Compassion is known to predict prosocial behavior and moral judgements related to harm. Despite the centrality of compassion to social life, factors predicting adulthood compassion are largely unknown. We examine whether qualities of parent -child relationship, namely emotional warmth and acceptance, predict offspring compassion decades later in adulthood. We used data from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study. Our sample included 2,761 participants (55.5% women). Parent-child relationship qualities were reported by the participant's parents at the baseline in 1980 (T0) when participants were from 3 to 18 years old. Compassion was self-reported three times (in 1997 [T1], 2001 [T2] and 2012 [T3]) with the Temperament and Character Inventory. By using age at the assessment as a timevariant variable, we applied multilevel modeling for repeated measurements to examine developmental trajectories of compassion from ages 20 (the age of the youngest cohort at T1) to 50 (the age of the oldest cohort at T3). On average, compassion increased in a curvilinear fashion with age. Higher acceptance (p = .013) and higher emotional warmth (p < .001) were related to higher compassion in adulthood. After adjusting for childhood confounds (participant's gender, birth cohort, externalizing behavior, parental socioeconomic status and parental mental health problems), only emotional warmth (p < .001) remained as a significant predictor of compassion. Quality of the parent-child relationship has long-term effects on offspring compassion. An emotionally warm and close relationship, in particular, may contribute to higher offspring compassion in adulthood.

The present study compares conceptions about parenting in two cultural communities that may be expected to hold different views on parent-child relationships. Sociodemographically diverse samples of 46 Northern German and 39 West African Nso women evaluated parenting behavior observed in 10 Nso and 10 German videotaped mother-infant interaction sequences. The individual evaluations were assessed in group contexts. The statements were analyzed with respect to their reference to parenting systems and interaction mechanisms as conceptualized in the component model of parenting. As expected, the Nso respondents addressed primary care, body contact and body stimulation more often than the German respondents who focused more on face-to-face communication and exclusive attention. Contrary to our expectations, distress regulation was addressed more often by the German respondents. Quantitative analyses are combined with the qualitative elaboration of the respondents' evaluative comments. The identified ideas about parenting are discussed as reflecting the conscious nature of parenting as a shared cultural activity and related to cultural goals.

Inhaltsverzeichnis:: Vorwort; 1. Verständlich Informieren; 2. Historisch-theoretische Grundlage der Kommunikationspsychologie; 2.1 Die Unmöglichkeit, nicht zu kommunizieren; 2.2 Der Inhalts- und Beziehungsaspekt der Kommunikation; 2.3 Die Interpunktion von Ereignisfolgen; 2.4 Digitale und analoge Kommunikation; 2.5 Symmetrische und komplementäre Interaktionen; 3. Nachrichten senden und empfangen; 3.1 Die Nachricht; 3.2 Das Empfangen; 4. Techniken der Gesprächsführung; 4.1 Aktives Zuhören; 4.2 Paraphrasieren; 4.3 Fragetechniken; 4.4 Metakommunikation; 5. Moderation von Gesprächen; 5.1 Sieben Phasen eines Gesprächsverlaufs; 5.2 Methoden der Moderation; Literatur; Weiterführende Literatu

Background: According to the World Health Organization, 20% of children and adolescents worldwide currently have mental health problems, but effective treatment coverage in this area is very low. Therefore, the application of evidence-based interventions for children with separation anxiety disorder is a fundamental necessity. Aims: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of play attachment therapy and play therapy based on the parent-child relationship on the psychological well-being of children with separation anxiety disorder. Methods: The method of the present study is quasi-experimental and a pre-test, post-test-follow-up design of 2 months was used to collect data. The statistical population of this study included all mothers and children aged five to six years old with separation anxiety who were enrolled in preschool centers or kindergartens in District 4 of Tehran in the academic year 2022-2023. An experimental group and a control group were assigned. The experimental groups received attachment-focused play therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and play therapy based on parent-child relationships for 10 sessions of 120 minutes. To collect data, a psychological well-being questionnaire (Abed et al., 2016) was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS.24 software using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that each Attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship play therapy significantly improved the psychological well-being of children with separation anxiety disorder (P< 0.05). The results of Bonferroni's post hoc tests showed that there was no difference between Attachment-based play therapy and parentchild relationship play therapy in the post-test and follow-up stages. Conclusion: According to the above, and the relatively high prevalence of this disorder and its comorbidity with other disorders among children and adolescents, the use of evidence-based interventions such as Attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship play therapy can significantly reduce their psychological distress.
Keywords

self-criticism  parental self-efficacy  attachment-based play therapy  parent-child relationship therapy  separation anxiety disorder

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the experience of postpartum women during hospitalization of premature infants in the first stage of Kangaroo Care and know how the first skin to skin contact between mother and child through the kangaroo position collaborates with this experience. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study that is complied with the Resolution 196/96 of the National Board of Health, conducted through semi-structured interviews with twelve postpartum women in October, 2010. Results: Content analysis showed that postpartum women experience a period of stress in early hospitalization of premature infants during the first step of Kangaroo Care, represented by the abandonment of their daily activities and whole family. Conclusion: The kangaroo position provided the expression of feelings related to postpartum women happiness from realizing herself as a true mother, since they can participate in an indirect way of the sick child's care and promote conditions for their development.

In this paper, we detect emerging research fronts in a huge number of academic papers related to regenerative medicine, a field of radically innovative research. We divide citation networks into clusters using the topological clustering method, track the positions of papers in each cluster, and visualize citation networks with characteristic terms for each cluster. Analyzing the clustering results with the average published year and parent-child relationship of each cluster could be helpful in detecting recent trends. In addition, tracking topological measures, withincluster degree z and participation coefficient P, enables us to determine whether there are emerging knowledge clusters. Our results show the success of our method in detecting emerging research fronts in regenerative medicine, and these results are confirmed as reasonable by experts. Finally, we predict the future core papers, with the potential of many citations, via the betweenness centralities in the citation network of the research into adult and somatic stem cells.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the experience of postpartum women during hospitalization of premature infants in the first stage of Kangaroo Care and know how the first skin to skin contact between mother and child through the kangaroo position collaborates with this experience. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study that is complied with the Resolution 196/96 of the National Board of Health, conducted through semi-structured interviews with twelve postpartum women in October, 2010. Results: Content analysis showed that postpartum women experience a period of stress in early hospitalization of premature infants during the first step of Kangaroo Care, represented by the abandonment of their daily activities and whole family. Conclusion: The kangaroo position provided the expression of feelings related to postpartum women happiness from realizing herself as a true mother, since they can participate in an indirect way of the sick child's care and promote conditions for their development.

This study examined differences on major aspects of attaining adult status in the transition from adolescence into young adulthood. The attainment of developmental tasks and the quality of parent–child relationships were compared across adolescence and young adulthood. In addition, the extent to which relationships with parents are related to the attainment of young adulthood developmental tasks was also investigated. The study was conducted on 169 Israeli adolescents, early young adults, and late young adults. Results showed that developmental tasks are attained at different stages, and that the consolidation of adult status is achieved closer to the end of the third decade of life. Relationships with parents were found to be more positive following the transition from adolescence to early young adulthood. Adaptation of young adults was explained by the quality of relationships with parents and especially with fathers.

The current economic downturn in the U.S. and around the world has refocused attention on the processes through which families and children are affected by economic hardship. This study examines the response to economic pressure of a cohort of youth first studied 20 years ago as adolescents and now grown to adulthood. A total of 271 of the original G2 adolescents (M age = 25.6 years) participated in the study with their young child (G3, M age = 2.31 years at the first time of assessment) and the child's other parent in 81% of the cases. Data analyses were guided by the interactionist model which proposed that positive G2 personality attributes during adolescence would predict lower economic pressure during adulthood and would diminish the negative family processes related to economic pressure expected to disrupt competent G3 development. The findings were consistent with this social selection aspect of the interactionist model. The model also predicted that economic pressure and other aspects of the related family stress process would affect G3 development net of earlier G2 personality. This social causation aspect of the interactionist model also received support. The findings suggest that the relationship between economic conditions and child development reflect a dynamic process of selection and causation that plays out over time and generations.

A conflict is an inevitable phenomenon formed during marital relationship in parallel with love. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an interventional package of the decrement of couples' conflict based on Islamic sources with a quasi-experimental method and single-case experimental design with a multiple sequential-exploratory baseline. The population included all couples who were in conflict referring to the Ghadir Counseling Center in the city of Qom. Three couples were selected by the judgmental sampling and with the confirmation of conflict criterion according to a marital conflict questionnaire. The data were collected before and after the intervention. The researcher's interventional package of the decrement of couples' conflict was designed according to the Islamic sources, and it was in the form of a short structured 9 session treatment. The package validity regarding its sessions, in general, and in terms of its structure, objectives, and techniques were confirmed by 10 psychologists. The results of the interventional package showed that after the intervention, the couples' conflict turned to a good and safe condition with a decreasing and stable trend.

Non-voluntary migration has been demonstrated to have an impact on family relationships as a result of children acculturating to the host country faster than their parents. Studies have reported on immigrant parents' perceptions of their parenting in host countries. However, less is known about how both children and parents view and make sense of their relationships in new contexts. This exploratory qualitative study aims to capture the dialectical processes in parent-child relationships among Somali families in Sweden. Data were collected using focus group discussions with youth (n = 47) and their parents (n = 33). The data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Two themes, each with three themes of their own, were identified from the analysis: finding a balance between hierarchical and egalitarian relationships and sharing of spaces. Youth and parents described different factors, including contextual changes, generational gaps, peer pressure and lack of a father figures, as affecting their relationships with each other and sometimes creating conflicts between them. Both perceived themselves as active agents in contributing to family life after migrating to Sweden. In general, the youth expressed their emotional needs, the motivations desired from their parents and their desire to be equally treated as sons and daughters. Overall, this study demonstrates that there is a need to offer immigrant families culturally tailored parenting support programmes, thereby strengthening parent-child relationships.

The parent-child relationship is one of the strongest predictors of a child's adjustment during adulthood. Many hearing-impaired children have normal hearing families, and this issue adversely affects the parent-child relationship; however, studies on interventions have focused on high-risk clinical specimens. The effect of the Faranak parent-child program (Persian version of Parent-Child Mother Goose Program) on the quality of mother-child relationship has been evaluated in this study, which involved families having preschool, hearing-impaired children. A group of 14 mothers with hearing-impaired children participated in this 12-week program. The control group received no training. Both groups were asked to complete the Gerrard parent-child questionnaire before and after the intervention program to assess their relationship with their children before and after the program. The mothers who were part of the experiment group reported many positive changes in their relationship with the child during the program. The Frank Parent-Child Mother Goose Program could help families with hearingimpaired children in this 12-week community-based program, wherein parents learned skills that affect the relationship between mother and child.

This research examines and compares the views of Al-Farabi, an Islamic philosopher, and Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher and pioneer of Christian existentialism, on the role of religion in the formation of individual and social identity. The main goal of this research is a comparative analysis of the effects of religion on identity from two different perspectives. The research method is a comparative content analysis based on reliable sources and the main texts of philosophers. Al-Farabi sees religion as a social institution that strengthens the unity and cohesion of society and helps to educate virtuous people. He emphasizes the importance of religious and philosophical leaders in guiding society towards perfection, and believes that religion and reason complement each other. In contrast, Kierkegaard emphasizes the personal and inner experience of religion and considers religion a path to finding the meaning of life and facing existential anxieties. He believes that religion must be experienced individually and directly in order to form a meaningful and authentic identity. The results of this study show that both philosophers emphasize the fundamental importance of religion in the formation of individual and social identity, but they have different approaches and analyses on this issue. Al-Farabi's views are more focused on the social and political role of religion and the upbringing of virtuous people, while Kierkegaard's views are focused on the individual and inner experience of religion and dealing with existential challenges. These differences indicate that both views give a high status to the role of religion in determining human identity.

Direction des bibliothèques AVIS L'auteur a autorisé l'Université de Montréal à reproduire et diffuser, en totalité ou en partie, par quelque moyen que ce soit et sur quelque support que ce soit, et exclusivement à des fins non lucratives d'enseignement et de recherche, des copies de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse. L'auteur et les coauteurs le cas échéant conservent la propriété du droit d'auteur et des droits moraux qui protègent ce document. Ni la thèse ou le mémoire, ni des extraits substantiels de ce document, ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans l'autorisation de l'auteur. Afin de se conformer à la Loi canadienne sur la protection des renseignements personnels, quelques formulaires secondaires, coordonnées ou signatures intégrées au texte ont pu être enlevés de ce document. Bien que cela ait pu affecter la pagination, il n'y a aucun contenu manquant. The author cf this thesis or dissertation has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Université de Montréal to reproduce and publish the document, in part or in whole, and in any format, solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Ce mémoire intitulé La perception maternelle des facteurs influençant l'émergence du plaisir maternel dans l'interaction mère-enfant Présenté pars Marie-Noélle Simard a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes

As the number of children who survive chronic illness increases, so does the number of medically ill children who develop significant psychological sequelae from their illness . Multiple hospitalizations, effects on attachment, and traumatic medical procedures have all been cited as risk factors for the development of psychological problems . Another salient variable in understanding the ill child's psychological outcome is the role of family processes in preventing or enhancing the likelihood of psychopathology in medically ill children (Wamboldt and Wamboldt, 2000b). How the family copes with a child's medical illness may be most salient for how well the child copes. If the family is able to metabolize the stress of the illness, they may be more able to offer emotional support to the child, thus alleviating some of the child's potential distress. Likewise, parents may be able to offer the disciplinary structure needed for the child to continue in a normal trajectory for psychological development without being derailed by over-solicitous parenting. A major challenge for families with a medically ill child is to be able to acknowledge and deal with the negative feelings and resentments about the illness without the negative affects causing overt conflict with, or distancing from, the patient. Of course, conflict, criticism, and withdrawal may exist between parent and child for many reasons other than suppressed emotions surrounding a medical illness. In the case of preexisting parent-child difficulties, the stress of chronic illness may exacerbate the underlying conflicts. There are several threads of empirical evidence that demonstrate the parent-child conflict as being associated with the outcome of medical illnesses in children. In an asthma study, found that conflict between the children and their parents, as rated through chart notes, was a significant risk factor for death. have shown that an adolescent's rating of family conflict at the time of diabetes diagnosis is positively correlated with noncompliance 1 and 4 years later. In

This study examined mechanisms by which paternal depressive symptoms are related to children's responsiveness to their fathers and mothers among children with feeding disorders (FD). Participants included 28 children diagnosed with FD and their parents and 27 children and parents in non-FD families. Measures included paternal reports of depressive symptoms and videotaping of parents' sensitivity and children's responsiveness, as exhibited during play and feeding interactions. Analyses revealed that in both groups, paternal sensitivity mediated the link between paternal depressive symptoms and children's responsiveness to their fathers. However, crossover effects of paternal depressive symptoms on the mother-child relationship were evident only among the FD group. Specifically, paternal depressive symptoms were linked to lower maternal sensitivity, which in turn, was linked to children's reduced responsiveness to their mothers. The paper discusses the role of paternal depressive symptoms in the parent-child relationship, especially in families having children with FD, as well as different mediation processes for mothers and fathers.

PALABRAS CLAVE: educación familiar relación padres-hijos crianza del niño discriminación educacional RESUMEN: Las representaciones culturales de género se aprenden a través de los procesos de socialización dentro de un contexto sociocultural, siendo madres y padres los principales agentes socializadores de creencias estereotipadas sobre género que influyen en las prácticas de crianza. Con el objetivo de conocer las percepciones de los adolescentes sobre los estilos parentales de padres y madres, se ha aplicado un cuestionario, elaborado ad hoc para esta investigación, denominado Percepciones del Alumnado sobre las Prácticas de Crianza de Madres y Padres (PAPC), a 1837 estudiantes de 1.º y 3.º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y 1.º de Bachillerato. Los resultados indican que, en primer lugar, la fiabilidad del instrumento el α Madre =.828 y α Padre = .812 y su validez, medida a través del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, indica que existen dos factores que explican el 45.88% de la varianza total, denominados Uso del Castigo Físico y/o Verbal y Omisión y Asunción de Responsabilidades. En segundo lugar, tanto las chicas como los chicos de diferentes culturas perciben que las madres se ocupan más del control de conductas inadecuadas que los padres, siendo las madres las que más utilizan tanto las estrategias punitivas como las que apelan a la responsabilidad (M madre =12.43; M padre =11.72; t=6.98, p<.001; M madre =16.82; M padre =15.62; t=11.40, p<.001, respectivamente). Por último, en relación con la variable sexo, se observa que existen diferencias significativas siendo los chicos los que afirman recibir más castigos físicos y verbales que las chicas, tanto por las madres (M chicas =12.12; M chicos =12.68; t=2.75, p<.05) como por los padres (M chicas =10.88; M chicos =12.62; t=8.08, p<.001).