Newspaper History

The Cradle Period of Ottoman Book Advertising (1831–1864)
This article examines how the rise of newspapers, periodicals and the spread of printing technology, together with newspapers and book advertisements, strategically shaped the early book market, turning books into visible and tangible commodities.

Жуков Сергій. До питання про рівень життя земських учителів
Харківської губернії (друга половина ХІХ − початок ХХ
століття. Стаття присвячена аналізу якості життя земських
учителів Харківської губернії у другій половині ХІХ − на початку
ХХ століття. Охарактеризовано основні джерела доходів, умови
життя і праці сільських педагогів, а також діяльність земства і
уряду, спрямовану на підвищення соціального статусу народного
учителя. Ключові слова: рівень життя, земський учитель, народна
школа, земство.
Zhukov Sergiy. On the Issue of the Zemski Teacher’s Living
Standards in the Kharkiv Province in the second part of the 19th − at
the beginning of the 20th Centuries. The article is devoted to the
problem of the analysis of the living standards of the Kharkiv
province’s zemski teachers in the second part of the 19th − at the
beginning of the 20th centuries. The main sources of the revenue of the
teacher’s have been characterized; their living & working conditions
have been analyzed. The activities of the government and selfgovernment
aimed at increasing of the social status of the people’s
teachers have been described. Keywords: living standards, peasant
school, teachers, zemstvo.

The worldwide newspaper The Times does not change its principles even in XXI century. Its managing editor George Brock (1981-2008) considers that we do not have to expect that even such a respectable newspaper as The Times will be able to maintain status quo. He states: "Every newspaper tries to change a chemical process without exploding a laboratory. A newspaper should match with society's character and a reader's taste". The Times was the first newspaper that chose this title. It was established on January 1, 1785. At that period it was named as "The Daily Universal Register". In 1788 it was renamed as "The Times of Universal Register". Later, the title was shortened and the newspaper was called simply "The Times". In 1981 The Times faced a hard period. It was losing readers and advertisement income. Namely at that period Rupert Murdoch's News International bought The Times and The Sunday Times from Thomson. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill. After this, Murdoch made the decision to modernize The Times and save the British newspaper industry from "gloomy" Medieval darkness. Notwithstanding great competition, The Times, that is the origin of print media, still manages to be traditional and modern at the same time.

The turn of the twentieth century was a period of intense exploration and scientific activity on, and around the Antarctic continent. Most campaigns combined exploration and science in a comfortable alliance that produced results in both arenas. A core activity for most scientific programs was research into terrestrial

Louis Charles Bernacchi was a pioneer Antarctic expeditioner who made contributions in his capacity as a professional scientist on Borchgrevink's Southern Cross (1898-1900) and Scott's Discovery (1901 expeditions. He came from a European background but was raised in Tasmania, Australia. His two Antarctic expeditions followed training in astronomy and magnetic studies at Melbourne Observatory. He made a significant contribution to polar scientific fieldwork and to the production of official scientific reports of both expeditions. After Antarctica, he undertook various private expeditions to South Africa, South America and south-east Asia, after which he settled in England. Bernacchi left a literary legacy of three monographs and an edited compilation of Antarctic-science-related essays. His descendants are dispersed across the world and one branch of the family lives in the Canterbury district of New Zealand. Canterbury Museum, Christchurch has a significant collection of artefacts and manuscripts relating to Bernacchi's Antarctic expeditions. This article serves to supplement previous publications, to rectify biographical inaccuracies within them, to raise the profile of Bernacchi's significant contribution to early Antarctic expedition science and to acknowledge Bernacchi's connections with Australia and New Zealand.

A historical study of conceptual translation, examining "tanzimat" as understood in the pages of the first newspaper published in Baghdad, a Jewish lithographed paper in the Hebrew script. Through looking at a capacious conceptual meaning of "tanzimat" as "reforms" and a narrow conceptual meaning of it as "equal rights," this paper reveals the translation of empire and investment in civic practice by provincial cultural elites, particularly those from a nondominant religious community.

El Mundial de Brasil 2014 será recordado como el primer gran evento internacional que recibió el intercambio digital informativo de las redes sociales, pues fue el primero en desarrollarse en la madurez plena de esos instrumentos. A lo largo de este texto se ofrecerá una visión de la importancia que revistió el fenómeno mundialista en Facebook y Twitter, particularmente en México en el caso de esa segunda red social.

The document aims to reconstruct the postal historical events that took place in the Province of Parma and in Lunigiana during the period of the Italian Social Republic and the end of the Kingdom of Italy, through the analysis of circulars issued by the various Directorates of Posts and Telegraphs in Northern Italy. It gathers all the information that was gradually disseminated to clarify either the availability of postal services in those territories or, more simply, whether they were still considered part of occupied Italy or of liberated Italy.

Biographie d'Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho (1936-2021).
Adulé dans le Portugal révolutionnaire, respecté comme "le cerveau du 25 Avril", Otelo a suscite des haines tenaces. Controversé, son rôle durant le processus révolutionnaire lui a attiré de féroces critiques. Figure de proue des capitaines d'Avril, avant d'apparaître comme "un Robin des Bois de la politique", Oscar du 25 Avril, il imagine un "Projet Global", projet chimérique qui fait de lui une sorte de chevalier errant, emprisonné cinq ans pour avoir été associé aux actions terroristes des FP-25. Otelo a été la voix d'une révolution dont il a incarné une voie autre que celle qui l'a finalement emportée.

This article focuses on Prince Napoleon’s journey to Istanbul
as an example of social and diplomatic visibility during the
Crimean War. The details of this journey are presented using primary sources, archival documents and newspapers. Despite existing studies in Turkish literature, this article presents a revised
approach by incorporating new details derived from English and
French periodicals, as well as unused Ottoman archival documents. Prince Napoleon, heir to the throne of France and cousin of Emperor Napoleon III, came to Istanbul in an era when
France and England were allied with the Ottoman Empire in the
Crimean War. The Prince’s visit, therefore, served as both a symbol of the alliance and a demonstration of their commitment
to the war effort. Prince Napoleon met with key figures in the
Ottoman Empire and engaged with the Francophone community in Istanbul. Furthermore, he visited the front lines and participated in the military campaign. In conclusion, Prince Napoleon’s
journey offers vivid impressions of Istanbul during the Crimean
War period. Moreover, this visit provided the Ottomans with an
opportunity to display Tanzimat-era modernization practices to
Europe, as well as the transformations in social and political life

The review article examines the emergence and acceleration of Finland’s economic growth from the mid-19th century to the Second World War from the perspectives of political economy and Marxist theory. The point of departure is that economic growth is not merely a quantitative phenomenon, but the result of a qualitative transformation of the economic system. The analysis focuses on the transition from a traditional economy based on subsistence agriculture to a capitalist market economy. The theoretical framework is based on Karl Marx’s concept of primitive accumulation, which is used to examine changes in property relations, the formation of a free wage labor force, the accumulation of monetary wealth, and the role of the state and institutions. The article demonstrates that key preconditions for Finland’s economic growth were the availability of cheap labor, the concentration of capital, and the expansion of market production. The findings challenge economic history growth research, modernization theories, and institutional interpretations, and emphasize the social and political conditions of economic growth.

This final volume offers a complete, chronological collection of the International News Summary issued by Headquarters, United States Forces in the Philippines, from March 15 to April 12, 1942. Created under siege conditions on Bataan and Corregidor, these daily newsletters included operational updates, global war reports, and morale messages for American and Filipino troops. Standardized from the primary NARA archival scans, this edition preserves the newsletters as both historical artifacts and a continuous narrative, providing insight into wartime communication, information control, and the psychological aspects of resistance during the first five months of World War II.

Part 2 continues the newsletters from Part 1 and offers a complete, chronological collection of the International News Summary issued by Headquarters, United States Forces in the Philippines, from December 26, 1941, to April 12, 1942. Created under siege conditions on Bataan and Corregidor, these daily newsletters included operational updates, global war reports, and morale messages for American and Filipino troops. Standardized from the primary NARA archival scans, this edition preserves the newsletters as both historical artifacts and a continuous narrative, providing insight into wartime communication, information control, and the psychological aspects of resistance during the first five months of World War II.

For the first time, this volume centers the rich but little known history of radical Jewish politics in the Middle East and North Africa and puts it into conversation with developments in the Americas, South Africa, Soviet Asia, and Europe. Jews were attracted to radical politics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to transform the societies they lived in but also out of a deep desire to belong. Somewhat paradoxically, then, radical politics held out the enticing possibility of normalization for Jews, even as it frequently resulted in their further alienation or persecution. In some cases, Jewish radicals sought recognition and autonomy as Jews; in others, Jews labored to be accepted as full-fledged citizens of their home countries; in still others, they tried to escape Jewishness altogether.  Jewish experiences of modernity, colonialism, race, nationalism, emancipation, war, and migration, serve as the connective tissue that binds together radical Jewish politics from Baghdad to Buenos Aires.

Im 18. Jahrhundert konzentrierte sich der Medienraum Österreich unter der Enns hinsichtlich Produktion, Konsumtion und Distribution auf das Zentrum Wien. Im niederösterreichischen Umland entwickelten sich im ausgehenden 17. und beginnenden 18. Jahrhundert aber vereinzelt regionale Medienstandorte, die als Produktions- und Industriestandort für die kaiserliche Residenzstadt nicht unbedeutend waren. So existierten im niederösterreichischen Umland einige Papiermühlen, speziell das Viertel ober dem Manhartsberg und das Viertel unter dem Wienerwald traten dabei als bedeutsame Regionen in Erscheinung. Die niederösterreichischen Städte Krems, Retz, Horn und Wiener Neustadt kristallisierten sich im Untersuchungszeitraum als regionale Druckstandorte heraus. Poststationen, Wirts- und Gasthäuser sowie Wochen- und Jahrmärkte fungierten als wichtige Kommunikations- und Informationsumschlageplätze. Der fliegende und stationäre Buchhandel versorgte die frühneuzeitliche Medien-Öffentlichkeit mit akzidentiell sowie periodisch erscheinenden Druckwerken.


In the 18th century, the media space of Austria under the Enns was undoubtedly concentrated on the centre of Vienna in terms of production, consumption, and distribution. Nevertheless, in the Lower Austrian hinterland, regional media locations developed in the late 17th and early 18th century which were not insignificant as a production and industrial location for the imperial capital. For example,  several paper mills existed in the Lower Austrian hinterland, with the Quarter over the Manhartsberg (today’s “Waldviertel”) and the Quarter under the Wienerwald (today’s “Industrieviertel”) in particular emerging as significant regions. The Lower Austrian towns of Krems, Retz, Horn, and Wiener Neustadt emerged in the course of the 18th century as regional printing locations. Post offices, inns and taverns, and weekly and annual markets functioned as important communication and information hubs. The flying and stationary book trade supplied the early modern media public with both ad-hoc and periodical printed works.

Das niederösterreichische Umland war im Mediensystem der Frühen Neuzeit bereits wohl integriert, taucht es doch regelmäßig als Berichterstattungsort auf, über den in Zeitungen, die in den Druckzentren des Heiligen Römischen Reiches bzw. in Wien erschienen, regelmäßig berichtet wurde. Zeitungen wie das Wien(n)erische Diarium und der Posttägliche Mercurius fungierten im gesamten 18. Jahrhundert als wichtige Informationsquellen und Kommunikationskanäle, über die sich die Medien-Öffentlichkeit über aktuelle politische und gesellschaftsrelevante Prozesse, Entwicklungen und Geschehnisse informieren konnte. Diese Medien-Öffentlichkeit bestand aber nicht nur aus einer städtisch-bürgerlichen sowie adeligen Schicht, sondern inkludierte ebenfalls den zeitgenössisch bezeichneten „gemeinen Mann“. Insbesondere durch die in der Hauptstadt, aber auch in den kleineren, regionalen Druckorten produzierte Flugpublizistik erreichten Medieninhalte und Neuigkeiten das niederösterreichische Umland.


The Lower Austrian hinterland was already well integrated into the early modern media system, regularly appearing as a reporting location in newspapers published in the printing centres of the Holy Roman Empire or in Vienna. Throughout the 18th century, newspapers such as the Wien(n)erische Diarium and the Posttägliche Mercurius functioned as important sources of information and channels of communication through which the public sphere could learn about current political and socially relevant processes, developments, and events. This public sphere, however, comprised not only the urban bourgeoisie and the aristocracy, but also the contemporary “common man”. Media content and news reached the Lower Austrian countryside especially in the form of broadsheets and pamphlets, which were produced in the capital but also in the smaller, regional print towns.

The study describes the diplomatic negotiations leading to the anti-ottoman Hungarian-Venetian-Papal alliance of 1501, based on until now unknown sources. The registry contains relations written by two Venetian ambassadors from Buda between 1500 and 1502, which were sent to Venice weekly, but sometimes more frequently. The ambassadors’ reports not only recorded the tough diplomatic negotiations, but also give us an insight into the workings of Venice’s information network and the life of the court in Buda, which became a centre of international diplomacy during this period. The greatest achievement of the study is that, in addition to the excerpted version so far available, we have the authentic text of the treaty of the anti-Ottoman alliance of 1501.

The Translocalis project is a digital humanities initiative dedicated to uncovering and analyzing “local letters” (paikalliskirjeet) published in Finnish-language newspapers from the early 19th century through the 1920s. These readers’ letters, often authored by anonymous or pseudonymous local correspondents, provided unique experiential insights into everyday life across Finland during its first modernization period. Despite their popularity and abundance in the press, local letters were marginalized by both contemporary elites and later historical research, largely due to their hybrid genre, limited accessibility, and perceived low cultural value. As a result, they have remained largely invisible in both archives and scholarship, even though they represent the first substantial body of source material written by Finnish-speaking individuals in Finland.

The initial phase of the Translocalis project (1820–1885) involved the manual collection of 72,000 local letters from Finnish-language newspapers. Research assistants systematically reviewed every issue published up to 1885, creating a comprehensive, searchable database now available through the Finnish National Library’s digital collections. This corpus has enabled new historical, linguistic, and cultural analyses of local experience and communication in Finland.

However, the rapid expansion of the Finnish-language press after 1885 made manual collection unfeasible for subsequent decades. The current phase of the project seeks to expand Translocalis into the 1920s by leveraging digital methods and machine learning. The manually collected corpus now serves as training data for developing models capable of identifying similar texts in large-scale digitized newspaper corpora. The project aims to recover marginalized textual forms that are often overlooked by metadata and search algorithms, thereby making these voices accessible for further study.

Key elements of the poster include:
• A definition of the local letter phenomenon for an international audience unfamiliar with Finnish press culture.
• Criteria for identifying local letters, such as locative place names in titles, the presence of dates, pseudonyms, and expressions of local experience (e.g., “here,” “in our parish”).
• A methodology that combines manual annotation with machine learning to detect relevant texts in digitized newspaper corpora.
• Visualization of the recognition logic and examples of identified letters.
• An expansion plan to extend the database into the early 20th century, capturing the evolution of local discourse during Finland’s modernization and political transformation.

The project’s relevance to DHNB 2026 is closely tied to the conference theme, “Lost in Abundance.” Translocalis directly addresses the tension between digital abundance and invisibility by recovering texts that were once plentiful but are now digitally hidden. The project also raises broader questions about genre, metadata, and the challenges of making non-canonical sources visible in the digital age.

Looking ahead, the poster outlines a roadmap for expanding Translocalis into the 1920s. This includes technical adaptations to new newspaper layouts and linguistic shifts, integration with other cultural heritage platforms (such as Time Machine Europe), and potential applications in teaching, public history, and citizen science. By combining traditional scholarship with digital innovation, Translocalis seeks to illuminate the everyday voices of Finland’s past and contribute to broader discussions about abundance, marginality, and digital recovery in the humanities.

References
Heikki Kokko, Translocalis Database. Digital Collections of the National Library of Finland 2023. https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/collections?id=742. Accessed 27 October 2025.
Kokko, H. (2024). Village Gossips or Voice of the People? The Culture of Letters to the Press in the Grasp of Transnational Ideologies in Mid-1800s Finland. In J. Kortti & H. Kurvinen (Eds.), Mediated Ideologies: Nordic Views on the History of the Press and Media Cultures (pp. 3–20). Vernon Press.
Kokko, H. (2024). The Construction of Early Social Citizenship: The Lived Institution of Poor Relief in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Finland. In J. Annola, H. Lindberg & P. Markkola (Eds.), Lived Institutions as History of Experience. Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38956-6_5
Kokko, H. (2022). From Local to Translocal Experience: The Nationwide Culture of Letters to the Press in Mid-1800s Finland. Media History, 28(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2021.1961575
Kokko, H. (2021). Temporalization of Experiencing – First-Hand Experience of the Nation in Mid-Nineteenth Century Finland. In V. Kivimäki, S. Suodenjoki & T. Vahtikari (Eds.), Lived Nation as the History of Experiences and Emotions in Finland, 1800–2000 (pp. 109–134). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69882-9_5

Heikki Kokon artikkeli tarkastelee 1800-luvun puolivälissä syntyneen suomenkielisen lehdistön paikalliskirjeilmiön historiografiaa. Paikalliskirjeet olivat ainutlaatuinen varhaisen kansalaisyhteiskunnan ja vuorovaikutteisen tiedonvälityksen muoto, jossa tavalliset kansalaiset kirjoittivat valtakunnallisiin lehtiin oman paikallisyhteisönsä nimissä. Vaikka ilmiö oli omana aikanaan erittäin laaja ja kasvatti merkittävästi suomenkielisen lehdistön levikkiä, se jäi pitkälti perinteisen historiankirjoituksen marginaaliin. Fennomaaninen sivistyneistö piti kansan omaehtoista kirjoittelua liian rahvaanomaisena, eikä se sopinut 1800-luvun lopun transnationaaliseen, korkeakulttuuria korostavaan nationalismin ihanteeseen.

Artikkeli osoittaa, että vasta 2000-luvulla Kansalliskirjaston sanomalehtiaineistojen digitalisointi sekä paikalliskirjeitä kokoavan Translocalis-tietokannan perustaminen toivat ilmiön kunnolla historiantutkijoiden saavutettavaksi. Nykytutkimuksessa paikalliskirjekulttuuri on alettu nähdä keskeisenä osana Suomen demokratisoitumisen yhteiskunta- ja kulttuurihistoriaa. Se toimi eräänlaisena aikansa sosiaalisena mediana, joka mahdollisti yhteiskunnallisen osallistumisen alhaalta ylöspäin ja loi uudenlaisen tietokanavan vallanpitäjien ja kansan välille.

This paper repositions Benjamin Franklin not merely as a satirist or statesman, but as a pioneering media strategist whose writings shaped public opinion through calculated placement and carefully engineered authenticity proxies. Challenging the view that his late satires descended into dark, purposeless outbursts, the study argues that Franklin never abandoned utility. Instead, he adapted tone, genre, and shock value to specific political moments and audiences, deploying a flexible rhetorical repertoire rather than progressing from gentle wit to bitterness.
By situating these texts within Franklin’s broader career as printer, newspaper owner, and propagandist, the study shows that his notion of “industry” included not only personal improvement and public service but also the industrious promotion of ideas. His hoaxes—fabricated news delivered through credible narrative disguises—exemplify his mastery of format, venue, and audience engagement. Seen through this lens, Franklin emerges as a sophisticated architect of ideological marketing whose satirical interventions were consistently strategic, not merely expressive.

Negli ultimi cinque anni sono venute alla luce quasi cento interviste perdute e dimenticate date dal drammaturgo tedesco Bertolt Brecht. La loro pubblicazione nel febbraio del 2023 lo ha reso uno dei praticanti più dotati e creativi di una forma che presto sarebbe diventata parte centrale della professione di scrittore in tutto il mondo. Ma la prima conversazione di Brecht con un giornalista fu tutt’altro che di buon auspicio. Come registrò la sua assistente Elisabeth Hauptmann dopo l’incontro: «Ieri Brecht è stato intervistato da un uomo del Secolo. Dice che l’italiano è un idiota, nient’altro che emozioni dall’inizio alla fine – semplicemente un idiota.» Grazie all’accesso al Secolo reso possibile dalla digitalizzazione in corso presso FSU (https://ilsecolo.lib.fsu.edu/), e la conseguente riscoperta dell’identità dell’«uomo del Secolo», oggi sappiamo che il sommario giudizio di Brecht non rende giustizia né a Raimondo Collino Pansa, il poeta e giornalista corrispondente da Berlino del quotidiano Il Secolo a metà degli anni Venti, né al significato del loro deludente incontro. Ciò che emerge invece è un’immagine della difficile imbricatura di teatro, mezzi di informazione e politica nel periodo tra le due guerre, e dei problemi e delle potenzialità offerte dalle nuove forme giornalistiche per lo scambio letterario transnazionale. Nonostante il suo stesso fallimento, l’intervista di Collino Pansa a Brecht mostra come funzionassero le interviste e i rituali di appuntamento, preparazione, conversazione e trascrizione che, anche ai loro stessi partecipanti, sembravano ancora malleabili e strani. Esaminare queste pratiche al momento del loro consolidamento può fornirci nuovi elementi su uno degli sviluppi storici mediatici centrali del 20° secolo e, forse, sulla (dis-)funzionalità della nostra «società dell’intervista» (Atkinson e Silverman). Più di ogni altra cosa, questo improbabile incontro ci offre una finestra su un momento paradossale nel tempo: anche se l’illustre Secolo si incamminava al declino nell’Italia fascista, contribuì a lanciare la carriera internazionale di uno dei giovani drammaturghi più grandi e radicali della Germania.

Central to the analysis, in this study, are three archival Viennese registers from the 1820s, documenting Ottoman subjects present in the Habsburg hereditary lands, that is, the core territories historically ruled directly by the Habsburg dynasty. Recently converted into a dataset of nearly seven thousand Ottoman individuals, these registers offer detailed information
spanning five decades. Although originally intended to cover the hereditary
lands, the data reveals far-reaching mobility patterns, spanning a wide geographical area that connects diverse regions across Europe, Anatolia, the Middle East, and North Africa. The first part of the article examines general mobility patterns, uncovering the dynamics of
these cross-border Ottoman movements and their role in transimperial networks. In the second part, the focus narrows to mobility related to Trieste, employing it as a case study to illustrate how archival records from border regions can provide insights into wider transregional
and cross-border connections. The findings challenge traditional views of borders as rigid lines, presenting them instead as dynamic spaces of interaction and influence. By incorporating mobility into transimperial histories, this study highlights the transformative role of borderlands and their records in reshaping historical narratives, moving beyond conventional territorial frameworks.

Çalışma Giriş, Ana metin ve Sonuç kısmından oluşmaktadır. Ana metinde etrafında dönemin büyük aydınlarını toplamış Hayat gazetesinin yayına başlaması, faaliyeti, sansür kurulu tarafından yayınına yaratılan zorluklar, yayın zamanı karşılaştığı çeşitli sorunlar ve gazetenin kapatılmasının nedenleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Hayat gazetesi Azerbaycan halkının sosyal, kültürel fikir tarihinde büyük rol oynamış ve saçtığı tohumlar behresiz kalmamıştır. Hayat halka özgürlük yolunu göstermiştir. Gazete Türk ve Müslümanların milli uyanışı ile aynı zamanda meydana çıkmış ve bu uyanışın devamlı sürece dönüşmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak Azerbaycan basın tarihinde ilk günlük gazete olarak kalan Hayat`ın Azerbaycan Türklerine yeni nefes, yeni ruh verdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Ali bey Hüseynzade`nin neredeyse tüm yazılarında Azerbaycan Türklerini yeni bir hayata hazırlamak, milli kimliğini atırlatmak, Rus ve Fars esaretinden, Ermeni fitnesinden korumak istediği açıkca görülmektedir. Çalışmada gazete, kitap ve dergi olmak üzere 15’e yakın kaynak kullanılmıştır.

Previous studies had looked at the economic impact of migration, migrants' use of social services, multiculturalism or ethno racial considerations, migrants as security threats, and representations of migrants in the media but how the audience perceive these media representations could influence public opinion of people about the migrants. This work therefore interrogates the Readers perception of Newspaper reports on Nigerian Migrants in Libya. The study adopted the survey design to study the federal civil servants in the South East and South-South zones of Nigeria. The study found that more than half of the stories were perceived by the audience to be non-sensational. Several others were also found to be either negatively reported against the migrants or negatively reported against the government but majority of the migrant stories was perceived to be unfavourably reported by the Nigerian newspapers. The stories were relatively scarce and majority of the audience were uncomfortable with the way the Nigerian newspapers represented the migrants on the newspapers. Also, they predominantly perceived condition of the migrants is repatriation or deportation from Libya. The study concludes that the audience of the migrant stories in Nigerian Newspapers have multiplicity of other media channels through which they obtain such kinds of information apart from the newspapers. The study recommends that the Nigerian government may consider providing good living conditions for the youth as part of measures of curtailing their migration to Libya in search of greener pastures; the relevant government agencies and Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) may organise some sensitization and enlightenment programs targeted at counselling Nigerians on the dangers of irregular migration and the Nigerian newspapers should be encouraged to always give adequate coverage to issues of national interest especially migration

В статье анализируются проблемы, с которыми столкнулись губернские публичные библиотеки во второй половине 1850-х гг., отразившиеся в ежегодных отчетах губернаторов на имя императора. Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью взглянуть на проблему функционирования губернских публичных библиотек с привлечением нового типа источников-губернаторских отчетов. Публичные библиотеки в губернских городах стали открываться в России по предложению адмирала Н. С. Мордвинова после 1830 г. Однако изначально они были поставлены в достаточно непростые условия: их финансирование было полностью возложено правительством на местные общества, которые делали это неохотно и в недостаточных объемах. Хроническое безденежье губернских библиотек влекло за собой и другие проблемы: ограниченность библиотечного фонда, сложности с наймом и содержанием персонала и т. п. После ужесточения цензуры (с 1848 г.) многие губернские публичные библиотеки и вовсе фактически прекратили функционировать. Их возрождение началось лишь после вступления на престол Александра II, когда правительство обратило пристальное внимание на распространение образования и повышение общего культурного уровня населения, особенно в регионах. В губернаторских отчетах рассматриваемой эпохи публичным библиотекам уделялось достаточно много внимания, что и позволяет проанализировать те проблемы, с которыми сталкивались губернские публичные библиотеки в то время. Проведенное исследование показало, что положение губернских публичных библиотек накануне отмены крепостного права было амбивалентным: с одной стороны, налицо была позитивная тенденция: открывались новые библиотеки, возрождались старые; с другой-все предыдущие проблемы, присущие губернским публичным библиотекам (прежде всего финансовая), решены так и не были. Ключевые слова: губернские публичные библиотеки, губернаторы, великие реформы, МВД, Российская империя.
The article analyzes the problems faced by provincial public libraries in the second half of the 1850s, reflected in the annual reports of governors to the emperor. The relevance of the topic is determined by the necessity to look at the problem of functioning of provincial public libraries with the involvement of a new type of sources – in this case, governor's reports. Public libraries in provincial towns began to be opened in Russia, at the suggestion of Admiral N.S. Mordvinov, after 1830. However, they were initially placed in rather difficult conditions: their financing was entirely entrusted by the government to local societies, which did so reluctantly and insufficiently. The chronic lack of money in provincial libraries also caused other problems: limited library funds, difficulties in hiring and maintaining staff, etc. After the tightening of censorship (since 1848), many provincial public libraries actually ceased to function. Their revival began only after the accession to the throne of Alexander II, when the government paid close attention to the spread of education and raising the general cultural level of the population, especially in the regions. In the gubernatorial reports of the epoch under consideration, public libraries received a lot of attention, which allows us to analyze the problems faced by provincial public libraries at that time. The study showed that the situation of provincial public libraries on the eve of the abolition of serfdom was ambivalent: on the one hand, there was a positive trend – new libraries were opened and old ones were revived; on the other hand, all the previous problems inherent in provincial public libraries (first of all, financial) were not solved.

The significance of German artists to the history of art in the Netherlands is considerable and has yet to be studied to its fullest. To this end, Volker Manuth has particularly endeavoured to uncover striking aspects of the ‘Nachleben’ of German art in the Low Countries. His research into Albrecht Dürer and Hans Holbein is especially noteworthy, whether in relation to the work of ‘neighbouring’ artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Peter Paul Rubens, or not. Essential to such research is insight into the seventeenth-century practice of collecting, borrowing from or copying the work of Dürer and Holbein, but also Albrecht Altdorfer, Adam Elsheimer, Hans Rottenhammer, and Martin Schongauer. Apparently, seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish artists were far more inspired by their fifteenth- and sixteenth-century German counterparts than by their contemporary German colleagues. In fact, there are convincing clues that German Renaissance printmakers and painters were famous far beyond a limited group of artists and collectors. The newspapers of the day are a perfect source to reveal this lesser-known fact.

The first comprehensive study of the English-language press published in non-Anglophone countries
Takes an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the socio-cultural, economic and technological conditions of the emergence of this press
Illustrates the acceleration of transnational journalistic exchanges and the growing diversity of media culture
Provides a new understanding of the internationalisation of journalistic models and the globalisation of British culture
This volume explores the nineteenth-century transnational British press published in non-Anglophone countries across Europe, the Levant, the Mediterranean, Asia and Latin America during a key period of press development and of British expansionism. Edited by an international research team, the twenty-five original essays contribute significantly to recent periodicals scholarship by bringing under study long-ignored publications and analysing them within both their global and local historical, cultural, technological and journalistic contexts. Adopting an approach that focuses on networks, circulation and exchange to draw the outlines of this transnational press formation, it pays special attention to the international trajectories and intercultural competencies of their editors and staff, the function this press fulfilled for the British expatriate communities and their host societies and its status within the local, British and global media ecosystems. In turn, it highlights the circulation and adaptation of press models across borders and broadens our understanding of what constituted the nineteenth-century British press.

The various forms of history writing of Early Modern Ottoman Europe were never the object of a comprehensive or comparative approach. The aim of the present volume is to fill in this major gap. Leading specialists in the field, many of them being Brill authors, have joined forces in an attempt to reflect the diversity of history writing in the Ottoman Empire, in its European part.

An enigmatic interior scene painted by Leiden artist Frans van Mieris I (1635-1681) in 1676 has been identified since the nineteenth century as a ‘woman reading a letter’, a subject in keeping with other highly popular depictions of women with love letters in Dutch genre painting. As this article demonstrates, however, the sheet of paper she holds in her hands is not a written letter but a printed newspaper, more specifically an edition of the Oprechte Haarlemse Courant – one of the most widely read and international news sources published in the Low Countries.

Dutch seventeenth-century artists seldomly represented the subject of news reading with a focus on female readership. Yet the gathering of news had become increasingly popular among both women and men of this time, as well as across diverse social classes. News sharing, an act in which women were involved, was a way to stay informed about the world, while also contributing to a culture of leisure and sociability. Its depiction in the case of Van Mieris’ work poses a challenge to traditional interpretations of women’s prescriptive roles in Dutch genre painting. Women were regular consumers of the news and participated in a wider culture of learning and thought that has long gone unrecognized in art historical scholarship.

This article also draws attention to a long-overlooked subject: the depiction of newspaper readers among a group of genre painters and draftsmen, including Adriaen van Ostade, Jan Steen, and Cornelis Dusart. Noteworthy is the fact that these artists typically depicted the lower classes, in what was an inversion of actual newspaper reading practices, which appeared to be largely an elite affair. This discrepancy may reflect a particular interest among well-to-do collectors in artworks that portray a lower class: in this case, workers and peasants smoking and drinking while reading fleeting news.

Within this context, the originality of Van Mieris’ focus on a female newsreader from the upper class gains even more significance as it demonstrates his attempt to vary the tried-and-true motif of women reading letters. After all, the work reflects its times: the art of being ‘au courant’.

Los estudios en torno a las revistas se pueden realizar
desde diferentes perspectivas. En este trabajo se aborda primordialmente
desde la cultura visual y el diseño editorial, atendiendo
específicamente los elementos tipográficos, compositivos e imágenes,
y la relación de éstos con el contenido y la estructura gráfica
de la publicación. La manera en que se organiza el lenguaje
textual y visual en una revista es una forma de ver y producir el
mundo. En ese proceso de ver y recrear intervienen las metáforas
como rectoras de los modos de pensar y, por ende, de actuar. Por lo
anterior, en este trabajo se analizan los aspectos materiales de una
revista para ver cómo los editores buscaban llevar la experiencia
e ideas de su proyecto editorial y gráfico en la Ciudad de México
durante los años treinta.
Tomando como caso de estudio la revista femenina Belleza,
identificamos cómo el concepto de cuerpo actúa con el mundo y cómo confiere materialidad a la existencia de las personas: la ciudad,
la arquitectura urbana, el cuerpo de la mujer, se conjugan y
resuenan con la composición, el diseño, las tipografías e imágenes
de la revista. Esa resonancia de contenidos y forma visuales repercutieron
en las lectoras de dicha revista, mediante un ejercicio
metafórico de imaginarse una forma de ser y estar en el mundo de
su tiempo histórico.

Artykuł poświęcony jest postaci wybitnego chemika i biochemika, docenta Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Augustyna Wróblewskiego (1866-1913) oraz jego działalności prasowo-wydawniczej, dziennikarskiej i redakcyjnej – był założycielem i redaktorem dwutygodnika „Czystość” (1905-1909), miesięcznika „Przyrodniczy Pogląd na Świat i Ludzi” (1912) i tygodnika „Sprawa Robotnicza” (1912). Artykuł obok zarysu biografii Wróblewskiego zawiera analizę jego ostatniego opublikowanego tekstu Czarna lista agentów prowokatorów polskich zamieszczonego 1 IX 1913 r. na łamach swojego pisma anarcho-syndykalistycznego „Sprawa Robotnicza”, w którym podał nazwiska domniemanych agentów carskiej „Ochrany”. Owa lista zawierała w znacznej mierze spis dawnych współpracowników, członków rodziny, bliskich Wróblewskiemu niegdyś osób, których oczernił w ten sposób bez jasnego powodu. Nawet polscy anarcho-syndykaliści odcięli się od tej publikacji. Jak stwierdził Autor artykułu, Wróblewski pożegnał się tą publikacją ze w...

Značajke prvog desetljeća 21. stoljeća u hrvatskoj književnopovijesnoj i teatrološkoj misli o dopreporodnoj drami ponajbolje će najaviti upravo Krležini dani iz 2000. godine pod nazivom: Hrvatska dramska književnost i kazalište – inventura milenija. U tom razdoblju zasigurno se kao zasebna cjelina može izdvojiti niz znanstvenih publikacija nastalih prigodom proslave petstote obljetnice rođenja Marina Držića kojim se njegovo stvaralaštvo iznova afirmira i kanonizira. S druge pak strane, uvidom u ostalu raznovrsnu i bogatu znanstvenu produkciju (članci, studije, zbornici, monografije, knjige) s početka novog milenija uočava se tendencija prema proučavanju nedovoljno istraženih područja i revidiranju postojećih teza. Ovim radom ukazuje se kako primjena različitih analitičkih paradigmi, od tradicionalnih filoloških, književnokomparativnih, književnopovijesnih i teatroloških do interdisciplinarnih književnoantropoloških pomaže u rasvjetljavanju uloge i značaja nedovoljno proučene starije kajkavske i slavonske drame, ali i manje poznatih aspekata ranononovovjekovnih dramskih žanrova iz dubrovačkog i hvarskog književnog kruga.

L eJournal de Michel Welter est un des documents historiques majeurs sur la Première Guerre mondiale au Luxembourg 1 .I le st d'autant plus important que dans la mémoire collective luxembourgeoise, la Première Guerre mondiale est en retrait par rapport àl aD euxième et par conséquent assez mal connue. C'est un texte hybride, àm i-chemin entre le journal littéraire et le document politique, qui évoque le positionnement marginal et précaire d'un pays coincé entre les nations belligérantes. Pour bien situer le Luxembourg àlaveille de la Première Guerre mondiale, il faut savoir que, depuis le Congrès de Vienne, le grand-duché est un État souverain et indépendant, membre de la Confédération germanique, en union personnelle avec les Pays-Bas. Cette décision de principe est renouvelée par la Conférence de Londres de 1839 àl as uite de l'émergence du Royaume de Belgique auquel la majeure partie du grand-duché s'était ralliée pour se soustraire au roi des Pays-Bas qui traitait le Luxembourg comme son fief personnel. Depuis 1867,l eL uxembourg bénéficie du statut de pays neutre. Cette neutralité non armée, liée au démantèlement de la forteresse, lui aé té imposée par la France, l'Autriche, la Grande-Bretagne, la Prusse et la Russie, réunies une nouvelle fois àL ondres, àl as uite de la tentative de Napoléon iii d'acheter le grand-duché, une initiative qui af ailli tourner àu na ffrontement armé franco-prussien.

“Um século de relações internacionais do Brasil, 1925-2025”,
in: André Heráclio do Rego e Mucio Aguiar (orgs.), Livro do Nordeste II (Recife, PE: Associação da Imprensa de Pernambuco, 2025, p. 141-157; ISBN: 978-85-5726-003-0).
Relação de Originais n. 4840; Relação de Publicados n. 1615.

Este texto analiza el proyecto político-comunicativo de Francisco de Montalvo, Capitán General de la Nueva Granada, durante la Restauración monárquica. Entre 1813 y 1817, Montalvo articuló desde Santa Marta un circuito informativo que conectaba puertos y agentes del Caribe y el Istmo, difundiendo noticias, bandos y gacetas para afianzar la legitimidad realista. Inspirado en la tradición periodística cubana, su lugar de origen concibió la prensa como instrumento para formar valores monárquicos y disciplinar conductas. La ausencia de una imprenta en Santa Marta lo llevó a recurrir a imprentas en Kingston, hasta que posterior al asedio de 1815, Cartagena se convirtió en la plataforma de difusión del ideario realista mediante la Gaceta del Gobierno de Cartagena. El análisis revela cómo prensa y opinión pública fueron ejes estratégicos para sostener el proyecto realista en el Caribe colombiano y el papel de esta figura enigmática.

Abstract : This paper deals with the issue of immigration in the discourse of the French far right in general and the National Rally in particular. It aims to present the image of migration and immigrants in this speech. The method of description and analysis is based on a collection of literature that dealt with the analysis of the migration discourse of Marine Le Pen, and those that dealt with the origin and development of this current and its political and ideological reference. The study concluded that the French far-right derives its ideas from counter-revolutionary literature and from the ideas of Charles Mauras and Pierre Paujade. French far-right rhetoric is based on a populist rhetoric strategy that makes immigration a threat to the nation's identity and criticism of government policies.
key words: Immigration, discourse, far right, National Rally, Le Pen

This article delves into the Republic of Colombia's emigration policies and émigrés' petitions to return to the new republican regime in the early 1820s. During the Spanish American Revolutions, thousands abandoned their homelands with the hope of eventually coming back. However, returning was not an easy endeavour. The influx of returnees sparked many questions for the nascent government. Consequently, émigrés and their relatives employed various strategies to facilitate the return of the former to Colombia. This article argues that the constant back-and-forth movements experienced by émigrés during the war allowed them to highlight the temporary condition of emigration and, therefore, to embrace or reject the status of émigrés strategically. Concerned by the doubts about their return, expatriates, many times, rejected the epithet of "émigré." Aware of the politicization of the term, they emphasised that they did not abandon the country out of political loyalty but out of fear. Furthermore, they appealed to ideas of belonging to the republic, family reunification, and national reconciliation to advocate for their return and formal recognition as Colombian citizens. In doing so, expatriates left the label of "émigré" behind, challenging the Colombian government's prior perception of emigration and promoting wider conceptions of republican citizenship.

Lenaert Jansz de Graeff, auch Lena(e)rt Jansz Graeff, Leendert de Graeff als auch Leonhard de Graeff (* 1525/30 in Amsterdam; † vor 1578 im Exil), der Patrizierfamilie De Graeff entstammend, war einer der reichsten Einwohner Amsterdams, Großhändler, Mitglied und „Unterstützer“ der Amsterdamer Reformierten und Geusen, Militär, sowie ein Freund und Mitstreiter des „Großen Geusen“ Heinrich von Brederode. De Graeff war als ein Kapitän der ‘Wassergeusen’ (niederländische Freiheitskämpfer gegen die spanischen Besatzer) an der für den niederländischen Aufstand bedeutsamen Eroberung von Brielle im Jahre 1572 beteiligt. Historische Bücher bezeichnen ihn nebst Admiral Wilhelm II. von der Mark und Kapitän Willem Bloys van Treslong als einen der drei Anführer der Wassergeusen. Sein Charakter und seine Freundschaft zu Brederode wurde in dem historischen Roman ‘De erfenis van de Grote Geus’ skizziert.