Lithuanian State Conservatory (Academy of Music) (1955). Doctor of musicology (1969). Professor (1978). Qualification as Doctor of Arts (1994).
Music teacher (since 1952). Politician, state official, parliamentarian (since 1990).
Chair of the Council of Lietuvos Sąjūdis (Lithuanian Movement) (1988-1990). Chair of Tėvynės Sąjunga (Lietuvos konservatorių partija) (Fatherland Union (Conservative Party of Lithuania)) (1993-2003). Member of the presidency of Tėvynės Sąjunga (from 2008: Tėvynės Sąjungos − Lietuvos krikščionys demokratai (Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats)), Chair of the party policy committee (since 2003).
Member of the council of the European Democrat Union (EDU) (2001). Member of the Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats (until 2009) and member of the group's bureau (since 2004).
Chair of the Supreme Council (Reconstituent Seimas (Parliament)) of the Republic of Lithuania (1990-1992). Member of the Seimas (Parliament) of the Republic of Lithuania, Leader of the Opposition (1992-1996). Chair of the Seimas (1996-2000). Member of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (2000-2004).
Head of State (1990-1992).
Observer at the European Parliament (2003-2004). Member of the European Parliament (since 2004).
Member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR (1989-1990). One of the leaders of the Council of the Baltic States (1990-1992). Member of the Baltic Assembly (1992-1996, 2000-2004). Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (1993-1996, 2000-2002). Founder of the Lithuanian-Polish Parliamentary Assembly (with the Chair of the Polish Parliament) (1997).
Member of musical organisations (since 1963). Member of Lietuvos Sąjūdis (since June 1988). Chair of the M. K. Čiurlionis Society (since 1987).
Honours: Norwegian People's Peace Prize (1991); Award of the French Fondation du Futur (1991); Riflemen's Star of the Union of Lithuanian Riflemen (1991); Hermann Ehlers Prize (Germany, 1992); Ninth International Ramon Llull Prize of the Catalonian Culture Congress Foundation (1994); Companion of the order of the German Order of Riflemen of St Sebastian Order (1995); Legion of Honour, second class (France, 1997); Vibo Valentia Testimony prize (Italy, 1998); Order of Grand Duke Vytautas, first class (Lithuania, 1998); Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (Grand Cross) (1998); Grand Cross of the Republic of Poland (1999); UNESCO medal (1999); Order of Merit (Grand Cross) of the Order of Malta (1999); Grand Cross Medal of Honour (Greece, 1999); Truman-Reagan Freedom Award of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation (1999); Order of La Pléiade of La Francophonie (France, 2000); Order of the Three Stars, second class (Latvia, 2001); Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, first class (Estonia, 2002); Order of Vytautas the Great and Constitutional Medal of the Parliament of the German Land of Saxony (2003); Robert Schuman Medal (2005); Charles IV Europe Medal (2007).
Parlement européen
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Parlement européen
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