Python requests post a query to graphql with variables

Question

I'm trying to get a list of offers for an item sold on opensea.io

def getHighestOffer(self):
    query = """query OrdersQuery(\n  $cursor: String\n  $count: Int = 10\n  $excludeMaker: IdentityInputType\n  $isExpired: Boolean\n  $isFilled: Boolean\n  $isValid: Boolean\n  $maker: IdentityInputType\n  $makerArchetype: ArchetypeInputType\n  $makerAssetIsPayment: Boolean\n  $takerArchetype: ArchetypeInputType\n  $takerAssetCategories: [CollectionSlug!]\n  $takerAssetCollections: [CollectionSlug!]\n  $takerAssetIsOwnedBy: IdentityInputType\n  $takerAssetIsPayment: Boolean\n  $sortAscending: Boolean\n  $sortBy: OrderSortOption\n  $makerAssetBundle: BundleSlug\n  $takerAssetBundle: BundleSlug\n) {\n  ...Orders_data_2g7x2d\n}\n\nfragment AccountLink_data on AccountType {\n  address\n  chain {\n    identifier\n    id\n  }\n  user {\n    publicUsername\n    id\n  }\n  ...ProfileImage_data\n  ...wallet_accountKey\n}\n\nfragment AskPrice_data on OrderV2Type {\n  dutchAuctionFinalPrice\n  openedAt\n  priceFnEndedAt\n  makerAssetBundle {\n    assetQuantities(first: 30) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          ...quantity_data\n          id\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    id\n  }\n  takerAssetBundle {\n    assetQuantities(first: 1) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          ...AssetQuantity_data\n          id\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment AssetCell_assetBundle on AssetBundleType {\n  assetQuantities(first: 2) {\n    edges {\n      node {\n        asset {\n          collection {\n            name\n            id\n          }\n          name\n          ...AssetMedia_asset\n          ...asset_url\n          id\n        }\n        relayId\n        id\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  name\n  slug\n}\n\nfragment AssetMedia_asset on AssetType {\n  animationUrl\n  backgroundColor\n  collection {\n    description\n    displayData {\n      cardDisplayStyle\n    }\n    imageUrl\n    hidden\n    name\n    slug\n    id\n  }\n  description\n  name\n  tokenId\n  imageUrl\n}\n\nfragment AssetQuantity_data on AssetQuantityType {\n  asset {\n    ...Price_data\n    id\n  }\n  quantity\n}\n\nfragment Orders_data_2g7x2d on Query {\n  orders(after: $cursor, excludeMaker: $excludeMaker, first: $count, isExpired: $isExpired, isFilled: $isFilled, isValid: $isValid, maker: $maker, makerArchetype: $makerArchetype, makerAssetIsPayment: $makerAssetIsPayment, takerArchetype: $takerArchetype, takerAssetCategories: $takerAssetCategories, takerAssetCollections: $takerAssetCollections, takerAssetIsOwnedBy: $takerAssetIsOwnedBy, takerAssetIsPayment: $takerAssetIsPayment, sortAscending: $sortAscending, sortBy: $sortBy, makerAssetBundle: $makerAssetBundle, takerAssetBundle: $takerAssetBundle) {\n    edges {\n      node {\n        closedAt\n        isFulfillable\n        isValid\n        oldOrder\n        openedAt\n        orderType\n        maker {\n          address\n          ...AccountLink_data\n          ...wallet_accountKey\n          id\n        }\n        makerAsset: makerAssetBundle {\n          assetQuantities(first: 1) {\n            edges {\n              node {\n                asset {\n                  assetContract {\n                    account {\n                      address\n                      chain {\n                        identifier\n                        id\n                      }\n                      id\n                    }\n                    id\n                  }\n                  id\n                }\n                id\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          id\n        }\n        makerAssetBundle {\n          assetQuantities(first: 30) {\n            edges {\n              node {\n                ...AssetQuantity_data\n                ...quantity_data\n                id\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          id\n        }\n        relayId\n        side\n        taker {\n          ...AccountLink_data\n          ...wallet_accountKey\n          id\n          address\n        }\n        takerAssetBundle {\n          assetQuantities(first: 1) {\n            edges {\n              node {\n                ...AssetQuantity_data\n                ...quantity_data\n                asset {\n                  ownedQuantity(identity: {})\n                  decimals\n                  symbol\n                  relayId\n                  assetContract {\n                    account {\n                      address\n                      id\n                    }\n                    id\n                  }\n                  id\n                }\n                quantity\n                id\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          id\n        }\n        ...AskPrice_data\n        ...orderLink_data\n        makerAssetBundleDisplay: makerAssetBundle {\n          ...AssetCell_assetBundle\n          id\n        }\n        takerAssetBundleDisplay: takerAssetBundle {\n          ...AssetCell_assetBundle\n          id\n        }\n        id\n        __typename\n      }\n      cursor\n    }\n    pageInfo {\n      endCursor\n      hasNextPage\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfragment Price_data on AssetType {\n  decimals\n  imageUrl\n  symbol\n  usdSpotPrice\n  assetContract {\n    blockExplorerLink\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment ProfileImage_data on AccountType {\n  imageUrl\n  address\n  chain {\n    identifier\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment asset_url on AssetType {\n  assetContract {\n    account {\n      address\n      chain {\n        identifier\n        id\n      }\n      id\n    }\n    id\n  }\n  tokenId\n}\n\nfragment orderLink_data on OrderV2Type {\n  makerAssetBundle {\n    assetQuantities(first: 30) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          asset {\n            externalLink\n            collection {\n              externalUrl\n              id\n            }\n            id\n          }\n          id\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment quantity_data on AssetQuantityType {\n  asset {\n    decimals\n    id\n  }\n  quantity\n}\n\nfragment wallet_accountKey on AccountType {\n  address\n  chain {\n    identifier\n    id\n  }\n}\n"""
    variables = {"cursor":None,"count":10,"excludeMaker":None,"isExpired":False,"isFilled":None,"isValid":True,"maker":None,"makerArchetype":None,"makerAssetIsPayment":True,"takerArchetype":{"assetContractAddress":"0x7c40c393dc0f283f318791d746d894ddd3693572","tokenId":"7722"},"takerAssetCategories":None,"takerAssetCollections":None,"takerAssetIsOwnedBy":None,"takerAssetIsPayment":None,"sortAscending":None,"sortBy":"MAKER_ASSETS_USD_PRICE","makerAssetBundle":None,"takerAssetBundle":None}
    response = requests.post('https://api.opensea.io/graphql/', json={'query': query},data=variables)
    print(response.text)

(In variables the "assetContractAddress" and "tokenId" are unique to the item.

However when I run this I get:

{"errors":[{"message":"Must provide query string."}]}

And if I don't use data=variables in requests.post I get:

{"errors":[{"message":"[400] One of taker_asset_categories, taker_asset_collections, maker, taker, maker, include_maker_assets, include_taker_assets, maker_assets, taker_assets, maker_asset_is_owned_by, taker_asset_is_owned_by, exclude_maker, maker_asset_bundle, taker_asset_bundle needs to be defined.","locations":[{"line":118,"column":3}],"path":["orders"]}],"data":{"orders":null}}

How can I use requests.post with the query and variables to get the proper response?

Thanks!

1. You should provide data or json, but not both, to requests.post(). 2. Read the documentation for the API you are trying to use to determine the correct data to pass to it. The error message gives you a hint about what is missing. — Code-Apprentice
– Code-Apprentice, Commented Apr 12, 2021 at 22:55
1. Thanks that's nice to know. 2. The documentation at api.opensea.io/graphql is not helping at all. I've got the query and the values of its variables but I can't see how I can link them with the query. — Thomas RATIU
– Thomas RATIU, Commented Apr 13, 2021 at 0:05

Bertrand Martel · Accepted Answer · 2021-04-13 02:07:00Z

You need to send the variables in the json data like this :

{
    "query": "your query",
    "variables": {
        "var1": "value1"
    }
}

checkout this

Example:

import requests

query = """query OrdersQuery(\n  $cursor: String\n  $count: Int = 10\n  $excludeMaker: IdentityInputType\n  $isExpired: Boolean\n  $isFilled: Boolean\n  $isValid: Boolean\n  $maker: IdentityInputType\n  $makerArchetype: ArchetypeInputType\n  $makerAssetIsPayment: Boolean\n  $takerArchetype: ArchetypeInputType\n  $takerAssetCategories: [CollectionSlug!]\n  $takerAssetCollections: [CollectionSlug!]\n  $takerAssetIsOwnedBy: IdentityInputType\n  $takerAssetIsPayment: Boolean\n  $sortAscending: Boolean\n  $sortBy: OrderSortOption\n  $makerAssetBundle: BundleSlug\n  $takerAssetBundle: BundleSlug\n) {\n  ...Orders_data_2g7x2d\n}\n\nfragment AccountLink_data on AccountType {\n  address\n  chain {\n    identifier\n    id\n  }\n  user {\n    publicUsername\n    id\n  }\n  ...ProfileImage_data\n  ...wallet_accountKey\n}\n\nfragment AskPrice_data on OrderV2Type {\n  dutchAuctionFinalPrice\n  openedAt\n  priceFnEndedAt\n  makerAssetBundle {\n    assetQuantities(first: 30) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          ...quantity_data\n          id\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    id\n  }\n  takerAssetBundle {\n    assetQuantities(first: 1) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          ...AssetQuantity_data\n          id\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment AssetCell_assetBundle on AssetBundleType {\n  assetQuantities(first: 2) {\n    edges {\n      node {\n        asset {\n          collection {\n            name\n            id\n          }\n          name\n          ...AssetMedia_asset\n          ...asset_url\n          id\n        }\n        relayId\n        id\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  name\n  slug\n}\n\nfragment AssetMedia_asset on AssetType {\n  animationUrl\n  backgroundColor\n  collection {\n    description\n    displayData {\n      cardDisplayStyle\n    }\n    imageUrl\n    hidden\n    name\n    slug\n    id\n  }\n  description\n  name\n  tokenId\n  imageUrl\n}\n\nfragment AssetQuantity_data on AssetQuantityType {\n  asset {\n    ...Price_data\n    id\n  }\n  quantity\n}\n\nfragment Orders_data_2g7x2d on Query {\n  orders(after: $cursor, excludeMaker: $excludeMaker, first: $count, isExpired: $isExpired, isFilled: $isFilled, isValid: $isValid, maker: $maker, makerArchetype: $makerArchetype, makerAssetIsPayment: $makerAssetIsPayment, takerArchetype: $takerArchetype, takerAssetCategories: $takerAssetCategories, takerAssetCollections: $takerAssetCollections, takerAssetIsOwnedBy: $takerAssetIsOwnedBy, takerAssetIsPayment: $takerAssetIsPayment, sortAscending: $sortAscending, sortBy: $sortBy, makerAssetBundle: $makerAssetBundle, takerAssetBundle: $takerAssetBundle) {\n    edges {\n      node {\n        closedAt\n        isFulfillable\n        isValid\n        oldOrder\n        openedAt\n        orderType\n        maker {\n          address\n          ...AccountLink_data\n          ...wallet_accountKey\n          id\n        }\n        makerAsset: makerAssetBundle {\n          assetQuantities(first: 1) {\n            edges {\n              node {\n                asset {\n                  assetContract {\n                    account {\n                      address\n                      chain {\n                        identifier\n                        id\n                      }\n                      id\n                    }\n                    id\n                  }\n                  id\n                }\n                id\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          id\n        }\n        makerAssetBundle {\n          assetQuantities(first: 30) {\n            edges {\n              node {\n                ...AssetQuantity_data\n                ...quantity_data\n                id\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          id\n        }\n        relayId\n        side\n        taker {\n          ...AccountLink_data\n          ...wallet_accountKey\n          id\n          address\n        }\n        takerAssetBundle {\n          assetQuantities(first: 1) {\n            edges {\n              node {\n                ...AssetQuantity_data\n                ...quantity_data\n                asset {\n                  ownedQuantity(identity: {})\n                  decimals\n                  symbol\n                  relayId\n                  assetContract {\n                    account {\n                      address\n                      id\n                    }\n                    id\n                  }\n                  id\n                }\n                quantity\n                id\n              }\n            }\n          }\n          id\n        }\n        ...AskPrice_data\n        ...orderLink_data\n        makerAssetBundleDisplay: makerAssetBundle {\n          ...AssetCell_assetBundle\n          id\n        }\n        takerAssetBundleDisplay: takerAssetBundle {\n          ...AssetCell_assetBundle\n          id\n        }\n        id\n        __typename\n      }\n      cursor\n    }\n    pageInfo {\n      endCursor\n      hasNextPage\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfragment Price_data on AssetType {\n  decimals\n  imageUrl\n  symbol\n  usdSpotPrice\n  assetContract {\n    blockExplorerLink\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment ProfileImage_data on AccountType {\n  imageUrl\n  address\n  chain {\n    identifier\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment asset_url on AssetType {\n  assetContract {\n    account {\n      address\n      chain {\n        identifier\n        id\n      }\n      id\n    }\n    id\n  }\n  tokenId\n}\n\nfragment orderLink_data on OrderV2Type {\n  makerAssetBundle {\n    assetQuantities(first: 30) {\n      edges {\n        node {\n          asset {\n            externalLink\n            collection {\n              externalUrl\n              id\n            }\n            id\n          }\n          id\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment quantity_data on AssetQuantityType {\n  asset {\n    decimals\n    id\n  }\n  quantity\n}\n\nfragment wallet_accountKey on AccountType {\n  address\n  chain {\n    identifier\n    id\n  }\n}\n"""
variables = {"cursor": None, "count": 10, "excludeMaker": None, "isExpired": False, "isFilled": None, "isValid": True, "maker": None, "makerArchetype": None, "makerAssetIsPayment": True, "takerArchetype": {"assetContractAddress": "0x7c40c393dc0f283f318791d746d894ddd3693572",
                                                                                                                                                                                                              "tokenId": "7722"}, "takerAssetCategories": None, "takerAssetCollections": None, "takerAssetIsOwnedBy": None, "takerAssetIsPayment": None, "sortAscending": None, "sortBy": "MAKER_ASSETS_USD_PRICE", "makerAssetBundle": None, "takerAssetBundle": None}
response = requests.post('https://api.opensea.io/graphql/',
    json={"query": query, "variables": variables}
)
print(response.text)

seems not to be working. Looks like Cloudflare has been set in as a protection layer.

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