It isn't possible to insert a new slide into a PowerPoint presentation at the moment. You can only navigate between existing slides using Document.goToByIdAsync().
It is possible to insert a text block or image into an existing slide however. This is done using the Document.setSelectedDataAsync() method.
For example:
function writeText() {
Office.context.document.setSelectedDataAsync("Hello World!",
function (asyncResult) {
var error = asyncResult.error;
if (asyncResult.status === Office.AsyncResultStatus.Failed) {
console.log(error.name + ": " + error.message);
}
});
}
PowerPoint has been notoriously behind the other Office applications in terms of Add-in API functionality. I would highly recommending visiting the UserVoice and adding your suggestions (and voting up others). This will be super helpful when it comes to making a case for future investment into PPT API functionality.