BNF Grammar for ISO/IEC 9075:1992 - Database Language SQL (SQL-92)

Cross-Reference: rules
Cross-Reference: keywords

Derived from file sql-92.bnf version 2.5 dated 2017/01/17 01:05:03
Generated on 2017-11-14 06:53:25+00:00 by file bnf2html.pl version 3.16 dated 2017/11/14 06:53:22

Using Appendix G of "Understanding the New SQL: A Complete Guide" by J Melton and A R Simon (Morgan Kaufmann, 1993, ISBN 0-55860-245-3) as the source of the syntax, here is (most of) the BNF syntax for SQL-92. The missing parts are the Cobol, Fortran, MUMPS, Pascal and PL/I variable definition rules.

The plain text version of this grammar is sql-92.bnf .

Key SQL Statements and Fragments

ALLOCATE CURSOR <allocate cursor statement>

ALTER DOMAIN <alter domain statement>

ALTER TABLE <alter table statement>

CLOSE cursor <close statement> <dynamic close statement>

Column definition <column definition>

COMMIT WORK <commit statement>

CONNECT <connect statement>

CREATE ASSERTION <assertion definition>

CREATE CHARACTER SET <character set definition>

CREATE COLLATION <collation definition>

CREATE DOMAIN <domain definition>

CREATE SCHEMA <schema definition>

CREATE TABLE <table definition>

CREATE TRANSLATION <translation definition>

CREATE VIEW <view definition>

Data type <data type>

DEALLOCATE PREPARE <deallocate prepared statement>

DECLARE cursor <declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor>

DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE <temporary table declaration>

DELETE <delete statement: positioned> <delete statement: searched> <dynamic delete statement: positioned>

DESCRIBE <describe statement>

DESCRIPTOR statements <system descriptor statement>

DISCONNECT <disconnect statement>

EXECUTE <execute statement>

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <execute immediate statement>

FETCH cursor <fetch statement> <dynamic fetch statement>

GET DIAGNOSTICS <get diagnostics statement>

GRANT <grant statement>

INSERT <insert statement>

Literal <literal>

MODULE <module>

OPEN cursor <open statement> <dynamic open statement>

PREPARE <prepare statement>

Preparable statement <preparable statement>

REVOKE <revoke statement>

ROLLBACK WORK <rollback statement>

Search condition <search condition>

SELECT <query specification>

SET CATALOG <set catalog statement>

SET CONNECTION <set connection statement>

SET CONSTRAINTS <set constraints mode statement>

SET NAMES <set names statement>

SET SCHEMA <set schema statement>

SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION <set session authorization identifier statement>

SET TIME ZONE <set local time zone statement>

SET TRANSACTION <set transaction statement>

UPDATE <update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched> <dynamic update statement: positioned>

Value expression <value expression>

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Basic Definitions of Characters Used, Tokens, Symbols, Etc.

<simple Latin upper case letter> ::=
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

<simple Latin lower case letter> ::=
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z

<digit> ::=
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

<space> ::= !! space character in character set in use

<double quote> ::= "

<percent> ::= %

<ampersand> ::= &

<quote> ::= '

<left paren> ::= (

<right paren> ::= )

<asterisk> ::= *

<plus sign> ::= +

<comma> ::= ,

<minus sign> ::= -

<period> ::= .

<solidus> ::= /

<colon> ::= :

<semicolon> ::= ;

<less than operator> ::= <

<equals operator> ::= =

<question mark> ::= ?

<underscore> ::= _

<vertical bar> ::= |

<left bracket> ::= [

<right bracket> ::= ]

<identifier start> [ { <underscore> | <identifier part> } ... ]

<identifier start> ::= !! See the Syntax rules

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Literal Numbers, Strings, Dates and Times

<digit> ...

<national character string literal> ::=
<quote> [ <character representation> ... ] <quote> [ { <separator> ... <quote> [ <character representation> ... ] <quote> }... ]

<nonquote character> ::= !! See the Syntax rules

<comment> | <space> | <newline> }...

<minus sign> <minus sign> [<minus sign >...]

<newline> ::= !! implementation defined end of line indicator

<bit string literal> ::=
<quote> [ <bit> ... ] <quote> [ { <separator> ... <quote> [ <bit> ... ] <quote> }... ]

<bit> ::= 0 | 1

<hex string literal> ::=
<quote> [ <hexit> ... ] <quote> [ { <separator> ... <quote> [ <hexit> ... ] <quote> }... ]

<digit> | A | B | C | D | E | F | a | b | c | d | e | f

<character string literal> ::=
[ <introducer> <character set specification> ] <quote> [ <character representation> ... ] <quote> [ { <separator> ... <quote> [ <character representation> ... ] <quote> }... ]

<delimited identifier part> ...

<nondoublequote character> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<SQL language identifier> ::=
<SQL language identifier start> [ { <underscore> | <SQL language identifier part> }... ]

<seconds integer value> [ <period> [ <seconds fraction> ] ]

<year-month literal>    ::=
         <years value>
     |     [ <years value> <minus sign> ] <months value>

<day-time interval> | <time interval>

<day-time interval> ::=
<days value> [ <space> <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] ]

<time-interval>    ::=
         <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ]
     |     <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ]
     |     <seconds value>

<greater than or equals operator> ::= >=

<less than or equals operator> ::= <=

<concatenation operator> ::= ||

<double period> ::= ..

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SQL Module

<module>    ::=
         <module name clause> <language clause> <module authorization clause>
         [ <temporary table declaration> ... ]
         <module contents> ...

<module name clause> ::=
<module name> ] [ <module character set specification> ]

<temporary table declaration> ::=
<qualified local table name> <table element list> [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE | DELETE } ROWS ]

<column definition> ::=
<column name> { <data type> | <domain name> } [ <default clause> ] [ <column constraint definition> ... ] [ <collate clause> ]

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Data Types

<character string type>    ::=
         <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]

<national character string type>    ::=
         <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]

<bit string type>    ::=
         <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]

<approximate numeric type>    ::=
         <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ]
     |     REAL
     |     DOUBLE PRECISION

<datetime type> ::=
<left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ] [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ] [ WITH TIME ZONE ]

<start field> ::=
<non-second datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]

<non-second datetime field> ::= YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE

<end field>    ::=
         <non-second datetime field>
     | <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> <right paren> ]

<single datetime field>    ::=
         <non-second datetime field> [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]
     | <left paren> <interval leading field precision> [ <comma> <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> ] <right paren> ]

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Literals

<current date value function> ::= CURRENT_DATE

<left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]

<left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]

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Constraints

<column constraint definition> ::=
[ <constraint name definition> ] <column constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ]

<unique specification> ::= UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY

<references specification> ::=
<referenced table and columns> [ <match type> ] [ <referential triggered action> ]

<table name> [ <left paren> <reference column list> <right paren> ]

<column name> [ { <comma> <column name> }... ]

<match type> ::= FULL | PARTIAL

<referential triggered action>    ::=
         <update rule> [ <delete rule> ]
     |     <delete rule> [ <update rule> ]

<referential action> ::= CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT | NO ACTION

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Search Condition

<boolean primary> [ <truth value> ]

<parameter name> [ <indicator parameter> ]

<embedded variable name> [ <indicator variable> ]

<Ada host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<C host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<Cobol host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<Fortran host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<MUMPS host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<Pascal host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<PL/I host identifier> ::= !! See syntax rules

<set function type> ::= AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT

<set quantifier> ::= DISTINCT | ALL

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Queries

<non-join query expression> | <joined table>

<non-join query expression>    ::=
         <non-join query term>
     |     <query expression> <corresponding spec> ] <query term>
     |     <query expression> <corresponding spec> ] <query term>

<non-join query term>    ::=
         <non-join query primary>
     |     <query term> <corresponding spec> ] <query primary>

<select list>    ::=
         <asterisk>
     |     <select sublist> [ { <comma> <select sublist> }... ]

<value expression> [ <as clause> ]

<table expression>    ::=
         <from clause>
         [ <where clause> ]
         [ <group by clause> ]
         [ <having clause> ]

<table reference> [ { <comma> <table reference> }... ] Note that <correlation specification> does not appear in the ISO/IEC grammar. The notation is written out longhand several times, instead.

<correlation specification> ::=
[ <correlation name> [ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ]

<qualified join> ::=
<table reference> [ <join type> ] <table reference> [ <join specification> ]

<join type>    ::=
         <outer join type> [ OUTER ]
     | UNION

<outer join type> ::= LEFT | RIGHT | FULL

<grouping column reference list> ::=
<grouping column reference> [ { <comma> <grouping column reference> }... ]

<column reference> [ <collate clause> ]

<row value constructor> [ { <comma> <row value constructor> }... ]

<non-join query term> | <joined table>

<left paren> <corresponding column list> <right paren> ]

<non-join query primary> | <joined table>

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Query expression components

<simple case>    ::=
         <case operand>
             <simple when clause> ...
             [ <else clause> ]
         END

<result expression> | NULL

<searched case>    ::=
         <searched when clause> ...
         [ <else clause> ]
         END

<value expression> | NULL

<character primary> [ <collate clause> ]

<form-of-use conversion> ::=
<left paren> <character value expression> <form-of-use conversion name> <right paren>

<trim specification> ::= LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH

<non-second datetime field> | SECOND

<time zone field> ::= TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE

<value expression primary> [ <interval qualifier> ]

<datetime primary> [ <time zone> ]

<null specification> ::= NULL

<default specification> ::= DEFAULT

<row value constructor element> [ { <comma> <row value constructor element> } ... ]

<value expression> { <comma> <value expression> } ...

<match value> [ <pattern> [ <escape character> ]

<row value constructor> IS [ NOT ] NULL

<all> ::= ALL

<some> ::= SOME | ANY

<truth value> ::= TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN

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More about constraints

<constraint attributes> ::=
<constraint check time> [ [ <constraint check time> ]

<constraint check time> ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE

<constraint name definition> ] <table constraint> [ <constraint check time> ]

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Module contents

<query expression> [ <order by clause> ] [ <updatability clause> ]

<sort specification> [ { <comma> <sort specification> }... ]

<sort key> [ <collate clause> ] [ <ordering specification> ]

<ordering specification> ::= ASC | DESC

<column name list> ] }

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SQL Procedures

<status parameter> ::= SQLCODE | SQLSTATE

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SQL Schema Definition Statements

<schema definition>    ::=
         <schema name clause>
             [ <schema character set specification> ]
             [ <schema element> ... ]

<domain definition>    ::=
         <domain name> [ <data type>
             [ <default clause> ] [ <domain constraint> ] [ <collate clause> ]

<domain constraint> ::=
[ <constraint name definition> ] <check constraint definition> [ <constraint attributes> ]

<table definition> ::=
<table name> <table element list> [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ]

<view definition>    ::=
         <table name> [ <left paren> <view column list> <right paren> ]
             <query expression> [ <levels clause> ] CHECK OPTION ]

<levels clause> ::= CASCADED | LOCAL

<grant statement> ::=
<privileges> <object name> <grantee> [ { <comma> <grantee> }... ] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

<action> [ { <comma> <action> }... ]

<action>    ::=
         <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
     |     <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
     |     USAGE

<assertion definition> ::=
<constraint name> <assertion check> [ <constraint attributes> ]

<character set definition>    ::=
         <character set name> [ <character set source>
         [ <collate clause> | <limited collation definition> ]

<collating sequence definition>    ::=
         <external collation>
     |     <schema collation name>
     |     <left paren> <collation name> <right paren>
     |     DEFAULT

<translation name> [ <collation name> ]

<collation definition>    ::=
         <collation name> <character set specification>
             <collation source> [ <pad attribute> ]

<pad attribute> ::= NO PAD | PAD SPACE

<drop behaviour> ::= CASCADE | RESTRICT

<drop column default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT

<drop domain default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT

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SQL Data Manipulation Statements

<target specification> [ { <comma> <target specification> }... ]

<target specification> [ { <comma> <target specification> }... ]

<table name> [ <search condition> ]

<insert columns and source>    ::=
         [ <left paren> <insert column list> <right paren> ] <query expression>
     |     DEFAULT VALUES

<set clause> [ { <comma> <set clause> } ... ]

<value expression> | <null specification> | DEFAULT

<update statement: searched> ::=
<table name> <set clause list> [ <search condition> ]

<set transaction statement> ::=
<transaction mode> [ { <comma> <transaction mode> }... ]

<level of isolation>    ::=
         READ UNCOMMITTED
     |     READ COMMITTED
     |     REPEATABLE READ
     |     SERIALIZABLE

<transaction access mode> ::= READ ONLY | READ WRITE

<set constraints mode statement> ::=
<constraint name list> { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE }

<constraint name> [ { <comma> <constraint name> }... ]

<commit statement> ::= COMMIT [ WORK ]

<rollback statement> ::= ROLLBACK [ WORK ]

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Connection Management

<connection target>    ::=
         <SQL-server name> [ <connection name> ] [ <user name> ]
     |     DEFAULT

<connection object> | ALL | CURRENT

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Session Attributes

<interval value expression> | LOCAL

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Dynamic SQL

<descriptor name> [ <occurrences> ]

<scope option> ::= GLOBAL | LOCAL

<set descriptor information>    ::=
         <set count>
     |     <item number> <set item information> [ { <comma> <set item information> }... ]

<get descriptor information>    ::=
         <get count>
     |     <item number> <get item information> [ { <comma> <get item information> }... ]

<simple target specification 1> <equals operator> COUNT

<SQL statement name> [ <result using clause> ] [ <parameter using clause> ]

<argument> [ { <comma> <argument> }... ]

<dynamic cursor name> [ <using clause> ]

<statement information> ::=
<statement information item> [ { <comma> <statement information item> }... ]

<statement information item name> ::= NUMBER | MORE | COMMAND_FUNCTION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | ROW_COUNT

<condition information> ::=
<condition number> <condition information item> [ { <comma> <condition information item> }... ]

<embedded SQL Ada program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<embedded SQL C program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<embedded SQL Cobol program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<embedded SQL Fortran program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<embedded SQL MUMPS program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<embedded SQL Pascal program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<embedded SQL PL/I program> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<SQL prefix> <SQL terminator> ]

<host variable definition>    ::=
         <Ada variable definition>
     |     <C variable definition>
     |     <Cobol variable definition>
     |     <Fortran variable definition>
     |     <MUMPS variable definition>
     |     <Pascal variable definition>
     |     <PL/I variable definition> Note that <colon> is written as a literal colon in the ANSI grammar.

<Ada variable definition>    ::=
         <Ada host identifier> [ { <comma> <Ada host identifier> }... ] <colon>
         <Ada type specification> [ <Ada initial value> ]

<C storage class> ::= auto | extern | static

<C class modifier> ::= const | volatile

<C numeric variable>    ::=
         { <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ]
             [ { <comma> <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] }... ]

<C character variable>    ::=
         <character set specification> ]
             <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
             [ { <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] }... ]

<C VARCHAR variable>    ::=
         <character set specification> ]
             <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
             [ { <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] }... ]

<C bit variable>    ::=
         <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
             [ { <comma> <C host identifier> <C array specification> [ <C initial value> ] }... ]

<Cobol variable definition> ::=
/* ...omitted... */

<Fortran variable definition> ::=
/* ...omitted... */

<MUMPS variable definition> ::=
/* ...omitted... */

<Pascal variable definition> ::=
/* ...omitted... */

<PL/I variable definition> ::=
/* ...omitted... */

<SQL prefix> <SQL terminator> ]

<SQL prefix> <statement or declaration> [ <SQL terminator> ]

<condition> ::= SQLERROR | NOT FOUND

<go to>

<host label identifier> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<host PL/I label variable> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<preparable SQL implementation-defined statement> ::= !! See the syntax rules

<query expression> [ <order by clause> ]

<direct implementation-defined statement> ::= !! See the syntax rules

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Identifying the version of SQL in use

<arc3> ::= 9075

<1987> | <1989> | <1992>

<1989 base> <1989 package>

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END OF SQL-92 GRAMMAR

Cross-Reference Table: Rules

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Rule (non-terminal)	Rules using it
1987	<SQL edition>
1989	<SQL edition>
1989 base	<1989>
1989 package	<1989>
1992	<SQL edition>
action	<action list>
action list	<privileges>
actual identifier	<identifier>
Ada assignment operator	<Ada initial value>
Ada host identifier	<Ada variable definition> <host identifier>
Ada initial value	<Ada variable definition>
Ada qualified type specification	<Ada type specification>
Ada type specification	<Ada variable definition>
Ada unqualified type specification	<Ada type specification>
Ada variable definition	<host variable definition>
add column definition	<alter table action>
add domain constraint definition	<alter domain action>
add table constraint definition	<alter table action>
all	<quantifier>
allocate cursor statement	<SQL dynamic data statement>
allocate descriptor statement	<system descriptor statement>
alter column action	<alter column definition>
alter column definition	<alter table action>
alter domain action	<alter domain statement>
alter domain statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
alter table action	<alter table statement>
alter table statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
ampersand	<SQL prefix> <SQL special character>
approximate numeric literal	<unsigned numeric literal>
approximate numeric type	<numeric type>
arc1	<SQL provenance>
arc2	<SQL provenance>
arc3	<SQL provenance>
argument	<using arguments>
as clause	<derived column>
assertion check	<assertion definition>
assertion definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
asterisk	<interval term> <select list> <select sublist> <set function specification> <SQL special character> <term>
authorization identifier	<grantee> <module authorization identifier> <schema authorization identifier>
between predicate	<predicate>
bit	<bit string literal>
bit concatenation	<bit value expression>
bit factor	<bit concatenation> <bit value expression>
bit length expression	<length expression>
bit primary	<bit factor>
bit string literal	<general literal> <nondelimiter token>
bit string type	<data type>
bit substring function	<bit value function>
bit value expression	<bit concatenation> <bit substring function> <string value expression>
bit value function	<string value function>
boolean factor	<boolean term>
boolean primary	<boolean test>
boolean term	<boolean term> <search condition>
boolean test	<boolean factor>
C array specification	<C bit variable> <C character variable> <C VARCHAR variable>
C bit variable	<C derived variable>
C character variable	<C variable specification>
C class modifier	<C variable definition>
C derived variable	<C variable specification>
C host identifier	<C bit variable> <C character variable> <C numeric variable> <C VARCHAR variable> <host identifier>
C initial value	<C bit variable> <C character variable> <C numeric variable> <C VARCHAR variable>
C numeric variable	<C variable specification>
C storage class	<C variable definition>
C VARCHAR variable	<C derived variable>
C variable definition	<host variable definition>
C variable specification	<C variable definition>
case abbreviation	<case expression>
case expression	<value expression primary>
case operand	<simple case>
case specification	<case expression>
cast operand	<cast specification>
cast specification	<value expression primary>
cast target	<cast specification>
catalog name	<schema name>
char length expression	<length expression>
character factor	<character value expression> <concatenation>
character primary	<character factor>
character representation	<Ada initial value> <C initial value> <character string literal> <national character string literal>
character set definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
character set name	<character set definition> <drop character set statement> <implementation-defined character repertoire name> <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> <object name> <schema character set name> <standard character repertoire name> <standard universal character form-of-use name> <user-defined character repertoire name>
character set source	<character set definition>
character set specification	<Ada qualified type specification> <C character variable> <C VARCHAR variable> <character string literal> <collation definition> <data type> <embedded character set declaration> <identifier> <module character set specification> <schema character set specification> <source character set specification> <target character set specification>
character string literal	<delimiter token> <general literal>
character string type	<data type>
character substring function	<character value function>
character translation	<character value function>
character value expression	<character substring function> <character translation> <concatenation> <escape character> <fold> <form-of-use conversion> <match value> <pattern> <position expression> <string value expression> <trim character> <trim source>
character value function	<string value function>
check constraint definition	<column constraint> <domain constraint> <table constraint>
close statement	<SQL data statement>
Cobol host identifier	<host identifier>
Cobol variable definition	<host variable definition>
collate clause	<character factor> <character set definition> <column definition> <domain definition> <grouping column reference> <sort specification>
collating sequence definition	<collation source>
collation definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
collation name	<collate clause> <collating sequence definition> <collation definition> <drop collation statement> <implementation-defined collation name> <object name> <schema collation name> <standard collation name> <translation collation>
collation source	<collation definition> <limited collation definition>
colon	<Ada assignment operator> <Ada variable definition> <day-time interval> <embedded variable name> <parameter name> <SQL special character> <time value> <time zone interval> <time-interval>
column constraint	<column constraint definition>
column constraint definition	<column definition>
column definition	<add column definition> <table element>
column name	<alter column definition> <as clause> <column definition> <column name list> <column reference> <drop column definition> <object column> <sort key>
column name list	<corresponding column list> <derived column list> <insert column list> <join column list> <privilege column list> <reference column list> <unique column list> <updatability clause> <view column list>
column reference	<grouping column reference> <value expression primary>
comma	<action list> <Ada variable definition> <C bit variable> <C character variable> <C numeric variable> <C VARCHAR variable> <case abbreviation> <column name list> <condition information> <constraint name list> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <exact numeric type> <fetch target list> <from clause> <get descriptor information> <grant statement> <grouping column reference list> <in value list> <parameter declaration list> <revoke statement> <row value constructor list> <select list> <select target list> <set clause list> <set descriptor information> <set transaction statement> <single datetime field> <sort specification list> <SQL special character> <statement information> <table element list> <table value constructor list> <using arguments>
comment	<separator>
comment character	<comment>
comment introducer	<comment>
commit statement	<SQL transaction statement>
comp op	<comparison predicate> <quantified comparison predicate>
comparison predicate	<predicate>
concatenation	<character value expression>
concatenation operator	<bit concatenation> <concatenation> <delimiter token>
condition	<embedded exception declaration>
condition action	<embedded exception declaration>
condition information	<sql diagnostics information>
condition information item	<condition information>
condition information item name	<condition information item>
condition number	<condition information>
connect statement	<SQL connection statement>
connection name	<connection object> <connection target>
connection object	<disconnect object> <set connection statement>
connection target	<connect statement>
constraint attributes	<assertion definition> <column constraint definition> <domain constraint>
constraint check time	<constraint attributes> <table constraint definition>
constraint name	<assertion definition> <constraint name definition> <constraint name list> <drop assertion statement> <drop domain constraint definition> <drop table constraint definition>
constraint name definition	<column constraint definition> <domain constraint> <table constraint definition>
constraint name list	<set constraints mode statement>
correlation name	<correlation specification> <qualifier>
correlation specification	<table reference>
corresponding column list	<corresponding spec>
corresponding spec	<non-join query expression> <non-join query term>
cross join	<joined table>
current date value function	<datetime value function>
current time value function	<datetime value function>
current timestamp value function	<datetime value function>
cursor name	<close statement> <declare cursor> <delete statement: positioned> <dynamic cursor name> <dynamic declare cursor> <fetch statement> <open statement> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <update statement: positioned>
cursor specification	<declare cursor> <dynamic select statement>
data type	<cast target> <column definition> <domain definition> <parameter declaration>
date literal	<datetime literal>
date string	<date literal> <delimiter token>
date value	<date string> <timestamp string>
datetime factor	<datetime term>
datetime field	<extract field>
datetime literal	<general literal>
datetime primary	<datetime factor>
datetime term	<datetime value expression> <interval value expression>
datetime type	<data type>
datetime value	<days value> <hours value> <minutes value> <months value> <years value>
datetime value expression	<datetime value expression> <extract source> <interval value expression> <value expression>
datetime value function	<datetime primary> <default option>
day-time interval	<day-time literal>
day-time literal	<interval string>
days value	<date value> <day-time interval>
deallocate descriptor statement	<system descriptor statement>
deallocate prepared statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
declare cursor	<module contents> <statement or declaration>
default clause	<column definition> <domain definition> <set column default clause> <set domain default clause>
default option	<default clause>
default specification	<row value constructor element>
delete rule	<referential triggered action>
delete statement: positioned	<SQL data change statement>
delete statement: searched	<direct SQL data statement> <preparable SQL data statement> <SQL data change statement>
delimited identifier	<actual identifier> <delimiter token>
delimited identifier body	<delimited identifier>
delimited identifier part	<delimited identifier body>
delimiter token	<token>
derived column	<select sublist>
derived column list	<correlation specification>
derived table	<table reference>
describe input statement	<describe statement>
describe output statement	<describe statement>
describe statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
descriptor item name	<get item information> <set item information>
descriptor name	<allocate descriptor statement> <deallocate descriptor statement> <get descriptor statement> <set descriptor statement> <using descriptor>
diagnostics size	<transaction mode>
digit	<hexit> <identifier part> <SQL language character> <SQL language identifier part> <unsigned integer>
direct implementation-defined statement	<direct SQL statement>
direct select statement: multiple rows	<direct SQL data statement>
direct SQL data statement	<direct SQL statement>
disconnect object	<disconnect statement>
disconnect statement	<SQL connection statement>
domain constraint	<add domain constraint definition> <domain definition>
domain definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
domain name	<alter domain statement> <cast target> <column definition> <domain definition> <drop domain statement> <object name>
double period	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <delimiter token>
double quote	<delimited identifier> <doublequote symbol> <SQL special character>
doublequote symbol	<delimited identifier part>
drop assertion statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop behaviour	<drop column definition> <drop domain statement> <drop schema statement> <drop table constraint definition> <drop table statement> <drop view statement> <revoke statement>
drop character set statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop collation statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop column default clause	<alter column action>
drop column definition	<alter table action>
drop domain constraint definition	<alter domain action>
drop domain default clause	<alter domain action>
drop domain statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop schema statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop table constraint definition	<alter table action>
drop table statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop translation statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
drop view statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
dynamic close statement	<SQL dynamic data statement>
dynamic cursor name	<dynamic close statement> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <dynamic fetch statement> <dynamic open statement> <dynamic update statement: positioned>
dynamic declare cursor	<module contents> <statement or declaration>
dynamic delete statement: positioned	<SQL dynamic data statement>
dynamic fetch statement	<SQL dynamic data statement>
dynamic open statement	<SQL dynamic data statement>
dynamic parameter specification	<general value specification>
dynamic select statement	<preparable SQL data statement>
dynamic single row select statement	<preparable SQL data statement>
dynamic update statement: positioned	<SQL dynamic data statement>
else clause	<searched case> <simple case>
embedded character set declaration	<embedded SQL declare section> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare>
embedded exception declaration	<statement or declaration>
embedded SQL Ada program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded SQL begin declare	<embedded SQL declare section>
embedded SQL C program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded SQL Cobol program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded SQL end declare	<embedded SQL declare section>
embedded SQL Fortran program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded SQL MUMPS declare	<embedded SQL declare section>
embedded SQL MUMPS program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded SQL Pascal program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded SQL PL/I program	<embedded SQL host program>
embedded variable name	<indicator variable> <simple target specification> <simple value specification> <variable specification>
end field	<interval qualifier>
equals operator	<Ada assignment operator> <C initial value> <comp op> <condition information item> <get count> <get item information> <set clause> <set count> <set item information> <SQL special character> <statement information item>
escape character	<like predicate>
exact numeric literal	<mantissa> <unsigned numeric literal>
exact numeric type	<numeric type>
execute immediate statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
execute statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
existing character set name	<character set source>
exists predicate	<predicate>
explicit table	<simple table>
exponent	<approximate numeric literal>
extended cursor name	<allocate cursor statement> <dynamic cursor name>
extended statement name	<allocate cursor statement> <SQL statement name>
external collation	<collating sequence definition>
external collation name	<external collation>
external translation	<translation specification>
external translation name	<external translation>
extract expression	<numeric value function>
extract field	<extract expression>
extract source	<extract expression>
factor	<interval term> <term>
fetch orientation	<dynamic fetch statement> <fetch statement>
fetch statement	<SQL data statement>
fetch target list	<fetch statement>
fold	<character value function>
form-of-use conversion	<character value function>
form-of-use conversion name	<form-of-use conversion>
Fortran host identifier	<host identifier>
Fortran variable definition	<host variable definition>
from clause	<table expression>
general literal	<literal> <unsigned literal>
general set function	<set function specification>
general value specification	<unsigned value specification> <value specification>
get count	<get descriptor information>
get descriptor information	<get descriptor statement>
get descriptor statement	<system descriptor statement>
get diagnostics statement	<SQL diagnostics statement>
get item information	<get descriptor information>
go to	<condition action>
goto target	<go to>
grant statement	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
grantee	<grant statement> <revoke statement>
greater than operator	<comp op> <SQL special character>
greater than or equals operator	<comp op> <delimiter token>
group by clause	<table expression>
grouping column reference	<grouping column reference list>
grouping column reference list	<group by clause>
having clause	<table expression>
hex string literal	<general literal> <nondelimiter token>
hexit	<hex string literal>
high	<SQL conformance>
host identifier	<embedded variable name>
host label identifier	<goto target>
host PL/I label variable	<goto target>
host variable definition	<embedded SQL declare section> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare>
hours value	<day-time interval> <time value> <time zone interval> <time-interval>
identifier	<authorization identifier> <catalog name> <column name> <correlation name> <cursor name> <module name> <parameter name> <procedure name> <qualified identifier> <statement name> <unqualified schema name>
identifier body	<regular identifier>
identifier part	<identifier body>
identifier start	<identifier body> <identifier part>
implementation-defined character repertoire name	<character set specification> <existing character set name>
implementation-defined collation name	<external collation name>
implementation-defined translation name	<external translation name>
implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name	<character set specification>
in predicate	<predicate>
in predicate value	<in predicate>
in value list	<in predicate value>
indicator parameter	<parameter specification>
indicator variable	<variable specification>
insert column list	<insert columns and source>
insert columns and source	<insert statement>
insert statement	<direct SQL data statement> <preparable SQL data statement> <SQL data change statement>
integrity no	<1989 package>
integrity yes	<1989 package>
intermediate	<SQL conformance>
interval factor	<interval term>
interval fractional seconds precision	<end field> <single datetime field>
interval leading field precision	<single datetime field> <start field>
interval literal	<general literal>
interval primary	<interval factor>
interval qualifier	<interval literal> <interval primary> <interval type> <interval value expression>
interval string	<interval literal>
interval term	<datetime value expression> <interval term 1> <interval term 2> <interval value expression>
interval term 1	<interval value expression>
interval term 2	<interval term>
interval type	<data type>
interval value expression	<datetime value expression> <extract source> <interval value expression 1> <set time zone value> <time zone specifier> <value expression>
interval value expression 1	<interval value expression>
introducer	<character string literal> <identifier>
isolation level	<transaction mode>
item number	<get descriptor information> <set descriptor information>
join column list	<named columns join>
join condition	<join specification>
join specification	<qualified join>
join type	<qualified join>
joined table	<joined table> <query expression> <query primary> <query term> <table reference>
key word	<nondelimiter token>
language clause	<module>
language name	<language clause>
left bracket	<C array specification> <delimiter token> <SQL embedded language character>
left paren	<1987> <1989 base> <1992> <action> <Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <approximate numeric type> <arc1> <arc2> <assertion check> <bit length expression> <bit string type> <bit substring function> <boolean primary> <case abbreviation> <cast specification> <char length expression> <character string type> <character substring function> <character translation> <check constraint definition> <collating sequence definition> <correlation specification> <corresponding spec> <current time value function> <current timestamp value function> <datetime type> <end field> <exact numeric type> <external collation> <external translation> <extract expression> <fold> <form-of-use conversion> <general set function> <high> <in predicate value> <insert columns and source> <integrity no> <integrity yes> <intermediate> <interval value expression> <joined table> <low> <named columns join> <national character string type> <non-join query primary> <octet length expression> <parameter declaration list> <position expression> <referenced table and columns> <referential constraint definition> <row value constructor> <set function specification> <single datetime field> <SQL prefix> <SQL special character> <start field> <subquery> <table element list> <trim function> <unique constraint definition> <value expression primary> <view definition>
length	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <bit string type> <C array specification> <character string type> <national character string type>
length expression	<numeric value function>
less than operator	<comp op> <SQL special character>
less than or equals operator	<comp op> <delimiter token>
level of isolation	<isolation level>
levels clause	<view definition>
like predicate	<predicate>
limited collation definition	<character set definition>
literal	<default option> <simple value specification> <value specification>
local table name	<qualified local table name>
low	<SQL conformance>
mantissa	<approximate numeric literal>
match predicate	<predicate>
match type	<references specification>
match value	<like predicate>
minus sign	<comment introducer> <date value> <datetime value expression> <interval value expression> <numeric value expression> <sign> <SQL special character> <year-month literal>
minutes value	<day-time interval> <time value> <time zone interval> <time-interval>
module authorization clause	<module>
module authorization identifier	<module authorization clause>
module character set specification	<module name clause>
module contents	<module>
module name	<module name clause>
module name clause	<module>
months value	<date value> <year-month literal>
MUMPS host identifier	<host identifier>
MUMPS variable definition	<host variable definition>
named columns join	<join specification>
national character string literal	<general literal> <nondelimiter token>
national character string type	<data type>
newline	<comment> <separator>
non-join query expression	<non-join query primary> <query expression>
non-join query primary	<non-join query term> <query primary>
non-join query term	<non-join query expression> <query term>
non-reserved word	<key word>
non-second datetime field	<datetime field> <end field> <single datetime field> <start field>
nondelimiter token	<token>
nondoublequote character	<delimited identifier part>
nonquote character	<character representation> <comment character>
not equals operator	<comp op> <delimiter token>
null predicate	<predicate>
null specification	<row value constructor element> <update source>
number of conditions	<diagnostics size>
numeric primary	<factor>
numeric type	<data type>
numeric value expression	<numeric value expression> <start position> <string length> <value expression>
numeric value function	<numeric primary>
object column	<set clause>
object name	<grant statement> <revoke statement>
occurrences	<allocate descriptor statement>
octet length expression	<length expression>
open statement	<SQL data statement>
order by clause	<cursor specification> <direct select statement: multiple rows>
ordering specification	<sort specification>
outer join type	<join type>
overlaps predicate	<predicate>
pad attribute	<collation definition>
parameter declaration	<parameter declaration list>
parameter declaration list	<procedure>
parameter name	<indicator parameter> <parameter declaration> <parameter specification> <simple target specification> <simple value specification>
parameter specification	<general value specification> <target specification>
parameter using clause	<execute statement>
Pascal host identifier	<host identifier>
Pascal variable definition	<host variable definition>
pattern	<like predicate>
percent	<SQL special character>
period	<character set name> <column reference> <exact numeric literal> <qualified local table name> <qualified name> <schema name> <seconds value> <select sublist> <SQL special character>
PL/I host identifier	<host identifier>
PL/I variable definition	<host variable definition>
plus sign	<datetime value expression> <interval value expression> <numeric value expression> <sign> <SQL special character>
position expression	<numeric value function>
precision	<approximate numeric type> <exact numeric type>
predicate	<boolean primary>
preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned	<preparable SQL data statement>
preparable dynamic update statement: positioned	<preparable SQL data statement>
preparable SQL data statement	<preparable statement>
preparable SQL implementation-defined statement	<preparable statement>
preparable SQL schema statement	<preparable statement>
preparable SQL session statement	<preparable statement>
preparable SQL transaction statement	<preparable statement>
prepare statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
privilege column list	<action>
privileges	<grant statement> <revoke statement>
procedure	<module contents>
procedure name	<procedure>
qualified identifier	<local table name> <qualified name>
qualified join	<joined table>
qualified local table name	<table name> <temporary table declaration>
qualified name	<collation name> <constraint name> <domain name> <form-of-use conversion name> <table name> <translation name>
qualifier	<column reference> <select sublist>
quantified comparison predicate	<predicate>
quantifier	<quantified comparison predicate>
query expression	<cursor specification> <direct select statement: multiple rows> <insert columns and source> <non-join query expression> <subquery> <view definition>
query primary	<non-join query term>
query specification	<dynamic single row select statement> <simple table>
query term	<non-join query expression> <non-join query term>
question mark	<dynamic parameter specification> <SQL special character>
quote	<bit string literal> <character string literal> <comment character> <date string> <external collation> <external translation> <hex string literal> <interval string> <national character string literal> <quote symbol> <SQL special character> <time string> <timestamp string>
quote symbol	<character representation>
reference column list	<referenced table and columns> <referencing columns>
referenced table and columns	<references specification>
references specification	<column constraint> <referential constraint definition>
referencing columns	<referential constraint definition>
referential action	<delete rule> <update rule>
referential constraint definition	<table constraint>
referential triggered action	<references specification>
regular identifier	<actual identifier> <nondelimiter token>
reserved word	<key word>
result	<else clause> <searched when clause> <simple when clause>
result expression	<result>
result using clause	<execute statement>
revoke statement	<SQL schema manipulation statement>
right bracket	<C array specification> <delimiter token> <SQL embedded language character>
right paren	<1987> <1989 base> <1992> <action> <Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <approximate numeric type> <arc1> <arc2> <assertion check> <bit length expression> <bit string type> <bit substring function> <boolean primary> <case abbreviation> <cast specification> <char length expression> <character string type> <character substring function> <character translation> <check constraint definition> <collating sequence definition> <correlation specification> <corresponding spec> <current time value function> <current timestamp value function> <datetime type> <end field> <exact numeric type> <external collation> <external translation> <extract expression> <fold> <form-of-use conversion> <general set function> <high> <in predicate value> <insert columns and source> <integrity no> <integrity yes> <intermediate> <interval value expression> <joined table> <low> <named columns join> <national character string type> <non-join query primary> <octet length expression> <parameter declaration list> <position expression> <referenced table and columns> <referential constraint definition> <row value constructor> <set function specification> <single datetime field> <SQL special character> <SQL terminator> <start field> <subquery> <table element list> <trim function> <unique constraint definition> <value expression primary> <view definition>
rollback statement	<SQL transaction statement>
row subquery	<row value constructor>
row value constructor	<between predicate> <comparison predicate> <in predicate> <match predicate> <null predicate> <quantified comparison predicate> <row value constructor 1> <row value constructor 2> <table value constructor list>
row value constructor 1	<overlaps predicate>
row value constructor 2	<overlaps predicate>
row value constructor element	<row value constructor> <row value constructor list>
row value constructor list	<row value constructor>
scalar subquery	<value expression primary>
scale	<exact numeric type>
schema authorization identifier	<schema name clause>
schema character set name	<existing character set name>
schema character set specification	<schema definition>
schema collation name	<collating sequence definition>
schema definition	<SQL schema definition statement>
schema element	<schema definition>
schema name	<character set name> <drop schema statement> <module authorization clause> <qualified name> <schema name clause>
schema name clause	<schema definition>
schema translation name	<translation specification>
scope option	<descriptor name> <extended cursor name> <extended statement name>
search condition	<assertion check> <boolean primary> <check constraint definition> <delete statement: searched> <having clause> <join condition> <search condition> <searched when clause> <update statement: searched> <where clause>
searched case	<case specification>
searched when clause	<searched case>
seconds fraction	<seconds value>
seconds integer value	<seconds value>
seconds value	<day-time interval> <time value> <time-interval>
select list	<query specification> <select statement: single row>
select statement: single row	<SQL data statement>
select sublist	<select list>
select target list	<select statement: single row>
semicolon	<C variable definition> <procedure> <SQL special character> <SQL terminator>
separator	<bit string literal> <character string literal> <hex string literal> <national character string literal>
set catalog statement	<SQL session statement>
set clause	<dynamic update statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <set clause list>
set clause list	<update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched>
set column default clause	<alter column action>
set connection statement	<SQL connection statement>
set constraints mode statement	<SQL transaction statement>
set count	<set descriptor information>
set descriptor information	<set descriptor statement>
set descriptor statement	<system descriptor statement>
set domain default clause	<alter domain action>
set function specification	<value expression primary>
set function type	<general set function>
set item information	<set descriptor information>
set local time zone statement	<SQL session statement>
set names statement	<SQL session statement>
set quantifier	<general set function> <query specification> <select statement: single row>
set schema statement	<SQL session statement>
set session authorization identifier statement	<SQL session statement>
set time zone value	<set local time zone statement>
set transaction statement	<SQL transaction statement>
sign	<factor> <interval factor> <interval literal> <signed integer> <signed numeric literal> <time zone interval>
signed integer	<exponent>
signed numeric literal	<literal>
simple case	<case specification>
simple Latin letter	<SQL language character> <SQL language identifier part> <SQL language identifier start>
simple Latin lower case letter	<simple Latin letter>
simple Latin upper case letter	<simple Latin letter>
simple table	<non-join query primary>
simple target specification	<condition information item> <simple target specification 1> <simple target specification 2> <statement information item>
simple target specification 1	<get count>
simple target specification 2	<get item information>
simple value specification	<condition number> <connection name> <descriptor name> <extended cursor name> <extended statement name> <fetch orientation> <item number> <number of conditions> <occurrences> <simple value specification 1> <simple value specification 2> <SQL statement variable> <SQL-server name> <user name>
simple value specification 1	<set count>
simple value specification 2	<set item information>
simple when clause	<simple case>
single datetime field	<interval qualifier>
solidus	<interval term> <SQL special character> <term>
some	<quantifier>
sort key	<sort specification>
sort specification	<sort specification list>
sort specification list	<order by clause>
source character set specification	<translation definition>
space	<day-time interval> <separator> <SQL special character> <timestamp string>
SQL conformance	<SQL variant>
SQL connection statement	<direct SQL statement> <SQL procedure statement>
SQL data change statement	<SQL data statement>
SQL data statement	<SQL procedure statement>
sql diagnostics information	<get diagnostics statement>
SQL diagnostics statement	<SQL procedure statement>
SQL dynamic data statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
SQL dynamic statement	<SQL procedure statement>
SQL edition	<SQL variant>
SQL embedded language character	<SQL terminal character>
SQL language character	<SQL terminal character>
SQL language identifier	<character set name>
SQL language identifier part	<SQL language identifier>
SQL language identifier start	<SQL language identifier>
SQL prefix	<embedded SQL begin declare> <embedded SQL end declare> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <embedded SQL statement>
SQL procedure statement	<procedure> <statement or declaration>
SQL provenance	<SQL object identifier>
SQL schema definition statement	<SQL schema statement>
SQL schema manipulation statement	<SQL schema statement>
SQL schema statement	<direct SQL statement> <preparable SQL schema statement> <SQL procedure statement>
SQL session statement	<direct SQL statement> <preparable SQL session statement> <SQL procedure statement>
SQL special character	<delimiter token> <SQL language character>
SQL statement name	<deallocate prepared statement> <describe input statement> <describe output statement> <execute statement> <prepare statement>
SQL statement variable	<execute immediate statement> <prepare statement>
SQL terminator	<embedded SQL begin declare> <embedded SQL end declare> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <embedded SQL statement>
SQL transaction statement	<direct SQL statement> <preparable SQL transaction statement> <SQL procedure statement>
SQL variant	<SQL object identifier>
SQL-server name	<connection target>
standard character repertoire name	<character set specification> <existing character set name>
standard collation name	<external collation name>
standard translation name	<external translation name>
standard universal character form-of-use name	<character set specification>
start field	<interval qualifier>
start position	<bit substring function> <character substring function>
statement information	<sql diagnostics information>
statement information item	<statement information>
statement information item name	<statement information item>
statement name	<dynamic declare cursor> <SQL statement name>
statement or declaration	<embedded SQL statement>
status parameter	<parameter declaration>
string length	<bit substring function> <character substring function>
string value expression	<bit length expression> <char length expression> <octet length expression> <value expression>
string value function	<bit primary> <character primary>
subquery	<row subquery> <scalar subquery> <table subquery>
system descriptor statement	<SQL dynamic statement>
table constraint	<table constraint definition>
table constraint definition	<add table constraint definition> <table element>
table definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
table element	<table element list>
table element list	<table definition> <temporary table declaration>
table expression	<query specification> <select statement: single row>
table name	<alter table statement> <delete statement: positioned> <delete statement: searched> <drop table statement> <drop view statement> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <explicit table> <insert statement> <object name> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <qualifier> <referenced table and columns> <table definition> <table reference> <update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched> <view definition>
table reference	<cross join> <from clause> <qualified join>
table subquery	<derived table> <exists predicate> <in predicate value> <match predicate> <quantified comparison predicate> <unique predicate>
table value constructor	<simple table>
table value constructor list	<table value constructor>
target character set specification	<translation definition>
target specification	<argument> <fetch target list> <select target list>
temporary table declaration	<direct SQL data statement> <module> <statement or declaration>
term	<interval term> <numeric value expression> <term>
time fractional seconds precision	<time precision> <timestamp precision>
time interval	<day-time literal>
time literal	<datetime literal>
time precision	<current time value function> <datetime type>
time string	<delimiter token> <time literal>
time value	<time string> <timestamp string>
time zone	<datetime factor>
time zone field	<extract field>
time zone interval	<time string> <timestamp string>
time zone specifier	<time zone>
timestamp literal	<datetime literal>
timestamp precision	<current timestamp value function> <datetime type>
timestamp string	<delimiter token> <timestamp literal>
transaction access mode	<transaction mode>
transaction mode	<set transaction statement>
translation collation	<collation source>
translation definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
translation name	<character translation> <drop translation statement> <implementation-defined translation name> <object name> <schema translation name> <standard translation name> <translation collation> <translation definition>
translation source	<translation definition>
translation specification	<translation source>
trim character	<trim operands>
trim function	<character value function>
trim operands	<trim function>
trim source	<trim operands>
trim specification	<trim operands>
truth value	<boolean test>
underscore	<identifier body> <introducer> <SQL language identifier> <SQL special character>
unique column list	<unique constraint definition>
unique constraint definition	<table constraint>
unique specification	<column constraint> <unique constraint definition>
unqualified schema name	<schema name>
unsigned integer	<datetime value> <exact numeric literal> <goto target> <interval fractional seconds precision> <interval leading field precision> <length> <precision> <scale> <seconds fraction> <seconds integer value> <signed integer> <sort key> <time fractional seconds precision>
unsigned literal	<unsigned value specification>
unsigned numeric literal	<nondelimiter token> <signed numeric literal> <unsigned literal>
unsigned value specification	<value expression primary>
updatability clause	<cursor specification>
update rule	<referential triggered action>
update source	<set clause>
update statement: positioned	<SQL data change statement>
update statement: searched	<direct SQL data statement> <preparable SQL data statement> <SQL data change statement>
user name	<connection target>
user-defined character repertoire name	<character set specification>
using arguments	<using clause>
using clause	<dynamic open statement> <parameter using clause> <result using clause>
using descriptor	<describe input statement> <describe output statement> <using clause>
value expression	<case abbreviation> <case operand> <cast operand> <derived column> <general set function> <in value list> <result expression> <row value constructor element> <update source> <value expression primary> <when operand>
value expression primary	<bit primary> <character primary> <datetime primary> <interval primary> <numeric primary>
value specification	<set catalog statement> <set names statement> <set schema statement> <set session authorization identifier statement>
variable specification	<general value specification> <target specification>
vertical bar	<SQL special character>
view column list	<view definition>
view definition	<schema element> <SQL schema definition statement>
when operand	<simple when clause>
where clause	<table expression>
year-month literal	<interval string>
years value	<date value> <year-month literal>

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Cross-Reference Table: Keywords

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Keyword	Rules using it
ABSOLUTE	<fetch orientation> <reserved word>
ACTION	<referential action> <reserved word>
ADA	<language name> <non-reserved word>
ADD	<add column definition> <add domain constraint definition> <add table constraint definition> <reserved word>
ALL	<all> <constraint name list> <disconnect object> <non-join query expression> <non-join query term> <privileges> <reserved word> <set quantifier>
ALLOCATE	<allocate cursor statement> <allocate descriptor statement> <reserved word>
ALTER	<alter column definition> <alter domain statement> <alter table statement> <reserved word>
AND	<between predicate> <boolean term> <reserved word>
ANY	<reserved word> <some>
ARE	<embedded character set declaration> <module character set specification> <reserved word>
AS	<as clause> <cast specification> <character set definition> <connection target> <correlation specification> <domain definition> <reserved word> <view definition>
ASC	<ordering specification> <reserved word>
ASSERTION	<assertion definition> <drop assertion statement> <reserved word>
AT	<reserved word> <time zone>
AUTHORIZATION	<module authorization clause> <reserved word> <schema name clause> <set session authorization identifier statement>
auto	<C storage class>
AVG	<reserved word> <set function type>
BEGIN	<embedded SQL begin declare> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <reserved word>
BETWEEN	<between predicate> <reserved word>
BIT	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <bit string type> <C bit variable> <reserved word>
BIT_LENGTH	<bit length expression> <reserved word>
BOTH	<reserved word> <trim specification>
BY	<corresponding spec> <group by clause> <order by clause> <reserved word>
C	<hexit> <language name> <non-reserved word> <simple Latin upper case letter>
CASCADE	<drop behaviour> <referential action> <reserved word>
CASCADED	<levels clause> <reserved word>
CASE	<reserved word> <searched case> <simple case>
CAST	<cast specification> <reserved word>
CATALOG	<reserved word> <set catalog statement>
CATALOG_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
char	<C character variable>
CHAR	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <character string type> <national character string type> <reserved word>
CHARACTER	<Ada qualified type specification> <C character variable> <C VARCHAR variable> <character set definition> <character string type> <data type> <drop character set statement> <national character string type> <object name> <reserved word> <schema character set specification>
CHARACTER_LENGTH	<char length expression> <reserved word>
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
CHAR_LENGTH	<char length expression> <reserved word>
CHECK	<assertion check> <check constraint definition> <reserved word> <view definition>
CLASS_ORIGIN	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
CLOSE	<close statement> <dynamic close statement> <reserved word>
COALESCE	<case abbreviation> <reserved word>
COBOL	<language name> <non-reserved word>
COLLATE	<collate clause> <reserved word>
COLLATION	<collation definition> <drop collation statement> <limited collation definition> <object name> <reserved word> <translation collation>
COLLATION_CATALOG	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
COLLATION_NAME	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
COLLATION_SCHEMA	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
COLUMN	<add column definition> <alter column definition> <drop column definition> <reserved word>
COLUMN_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
COMMAND_FUNCTION	<non-reserved word> <statement information item name>
COMMIT	<commit statement> <reserved word> <table definition> <temporary table declaration>
COMMITTED	<level of isolation> <non-reserved word>
CONDITION_NUMBER	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
CONNECT	<connect statement> <reserved word>
CONNECTION	<reserved word> <set connection statement>
CONNECTION_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
const	<C class modifier>
CONSTRAINT	<constraint name definition> <drop domain constraint definition> <drop table constraint definition> <reserved word>
CONSTRAINTS	<reserved word> <set constraints mode statement>
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	<non-reserved word>
CONSTRAINT_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
CONSTRATIN_CATALOG	<condition information item name>
CONTINUE	<condition action> <reserved word>
CONVERT	<form-of-use conversion> <reserved word>
CORRESPONDING	<corresponding spec> <reserved word>
COUNT	<get count> <set count> <set function specification> <set function type>
CREATE	<assertion definition> <character set definition> <collation definition> <domain definition> <reserved word> <schema definition> <table definition> <translation definition> <view definition>
CROSS	<cross join> <reserved word>
CURRENT	<delete statement: positioned> <disconnect object> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <reserved word> <update statement: positioned>
CURRENT_DATE	<current date value function> <reserved word>
CURRENT_TIME	<current time value function> <reserved word>
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	<current timestamp value function> <reserved word>
CURRENT_USER	<default option> <general value specification> <reserved word>
CURSOR	<allocate cursor statement> <declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor> <reserved word>
CURSOR_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
DATA	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
DATE	<date literal> <datetime type> <reserved word>
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
DAY	<non-second datetime field> <reserved word>
DEALLOCATE	<deallocate descriptor statement> <deallocate prepared statement> <reserved word>
DEC	<exact numeric type> <reserved word>
DECIMAL	<exact numeric type> <reserved word>
DECLARE	<declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor> <embedded SQL begin declare> <embedded SQL end declare> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <reserved word> <temporary table declaration>
DEFAULT	<collating sequence definition> <connection object> <connection target> <default clause> <default specification> <drop column default clause> <drop domain default clause> <insert columns and source> <referential action> <reserved word> <schema character set specification> <update source>
DEFERRABLE	<constraint attributes> <reserved word>
DEFERRED	<constraint check time> <reserved word> <set constraints mode statement>
DELETE	<action> <delete rule> <delete statement: positioned> <delete statement: searched> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <reserved word> <table definition> <temporary table declaration>
DESC	<collating sequence definition> <ordering specification> <reserved word>
DESCRIBE	<describe input statement> <describe output statement> <reserved word>
DESCRIPTOR	<allocate descriptor statement> <deallocate descriptor statement> <get descriptor statement> <reserved word> <set descriptor statement> <using descriptor>
DIAGNOSTICS	<diagnostics size> <get diagnostics statement> <reserved word>
DISCONNECT	<disconnect statement> <reserved word>
DISTINCT	<reserved word> <set quantifier>
DOMAIN	<alter domain statement> <domain definition> <drop domain statement> <object name> <reserved word>
double	<C numeric variable>
DOUBLE	<approximate numeric type> <reserved word>
DOUBLE_PRECISION	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification>
DROP	<drop assertion statement> <drop character set statement> <drop collation statement> <drop column default clause> <drop column definition> <drop domain constraint definition> <drop domain default clause> <drop domain statement> <drop schema statement> <drop table constraint definition> <drop table statement> <drop translation statement> <drop view statement> <reserved word>
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION	<non-reserved word> <statement information item name>
edition1987	<1987>
edition1989	<1989 base>
edition1992	<1992>
ELSE	<else clause> <reserved word>
END	<embedded SQL end declare> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <reserved word> <searched case> <simple case>
END-EXEC	<reserved word> <SQL terminator>
ESCAPE	<like predicate> <reserved word>
EXCEPT	<non-join query expression> <reserved word>
EXCEPTION	<condition information> <reserved word>
EXEC	<reserved word> <SQL prefix>
EXECUTE	<execute immediate statement> <execute statement> <reserved word>
EXISTS	<exists predicate> <reserved word>
extern	<C storage class>
EXTERNAL	<external collation> <external translation> <reserved word>
EXTRACT	<extract expression> <reserved word>
FALSE	<reserved word> <truth value>
FETCH	<dynamic fetch statement> <fetch statement> <reserved word>
FIRST	<fetch orientation> <reserved word>
FLOAT	<approximate numeric type> <reserved word>
float	<C numeric variable>
FOR	<allocate cursor statement> <bit substring function> <character substring function> <collation definition> <declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor> <reserved word> <revoke statement> <translation definition> <updatability clause>
FOREIGN	<referential constraint definition> <reserved word>
FORTRAN	<language name> <non-reserved word>
FOUND	<condition> <reserved word>
FROM	<bit substring function> <character substring function> <collation definition> <delete statement: positioned> <delete statement: searched> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <dynamic fetch statement> <extract expression> <fetch statement> <from clause> <limited collation definition> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <prepare statement> <reserved word> <revoke statement> <translation definition> <trim operands>
FULL	<match predicate> <match type> <outer join type> <reserved word>
GET	<character set source> <get descriptor statement> <get diagnostics statement> <reserved word>
GLOBAL	<reserved word> <scope option> <table definition>
GO	<go to> <reserved word>
GOTO	<go to> <reserved word>
GRANT	<grant statement> <reserved word> <revoke statement>
GROUP	<group by clause> <reserved word>
gt	<greater than or equals operator> <not equals operator>
HAVING	<having clause> <reserved word>
High	<high>
HOUR	<non-second datetime field> <reserved word>
IDENTITY	<reserved word> <translation specification>
IMMEDIATE	<constraint check time> <execute immediate statement> <reserved word> <set constraints mode statement>
IN	<in predicate> <position expression> <reserved word>
INDICATOR	<descriptor item name> <indicator parameter> <indicator variable> <reserved word>
INDICATOR_TYPE	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification>
INITIALLY	<constraint check time> <reserved word>
INNER	<join type> <reserved word>
INPUT	<describe input statement> <reserved word>
INSENSITIVE	<allocate cursor statement> <declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor> <reserved word>
INSERT	<action> <insert statement> <reserved word>
INT	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <exact numeric type> <reserved word>
INTEGER	<exact numeric type> <reserved word>
IntegrityNo	<integrity no>
IntegrityYes	<integrity yes>
Intermediate	<intermediate>
INTERSECT	<non-join query term> <reserved word>
INTERVAL	<interval literal> <interval type> <reserved word>
INTO	<fetch statement> <insert statement> <reserved word> <select statement: single row> <using arguments> <using descriptor>
IS	<Ada qualified type specification> <boolean test> <C character variable> <C VARCHAR variable> <null predicate> <reserved word>
iso	<arc1>
ISOLATION	<isolation level> <reserved word>
JOIN	<cross join> <qualified join> <reserved word>
KEY	<referential constraint definition> <reserved word> <unique specification>
LANGUAGE	<language clause> <reserved word>
LAST	<fetch orientation> <reserved word>
LEADING	<reserved word> <trim specification>
LEFT	<outer join type> <reserved word>
LENGTH	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
LEVEL	<isolation level> <reserved word>
LIKE	<like predicate> <reserved word>
LOCAL	<levels clause> <reserved word> <scope option> <set time zone value> <table definition> <temporary table declaration> <time zone specifier>
long	<C numeric variable>
Low	<low>
LOWER	<fold> <reserved word>
lt	<less than or equals operator> <not equals operator>
MATCH	<match predicate> <references specification> <reserved word>
MAX	<allocate descriptor statement> <reserved word> <set function type>
MESSAGE_LENGTH	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
MESSAGE_TEXT	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
MIN	<reserved word> <set function type>
MINUTE	<non-second datetime field> <reserved word>
MODULE	<module name clause> <qualified local table name> <reserved word>
MONTH	<non-second datetime field> <reserved word>
MORE	<non-reserved word> <statement information item name>
MUMPS	<language name> <non-reserved word>
NAME	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
NAMES	<embedded character set declaration> <module character set specification> <reserved word> <set names statement>
NATIONAL	<national character string type> <reserved word>
NATURAL	<qualified join> <reserved word>
NCHAR	<national character string type> <reserved word>
NEXT	<fetch orientation> <reserved word>
NO	<pad attribute> <referential action> <reserved word>
NOT	<between predicate> <boolean factor> <boolean test> <column constraint> <condition> <constraint attributes> <in predicate> <like predicate> <null predicate> <reserved word>
NULL	<cast operand> <column constraint> <default option> <null predicate> <null specification> <referential action> <reserved word> <result>
NULLABLE	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
NULLIF	<case abbreviation> <reserved word>
NUMBER	<non-reserved word> <statement information item name>
NUMERIC	<exact numeric type> <reserved word>
OCTET_LENGTH	<descriptor item name> <octet length expression> <reserved word>
OF	<delete statement: positioned> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <reserved word> <updatability clause> <update statement: positioned>
omitted	<Cobol variable definition> <Fortran variable definition> <MUMPS variable definition> <Pascal variable definition> <PL/I variable definition>
ON	<delete rule> <grant statement> <join condition> <reserved word> <revoke statement> <table definition> <temporary table declaration> <update rule>
ONLY	<reserved word> <transaction access mode> <updatability clause>
OPEN	<dynamic open statement> <open statement> <reserved word>
OPTION	<grant statement> <reserved word> <revoke statement> <view definition>
OR	<reserved word> <search condition>
ORDER	<order by clause> <reserved word>
OUTER	<join type> <reserved word>
OUTPUT	<describe output statement> <reserved word>
OVERLAPS	<overlaps predicate> <reserved word>
PAD	<pad attribute> <reserved word>
PARTIAL	<match predicate> <match type> <reserved word>
PASCAL	<language name> <non-reserved word>
PLI	<language name> <non-reserved word>
POSITION	<position expression> <reserved word>
PRECISION	<approximate numeric type> <descriptor item name> <reserved word>
PREPARE	<deallocate prepared statement> <prepare statement> <reserved word>
PRESERVE	<reserved word> <table definition> <temporary table declaration>
PRIMARY	<reserved word> <unique specification>
PRIOR	<fetch orientation> <reserved word>
PRIVILEGES	<privileges> <reserved word>
PROCEDURE	<procedure> <reserved word>
PUBLIC	<grantee> <reserved word>
READ	<level of isolation> <reserved word> <transaction access mode> <updatability clause>
REAL	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <approximate numeric type> <reserved word>
REFERENCES	<action> <references specification> <reserved word>
RELATIVE	<fetch orientation> <reserved word>
REPEATABLE	<level of isolation> <non-reserved word>
RESTRICT	<drop behaviour> <reserved word>
RETURNED_LENGTH	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
RETURNED_SQLSTATE	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
REVOKE	<reserved word> <revoke statement>
RIGHT	<outer join type> <reserved word>
ROLLBACK	<reserved word> <rollback statement>
ROWS	<reserved word> <table definition> <temporary table declaration>
ROW_COUNT	<non-reserved word> <statement information item name>
SCALE	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
SCHEMA	<drop schema statement> <module authorization clause> <reserved word> <schema definition> <set schema statement>
SCHEMA_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
SCROLL	<allocate cursor statement> <declare cursor> <dynamic declare cursor> <reserved word>
SECOND	<datetime field> <end field> <reserved word> <single datetime field>
SECTION	<embedded SQL begin declare> <embedded SQL end declare> <embedded SQL MUMPS declare> <reserved word>
SELECT	<action> <query specification> <reserved word> <select statement: single row>
SERIALIZABLE	<level of isolation> <non-reserved word>
SERVER_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
SESSION	<reserved word> <set session authorization identifier statement>
SESSION_USER	<default option> <general value specification> <reserved word>
SET	<Ada qualified type specification> <C character variable> <C VARCHAR variable> <character set definition> <data type> <drop character set statement> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <object name> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <referential action> <reserved word> <schema character set specification> <set catalog statement> <set column default clause> <set connection statement> <set constraints mode statement> <set descriptor statement> <set domain default clause> <set local time zone statement> <set names statement> <set schema statement> <set session authorization identifier statement> <set transaction statement> <update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched>
short	<C numeric variable>
SIZE	<diagnostics size> <reserved word>
SMALLINT	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification> <exact numeric type> <reserved word>
SOME	<reserved word> <some>
SPACE	<pad attribute> <reserved word>
SQL	<embedded character set declaration> <reserved word> <SQL prefix> <using descriptor>
SQLCODE	<reserved word> <status parameter>
SQLCODE_TYPE	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification>
SQLERROR	<condition> <reserved word>
SQLSTATE	<reserved word> <status parameter>
SQLSTATE_TYPE	<Ada qualified type specification> <Ada unqualified type specification>
SQL_STANDARD	<Ada qualified type specification>
standard	<arc2>
static	<C storage class>
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
SUBSTRING	<bit substring function> <character substring function> <reserved word>
SUM	<reserved word> <set function type>
SYSTEM_USER	<default option> <general value specification> <reserved word>
TABLE	<alter table statement> <drop table statement> <explicit table> <object name> <reserved word> <table definition> <temporary table declaration>
TABLE_NAME	<condition information item name> <non-reserved word>
TEMPORARY	<reserved word> <table definition> <temporary table declaration>
THEN	<reserved word> <searched when clause> <simple when clause> <translation collation>
TIME	<datetime type> <reserved word> <set local time zone statement> <time literal> <time zone specifier>
TIMESTAMP	<datetime type> <reserved word> <timestamp literal>
TIMEZONE_HOUR	<reserved word> <time zone field>
TIMEZONE_MINUTE	<reserved word> <time zone field>
TO	<connect statement> <go to> <grant statement> <interval qualifier> <reserved word> <translation definition>
TRAILING	<reserved word> <trim specification>
TRANSACTION	<reserved word> <set transaction statement>
TRANSLATE	<character translation> <reserved word>
TRANSLATION	<drop translation statement> <object name> <reserved word> <translation collation> <translation definition>
TRIM	<reserved word> <trim function>
TRUE	<reserved word> <truth value>
TYPE	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
UNCOMMITTED	<level of isolation> <non-reserved word>
UNION	<join type> <non-join query expression> <reserved word>
UNIQUE	<match predicate> <reserved word> <unique predicate> <unique specification>
UNKNOWN	<reserved word> <truth value>
UNNAMED	<descriptor item name> <non-reserved word>
UPDATE	<action> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <reserved word> <updatability clause> <update rule> <update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched>
UPPER	<fold> <reserved word>
USAGE	<action> <reserved word>
USER	<connection target> <default option> <general value specification> <reserved word>
USING	<character translation> <form-of-use conversion> <named columns join> <reserved word> <using arguments> <using descriptor>
VALUE	<general value specification> <get descriptor information> <reserved word> <set descriptor information>
VALUES	<insert columns and source> <reserved word> <table value constructor>
VARCHAR	<C VARCHAR variable> <character string type> <reserved word>
VARYING	<bit string type> <character string type> <national character string type> <reserved word>
VIEW	<drop view statement> <reserved word> <view definition>
volatile	<C class modifier>
WHEN	<reserved word> <searched when clause> <simple when clause>
WHENEVER	<embedded exception declaration> <reserved word>
WHERE	<delete statement: positioned> <delete statement: searched> <dynamic delete statement: positioned> <dynamic update statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> <reserved word> <update statement: positioned> <update statement: searched> <where clause>
WITH	<allocate descriptor statement> <datetime type> <grant statement> <reserved word> <view definition>
WORK	<commit statement> <reserved word> <rollback statement>
WRITE	<reserved word> <transaction access mode>
YEAR	<non-second datetime field> <reserved word>
ZONE	<datetime type> <reserved word> <set local time zone statement> <time zone specifier>

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