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. 2023 Apr;176(4):489-495.
doi: 10.7326/M22-3469. Epub 2023 Mar 21.

Worsening Spread of Candida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021

Meghan Lyman  1 , Kaitlin Forsberg  1 , D Joseph Sexton  1 , Nancy A Chow  1 , Shawn R Lockhart  1 , Brendan R Jackson  1 , Tom Chiller  1
Affiliations

Worsening Spread of Candida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021

Meghan Lyman et al. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Background: Candida auris is an emerging fungal threat that has been spreading in the United States since it was first reported in 2016.

Objective: To describe recent changes in the U.S. epidemiology of C auris occurring from 2019 to 2021.

Design: Description of national surveillance data.

Setting: United States.

Patients: Persons with any specimen that was positive for C auris.

Measurements: Case counts reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by health departments, volume of colonization screening, and antifungal susceptibility results were aggregated and compared over time and by geographic region.

Results: A total of 3270 clinical cases and 7413 screening cases of C auris were reported in the United States through 31 December 2021. The percentage increase in clinical cases grew each year, from a 44% increase in 2019 to a 95% increase in 2021. Colonization screening volume and screening cases increased in 2021 by more than 80% and more than 200%, respectively. From 2019 to 2021, 17 states identified their first C auris case. The number of C auris cases that were resistant to echinocandins in 2021 was about 3 times that in each of the previous 2 years.

Limitation: Identification of screening cases depends on screening that is done on the basis of need and available resources. Screening is not conducted uniformly across the United States, so the true burden of C auris cases may be underestimated.

Conclusion: C auris cases and transmission have risen in recent years, with a dramatic increase in 2021. The rise in echinocandin-resistant cases and evidence of transmission is particularly concerning because echinocandins are first-line therapy for invasive Candida infections, including C auris. These findings highlight the need for improved detection and infection control practices to prevent spread of C auris.

Primary funding source: None.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures: Authors have reported no disclosures of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M22-3469.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Number of clinical and screening C auris cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 2013 to 2021. C auris = Candida auris.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Volume of C auris screening through the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network, 2013 to 2021. C auris screening was onboarded to the network in 2017, but the test date axis aligns with that of Figure 1 for ease of comparison. C auris = Candida auris. * Data for 2021 are preliminary.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Geographic distribution of clinical C auris cases in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by state during 2013 to 2021. C auris = Candida auris.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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