Alcoholic liver disease: Clinical and translational research

Manuela G Neuman¹, Stephen Malnick², Yaakov Maor², Radu M Nanau³, Ehud Melzer², Peter Ferenci⁴, Helmut K Seitz⁵, Sebastian Mueller⁵, Haim Mell⁶, Didier Samuel⁷, Lawrence B Cohen⁸, Kusum K Kharbanda⁹, Natalia A Osna⁹, Murali Ganesan⁹, Kyle J Thompson¹⁰, Iain H McKillop¹⁰, Abraham Bautista¹¹, Ramon Bataller¹², Samuel W French¹³

Affiliations

¹ In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: manuela.neuman@utoronto.ca.
² Division of Gastroenterology, Kaplan Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
³ In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁴ Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
⁵ University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁶ Israel Antidrug and Alcohol Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
⁷ Liver Transplant Unit, Research Inserm-Paris XI Unit 785, Centre Hepatobiliaire, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, Paris, France.
⁸ Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
⁹ Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
¹¹ Office of Extramural Activities, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
¹² Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹³ Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.

PMID: 26342547
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.001

Review

Alcoholic liver disease: Clinical and translational research

Manuela G Neuman et al. Exp Mol Pathol. 2015 Dec.

. 2015 Dec;99(3):596-610.

doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.001. Epub 2015 Sep 3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: manuela.neuman@utoronto.ca.
² Division of Gastroenterology, Kaplan Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
³ In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁴ Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
⁵ University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁶ Israel Antidrug and Alcohol Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
⁷ Liver Transplant Unit, Research Inserm-Paris XI Unit 785, Centre Hepatobiliaire, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, Paris, France.
⁸ Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
⁹ Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
¹¹ Office of Extramural Activities, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
¹² Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹³ Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.

PMID: 26342547
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.001

Abstract

The present review spans a broad spectrum of topics dealing with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including clinical research, translational research, pathogenesis and therapies. A special accent is placed on alcohol misuse, as alcohol is a legally commercialized and taxable product. Drinking alcohol, particularly from a young age, is a major health problem. Alcoholism is known to contribute to morbidity and mortality. A systematic literature search was performed in order to obtain updated data (2008-2015). The review is focused on genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes and the role of cytochrome p450 2E1 and iron in ALD. Alcohol-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis is also discussed in the presence or absence of co-morbidities such as viral hepatitis C as well as therapeutic the role of innate immunity in ALD-HCV. Moreover, emphasis was placed on alcohol and drug interactions, as well as liver transplantation for end-stage ALD. Finally, the time came to eradicate alcohol-induced liver and intestinal damage by using betaine.

Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase; Alcoholic liver disease; Betaine; CYP2E1; Hepatitis B and C viral infection; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Liver fibrosis; Liver transplant.

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Alcoholic liver disease: Clinical and translational research

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Alcoholic liver disease: Clinical and translational research

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