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. 2010 Feb 24:10:63.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-63.

Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children

Giada De Palma  1 , Inmaculada Nadal, Marcela Medina, Ester Donat, Carmen Ribes-Koninckx, Miguel Calabuig, Yolanda Sanz
Affiliations

Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children

Giada De Palma et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Coeliac disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder due to an aberrant immune response to dietary gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. Mucosal immune response through IgA secretion constitutes a first line of defence responsible for neutralizing noxious antigens and pathogens. The aim of this study was the characterization of the relationships between immunoglobulin-coated bacteria and bacterial composition of faeces of coeliac disease (CD) patients, untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD) and healthy controls.

Results: IgA-coated faecal bacterial levels were significantly lower in both untreated and treated CD patients than in healthy controls. IgG and IgM-coated bacterial levels were also significantly lower in treated CD patients than in untreated CD patients and controls. Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria ratio was significantly reduced in both CD patients compared to controls. Bifidobacterium, Clostridium histolyticum, C. lituseburense and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group proportions were less abundant (P < 0.050) in untreated CD patients than in healthy controls. Bacteroides-Prevotella group proportions were more abundant (P < 0.050) in untreated CD patients than in controls. Levels of IgA coating the Bacteroides-Prevotella group were significantly reduced (P < 0.050) in both CD patients in comparison with healthy controls.

Conclusions: In CD patients, reduced IgA-coated bacteria is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which altogether provide new insights into the possible relationships between the gut microbiota and the host defences in this disorder.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Immunoglobulin-coated bacteria in faecal samples from untreated (white bars) and treated CD patients (grey bars) and healthy controls (black bars) as assessed by FCM. Panel A, IgA-coated bacteria; Panel B, IgG-coated bacteria; Panel C, IgM-coated bacteria. Date are expressed as a proportion of bacterial cells labelled with FITC-F(ab')2 antihuman IgA, IgG or IgM to total cell population hybridising with propidium iodine. Median values and ranges are given. *Significant differences were established at P < 0.050 by applying the Mann-Whitney U-test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
General composition of the faecal microbiota of untreated (white bars) and treated CD patients (grey bars) and healthy controls (black bars) as assessed by FISH and FCM. Data are expressed as proportions of bacterial cells hybridising with group-specific probes to total bacteria hybridising with EUB probe 338. Total Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were calculated by adding the relative proportions of the corresponding groups detected by using group-specific probes. Median values and ranges are given. *Significant differences were established at P < 0.05 by applying the Mann-Whitney U-test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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