US815617A - Material of construction. - Google Patents

Description

, PATENTBD MAR. 20, 1906.

. W. MUESER. MATERIALS 0P CONSTRUCTION.

' QHM wMW-B APPLICATION FILED OUT. 13, 1904.

' .ifthey around the body of the bar in 0 WILLIAM MUESER, OF'VNEW Y-ORKQN. Y. 3

MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented larch 2D, 1906.

Application filed October 13,1904. Serial No. 228,342.

To all whom, it may concern: Be it known that 1, WILLIAM Mousse, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Materials of Construction, ofzwln'ch the following is a specification.

My invention relates to concrete-steel construction, and its novelty consists in the construction and adaptation of the parts, as will be more full hereinafter pointed out. In structures 0 this class the ideal to be attained is to provide a core or bar of steel in a surrounding envelop of concrete, each so fashioned with respect to the other that the strength of the unit throughout shall be uniform and so interlocked that no separation or rupture can occur between the metal and its plastic envelop and no sliding or slipping can take lace between their contacting surfaces. ngineers have sought tosolve this problem by roviding steel bars with depressions and e ovations arranged in numerous forms; but so far asknown to me such ba'rs meet the requirement of substantially uniform ultimate or breaking strength they have no uniform elon ation, or stretch under stress, or are of such s ape that they are difficult to manufacture, or have sharp corners and .edges which cut into the surrounding envelop when strained, or have some he quality, such as a tendency to slip or twist.

I have invented a form of bar to be used in combination with a concrete envelop as a unit of construction which 'I believe possesses the ideal advantages above referred to and has none of the disadvantages stated. In, brief, it consists of a core of steel comprising a longitudinal'body provided-externallywith continuous ribs wound spirally posite directions and intersecting at regu ar intervals. The cross-section of the rib outside of the-body of the bar is tooth-she ed. The concrete being placed in between t ediamond-shaped de-'. pressions formed b the intersecting spiral ribs and also surrou ding the entire surface of the bar, the latter is held in place without being permitted to be twisted or rotated or pulled out under an strain which will not ru ture the body of t e bar itseli.

' n the drawings, Figure 1 is a-longitudinal elevation of a bar embodying my invention, showing the concrete envelop in-section intwo planes, the outline of the her being posite direction,

shown dotted where it is concealed. Fig.2 is a transverse section on the plane of the line 2 2 in Fig. 1. on the plane of the line 3 3 in Fig. 1. Fig; 4 is a similar section on the-plane of the inc 4 4 in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal central section through the bar and its envelop on the plane of the line 5 5 in Fig. l, and Fig. 6 is an elevation-of the bar without its-surrounding envelop. i

In the drawings, 20 is a bar of metal which Fig. 3 is a similar section .has beenrolled or otherwise shaped into the form shown in Figs. l'andfi. It is composed in this instance of a substantially cylindrical body 21 and is provided externally with one or more spiral ribs or projections, as at 22 220, running around the body in one direction, and one or more ribs or ro'ections, as at 23 239, running around the 0 y in an opthe ribs intersecting those running in the opposite direction at substantially regular intervals, as at 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29, at what are practically right anglbels. The ribs 22 220 and 23 230 are refera bod of the bar. The ribs themselves may be ma e of any ap roved form in cross-section; but the )rcferalile form jsomewhat resembles that of t 10 teeth of ordinary cog-wheel gearing, asshown in Fig. 4. If the bar be out by several planes at right angles to its longitudinal axis, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, it will be noticed that the cross-sectional areas of the ribs at their intersections 24, 28, and 29, for insfince, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, are about equal to their crosssectional .areas when out se arately by a similar intersecting plane, as siown in big. 4. Wherever the two spiral ridges meet, the angle between the ridges is rounded out just enough 'to make the areas of the intersections 2S and 29, as shown in Fig. 3, equal-to areas of the separate ribs 22 and 23 of any cross-section, as shown in Fig. 4. In other words, the oross sectional area of the bar, including that of the body and ribs, is substantially constant at all points along its length. From this it follows that the bar is of substantially uniform strength throughout. It will be understood, of course, that each bar is embedded in a concrete envelo .30.

- T 's form'of bar has several advantages:

' Fi -t. Thes iral ribscanbemade ashighas may strength of the bar without losing its uniform strength or any of the other adyantages that be desire and so as to develop the fullmade continuous and integral with the this-bar possesses. I By developin the full strength ofthe bar I mean that it s all'be. so

firmly held in its envelopthat'itis impossible pull the bar out of the surrounding conc'rete envelo and that if the effort is made ,the bar itse must rupture, but not pull out' ltis' evident, therefore, that I can make the ats high'enoughv to effect the result absolutely; but whatever therelative height of n theribs to the diameter ofthe bar the crosssectional area remains uniform, and therefore also the strength The importance. of-

e seen if it is remembered this advantage will that bars which have heretofore been used .15 have been provided with corrugations or rofactionsforthe'purposeof gaining a hol on the sul 'rounding envelo but wh ch were of i e shape that the uni ormity of the area of crosssectfio'n was. destroyed, resulting in ac ,loss' 'offmetal of from five to twenty per ",cefit.: '1br, in other words, the metal ro ecsed forrengaging the envelo id not d" ,tlolth'est'rength of the bar itse f, or only of' 'the metal in the bar is reaehedthat is, if

my bar is, in tension or compression, in its '-"lon gitudin'al axis as it would be when actuintervalsbetween any two cross-sections of the bar elon ate or shorten a like amount. The cau'se'oi' this uniformity of" elongation canf be ex lained as follows-;,If We consider twoclose y -adjoining. crossssections of the 4'." v bar, .welhaye ineither the circular area of the 'jar and in addition four projections representing the cross-section of the four ribs. 4 The only difference between these two sec- 5 c tioris is to be found in the location of the four projections relative to the center part of the ar, two and-two'ofthe each other a certain amount. If we consider ,a' third cross-section, equally distant from the second as the 'secondis from the first, we "find the samecondition' repeatedthat is, 'two and two projections; have again neared each other an equalamount and as much-as wj'a's he case between'the first andsecondsections. So on, if consecutive cross-sections equally distant from each other are 'considered, we find that two and two projections consecutively come closer and closer together at perfectly uniform ratio until each two of 1 This bein no't thecase inmy fWe kn bars do'not have this advanta e, because on 90 of the elastic limit of the material.

allyused in building construction-",all equal projections nearing the projeetions meet, which point represents erases ,the crossing-points of the spirals, and as soon as each-two projections meet, harrinformed one projection of substantially doub e Width, they separate again and inconsecutive cross-, sections they go farther and farther apart at 7 0 the a same ratio as they were nearing each other until the cross-section at the next oint Where the two spiral ribs cross is reache and It is therefore quite evident that when this bar is rolled the rolls of the mill must exert exactly the same pressure in rolling a part of the bar which lies between any two cross-sections above discussed. In other words, on account of the similar character of all cross-sections of the bar and on account 180 of the uniform ratio of change in location of the projections representing the spiral ribs the metal must flow through the rolls perfectly uniformly and under the same amount of pressure. Since, therefore, the character and amount of pressurejwhich are necessar to form any art of the bar are uniform, itfis c ear that the ar must have uniform elongation. ow from experience that other forms of account of their form one section of the bar has to be ressed muchharder and differently in manufacture than many other sections, and frequently there are sudden changes in form of adjoining sections which prevents a uniform flow of the metal through the rolls. The matter of uniformelongation is very important in practice, as the bars naturally are not used up to the breaking-point, but inside TOO Fifth. Another advantage follows from the reasoning 'ust above made, together with the fact that t ere are two spiral continuous ribs which at all points form the same angle with the longitudlnal center line of the bar, which is that the ribs provide a continuous uniform hold of the same character for the surround-- 1ng concrete envelop along the full length of the bar, while other forms of bars provide a hold on the surrounding concrete only at no shorter or longer interva s.

Sixth. The double spiral counteractsefi'ectively any tendency. to twist or turn under stress. I

Seventh. My bar has no sharp edgesv or n 5 corners, which under stress would have a tendency to cut into the concrete envelop but that on the contrary, itwill be noticed I that whiie the whole surface ofthe bar is easily and effectively eniaged by the concrete 12:0

cutting. v

What I claim as new is* g 1. A bar adapted to'he used as a core to be embedded in concrete comprisin larly-form'ed central body provide envelop there are no s arp corners to induce with -external projecting ribs extendinga substantial part of the Ian th of the body, one of said ribs extending iagonally around thebody in one direction and another of said ribs extend- 150 I a regudiagonally around the body in an oppoisite direction and intersecting the first n I embedded in concrete comprisin 'part 0 larly-formed central bodyfprovide with external rojecting ribs extending a substantial the length of the body a plurality of said ribs extending diagonally around the body in one direction and a plurality of said ribs'extending diagonally around the body in an opposite direction and intersecting the first-named plurality of ribs.

- 4. A bar adapted to be usedas a core to be embedded in concrete comprisin a reguternal rojecting ribs extending a larly-formed central body provide with exsubstantial part 0 the len 11 of .the body, one of said ribs extending iagonally around the body in one direction andanother of said ribs extending diagonally around the body in an"opposite direction and intersecting the first rib, the transverse section at the intersection of the ribs being increased to produce along the whole bar-a substantially uniform cross-section.

V eused asa core to be embedded n concrete comprism a regu- -part 0 -body in one direction ribs extendingldiagonally-around thebody man opposite 5, Abar adapted to be-used as a core to be embedded in concrete comprising a; regularly-formed central body provide with ex:

, ternal projecting ribs extending a substantial part 0 the le h of the body, one of said ribs extending one direction and a plurality of said ribs extendin diagonally around t e body in an oppositeirection and intersecting the first ri the transverse section at the intersection of the ribs being increased to produce alongthe whole bar a substantially uniform cross-section.

6. ,A bar adapted to be used as a core to be embedded in concrete comp a regularly-formed central body provide with external rejecting ribs extending a substantial the length of the body, a plurality of ona ly around the a plurality of said said ribs extending dia an ection and intersecting the first-named pluralityvof ribs, the transverse section at the intersection of the ribs being increased to produce along the whole bar a substantially uniform cross-section. Witness 'my hand this 11th day of October, 1904, at the city of New York, 'in the county and State of New York. y WILLIAM MUESER.

Witnesses: i F HERMAN MEYER,

- ALAN MODONNELL.

agonally around the body in

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