RU64508U1 - STORERS "RESCUE OF EMERCOM-1" - Google Patents

Abstract

Stretcher “Rescuer of the Ministry of Emergency Situations-1” is designed to ensure the activities of disaster medicine and emergency situations (EMERCOM), in the usual activities of medical institutions, medical emergency stations, during the fighting of the Ministry of Defense, in the aftermath of terrorist acts, and also in forensic science and forensics. The stretchers are prefabricated and contain four supports in the form of separate plates, moreover, the plates for the head and legs are made in the form of a trapezoid, and the supports for the back and hips are rectangular. The plates have holes for attaching removable handrails to them, made of two symmetrical parts, which are equipped with clamps for connecting them together and means of fixation to the plates. The design of the stretcher makes it possible to place the injured on the scene on a stretcher and move them from the stretcher to the operating table with minimal manipulation of the body and its limbs, which virtually eliminates additional damage to internal organs, nerve trunks and blood vessels by fragments and bone fragments.

Description

The utility model relates to medical equipment and is designed to support the activities of disaster and emergency medicine (EMERCOM), in addition, in the usual activities of medical institutions, emergency stations, during the fighting of the Ministry of Defense, in the aftermath of terrorist acts, as well as in forensic medicine and forensics.

Known devices designed for use in emergency medical care to transfer injured people from where they were discovered.

For example, stretchers are known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2058765 dated 04/27/1996, which consist of two longitudinal telescopic beams, crossbars and panels, and are equipped with a device for deploying them, made in the form of couplings with central holes for longitudinal beams, and also mounted on longitudinal beams clamps and limiters of movement of couplings, fixing belts for fastening the victim. The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and the need for technical preparation for its use.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2102052 of 01/20/1998, which is intended for the evacuation of victims from the scene of an accident or other incidents (medical stretcher A. Fire.M.). The stretchers consist of two load-bearing bars connected pivotally by transverse struts, legs and a panel made divided into two symmetrical longitudinal parts and provided with a connecting element. The technical result is that with the help of it you can easily move the victim from the stretcher to the operating table.

The disadvantage of this device is that the panel is made of tarpaulin and bends under the weight of the victim’s body, fluctuates when carried, which creates conditions for additional trauma to bone fragments and fragments of the injury site of surrounding tissues and organs.

Common disadvantages for the above devices is that to place the injured person on them, you need to lift him and transfer him to a stretcher, which can cause him additional injury.

As a prototype, the invention “Sanitary stretchers” was selected according to the patent of the Russian Federation No.2013086 dated 05/30/1994, which consist of two load-bearing crossbars in the form of telescopically connected outer and inner pipes. Pipes are connected by cross members detachable relative to the axis of the stretcher, equipped with locks. Supports for the head, back, hips and legs are made of separate plates installed in pairs with a gap relative to each other. The plates are fixedly mounted on the supporting bars.

The advantage of this product is the possibility of dividing the device into two longitudinal parts, which are brought from different sides under the body of the bedridden patient and shifted until the locks closing the halves are triggered, as well as the ability to change its dimensions, move the person in a sitting position, reduce body vibration during transfer, for account of a dense base instead of tarpaulin.

The disadvantages are:

1. The inability to bring the stretcher under the body of the injured or sick person in cases where he lies on an uneven, stony surface, on the debris of building materials and near the wall (at a distance of 10-30 cm) or on any soft bed that bends under the weight of the body.

2. When the plates are closed, injury to the human soft tissues by their edges is possible.

3. During the operation of these stretchers, the telescopic carrier tubes may be deformed or jammed due to the presence of bulk materials between them.

The objective of the proposed technical solution was the development of a device that provides a method for placing the injured person on it from the place of damage and eliminating the occurrence of additional injuries during manipulation of the human body and limbs when transferring it to a stretcher during evacuation, as well as when transferring it to medical wheelchairs, hospital beds or to operating tables.

The technical result is to increase ease of use, the exclusion of additional injuries to the injured.

To solve this problem, we offer a stretcher, which, in contrast to the prototype, containing supports for the head, back, hips and legs, made of separate plates with a gap relative to each other and fixedly mounted on load-bearing crossbars, contains load-bearing crossbars and supports made in the form of four solid plates, moreover, supports for the head and legs - in the form of a trapezoid, and for the back and hips - a rectangular shape. The plates are provided on each side with holes for mounting the load-bearing bars, which are made in the form of two removable handrails, equipped with handles and clips for connecting them to the plates and clips for connecting them to each other.

New features are:

- the implementation of supports for the head, back, hips and legs in the form of separate plates, moreover, for the head and legs - trapezoidal shape, and for the back and hips - rectangular shape, which allows each support to be brought under the injured person lying on any surface without changing its position (due to the use of the anatomical features of the human body), which avoids additional damage by bone fragments of the surrounding soft tissues, blood vessels and nerves;

- the implementation of the supporting bars in the form of removable handrails consisting of two symmetrical parts, equipped with handles and clamps for connecting them to each other;

- the presence in the plates of holes for attaching removable handrails to them;

- the presence on the removable handrails of means for fixing the handrails to the plates, made in the form of "floating" bolts, equipped with springs attached to the handle of the lock, which ensures the fastening of the removable handrails to the plates, even if the plates fail due to the uneven surface on which the victim is lying are not on the same level.

This technical solution allows, after bringing the plates under the injured person, without changing his position, to attach the handrails to the plates by fixing the bolts with locks in the holes on the plates, and to connect the handrails to each other using clamps. Resulting injured person

turns out to be lying on a stretcher. After delivering it to a medical institution, the handrails are first disconnected, then, in turn, the plates are removed from under it, which can also be done without causing additional injury.

The proposed technical solution is characterized by the following images:

figure 1 - view of the stretcher in assembled form from above.

figure 2 is a side view of a stretcher assembled.

Figa - schematic image of the lock fixed at a minimum distance of the handrail from the plate.

Figa is a schematic illustration of a lock fixed at a maximum distance of the handrail from the plate.

The device consists of four plates 1, 2, 3, 4 made of plastic, duralumin or another lightweight, durable hydrophobic material, with the head plate 1 and the foot plate 2 being trapezoidal, the back plate 3 and the thigh plate 4 forms. Four holes were made in each of the plates (not visible in the figures) under the crossbars 5 of the locks 6, equipped with handles 7, mounted on two removable handrails 8, made of the same material, with the possibility of connecting them together with clamps 9. Moreover, the means for fixing the handrails 8 to the plates 1, 2, 3, 4 are made in the form of "floating" bolts 5 due to the presence of springs 10 attached to the handle of the lock 6.

An example of the use of the proposed stretcher.

A man received multiple fractures from a collision with a car and lies on an asphalt road. The orderlies remove a set of four plates from a plastic bag and bring plate 1 under the head, plate 2 under the legs, plate 3 under the back, plate 4 under the hips of the victim, using the well-known anatomical features of the human body. Then, the crossbars 5 of the locks 6 of the removable handrails 8 are installed, above the holes in the plates 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the handrails 8 are pressed down. In this case, the crossbars 5 of the locks 6 enter the holes of the plates 1, 2, 3, 4 and are automatically fixed in the holes, and the latches 9 are engaged, combining the removable handrails 8 into a single whole. This leads to the assembly of the entire design of the stretcher. In the case where the plate failed

lies not on a flat surface, but at a certain angle, or if the plates after bringing them under the body of an injured person are not at the same level, the presence of a spring 10 in the lock attached to the handle 7 allows the bolt 5 to be fixed at the actual distance of the hole in the plate from the handrail 8, which as a result allows you to fix the position of the plates and the position on them of the victim unchanged. Then the stretcher is lifted by the handrail 8 and transferred to them the victim to the vehicle. If necessary, the body of the victim is fixed with straps, creating relative immobility. Stretchers with the patient are placed on a foam mat for transport to the hospital. After placing the stretcher with the injured person on the operating table in the hospital, the handles 7 of the locks 6 are rotated 90 degrees, which leads to the unlocking of the locks 6 and the release of the bolts 5 from the holes of the plates 1, 2, 3, 4. After that, the removable handrails 8 are lifted up, the plates 1, 2, 3, 4 take turns being removed from under the injured person.

When using these stretchers when placing the victim on them and then moving them from the stretchers to the operating table, additional damage to internal organs, nerve trunks and blood vessels from bone fragments and fragments is practically excluded, since manipulations with the body and its limbs are minimized. Those. the use of the proposed stretcher helps to save the lives of injured people with multiple fractures.

An additional advantage is the presence of handrails around the entire perimeter, which makes it possible to use them in hard-to-reach places (mines, destroyed buildings, etc.), including for the removal of seriously ill people of considerable weight from small-sized residential premises.

Claims (1)

Stretchers containing handrails and supports for the head, back, hips and legs made of separate plates, characterized in that the supports for the head and legs are made in the form of a trapezoid, and for the back and hips - rectangular, and the handrails are removable in the form of two symmetrical parts and equipped with clamps for connecting them to each other, and the means for fixing the handrails to the plates are made in the form of "floating" bolts, equipped with springs attached to the handle of the lock.