NO311593B1

NO311593B1 - Silencer for firearms

Info

Publication number: NO311593B1
Application number: NO20000755A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Hans Petter Hausken
Original assignee: Dueland Bent Arild
Priority date: 2000-02-15
Filing date: 2000-02-15
Publication date: 2001-12-10
Also published as: US20030145718A1; DE60135442D1; NO20000755D0; AU2001236222A1; EP1255959A1; WO2001061269A1; NO20000755L; US6796214B2; ATE405806T1; EP1255959B1

Abstract

According to the invention a silencer for a firearm is arranged so that emitted gas, caught from the muzzle of the firearm after a shot, can both be caught and flow rearwards in the silencer after having been caught. This is accomplished in the way that the silencer comprises several separate chambers (1-5) extending longitudinally in the silencer. When the silencer is fitted to the firearm, there will be at least one chamber (1, 2) on either side of the muzzle of the weapon. The emitted gas is caught by holes (6) formed in a boundary surface between the chambers (1, 3, 4) in front of the muzzle and a central bore (16) through the silencer. The holes (6) extend radially through this boundary surface towards the bore (16) and are placed in rows which are spaced so that the holes (6) of each row will merge on the inside of the boundary surface towards the bore (16). The portion of emitted gas caught in the first chamber (1) in front of the muzzle then flows to the chambers (2, 5) behind the muzzle through openings formed in a surface (8) between the two chambers (1, 2) on either side of the muzzle, or through openings formed in a surface (9) between the chambers (2, 5) behind the muzzle.

Description

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en lyddemper for skytevåpen, hvilken lyddemper er innrettet til at avgass fanget opp fra skytevåpenets munning etter avfyring av et skudd tillates å strømme inn i to eller flere separate kamre utformet etter hverandre i lyddemperens lengderetning, og hvor avgassen fanges opp via hull utformet i en grenseflate mellom det ene kammer foran munningen og en sentral boring igjennom lyddemperen, og hvor hvert hull strekker seg radialt igjennom grenseflaten mot boringen. The present invention relates to a silencer for firearms, which silencer is arranged so that exhaust gas captured from the muzzle of the firearm after firing a shot is allowed to flow into two or more separate chambers designed one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the silencer, and where the exhaust gas is captured via holes designed in an interface between the one chamber in front of the mouth and a central bore through the silencer, and where each hole extends radially through the interface towards the bore.

For reduksjon av uønskede ulemper i forbindelse med støy etter skudd med skytevåpen, både for skytteren og miljøet rundt stedet for skytingen, finnes det allerede et stort antall lyddempere. De fleste av disse fungerer etter det prinsipp at avgassen ikke skal ha fritt avløp fra våpenets munning etter skuddet, men derimot oppfanges av lyddemperen. Dermed vil slik oppfanging av avgassen, og eventuelt ytterligere behandling av den oppfangede avgass i lyddemperen, redusere støyvirkning fra skytevåpenet. Noen av de tidligere kjente lyddempere er i tillegg slik konstruert at rekyl-virkningen fra våpenet dempes. For the reduction of unwanted disadvantages in connection with noise after firing a firearm, both for the shooter and the environment around the place of the shooting, there are already a large number of silencers. Most of these work according to the principle that the exhaust gas should not have a free drain from the muzzle of the weapon after the shot, but instead is collected by the silencer. Thus, such capture of the exhaust gas, and possibly further treatment of the captured exhaust gas in the silencer, will reduce the noise effect from the firearm. Some of the previously known silencers are also designed in such a way that the recoil effect from the weapon is dampened.

Effekten av støy- og/eller rekyldempingen kan forbedres dersom lyddemperen er slik konstruert at den oppfangede avgass strømmer bakover i lyddemperen. Eksempler på slike lyddempere med strømming av oppfanget avgass bakover er vist i US patent nr. 2449571, nr. 1207264, nr. 3707899 og nr. The effect of the noise and/or recoil reduction can be improved if the muffler is designed in such a way that the captured exhaust gas flows backwards into the muffler. Examples of such silencers with flow of captured exhaust gas backwards are shown in US patent no. 2449571, no. 1207264, no. 3707899 and no.

2192081. Mangler med de kjente lyddempere er imidlertid dels at de har en uforholdsmessig komplisert konstruksjon, hvilket øker kostnaden under tilvirkning, dels at de er tunge, hvilket gir uønsket vektøkning til våpenet, og dels at de uønsket øker lengden av våpenet, ettersom størstedelen av lyddemperen vil befinne seg foran våpenmunningen, hvilket gir ustabilitet til våpenet under skytingen. 2192081. Shortcomings with the known silencers, however, are partly that they have a disproportionately complicated construction, which increases the cost during production, partly that they are heavy, which gives an unwanted increase in weight to the weapon, and partly that they undesirably increase the length of the weapon, as the majority of the silencer will be located in front of the muzzle, which gives instability to the weapon during firing.

Disse, og eventuelt andre mangler med de tidligere kjente lyddempere avhjelpes med den foreliggende lyddemper som, ifølge det selvstendige patentkrav 1, kjennetegnes ved at hullene som er plassert i rundtgående rekker, på i og for seg kjent måte har slik innbyrdes avstand i hver rundtgående rekke at hullene rekkevis vil går over i hverandre på innsiden av grenseflaten mot boringen, og at hullene i hver rundtgående rekke er plassert forskjøvet i forhold til hullene i tilstøtende rekke(r). These, and possibly other deficiencies with the previously known silencers are remedied with the present silencer which, according to the independent patent claim 1, is characterized by the fact that the holes which are placed in circular rows, in a manner known per se, have such a mutual distance in each circular row that the holes in rows will merge into each other on the inside of the interface to the drilling, and that the holes in each surrounding row are placed offset in relation to the holes in the adjacent row(s).

Andre fordelaktige trekk ved oppfinnelsen fremgår av de foreliggende uselvstendige patentkrav og beskrivelsen for øvrig. Other advantageous features of the invention appear from the present non-independent patent claims and the description elsewhere.

Det er således med hjelp av den foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffet til veie en lyddemper som effektivt demper både støy og rekyl fra skytevåpenet. Den foreliggende lyddemper har dessuten meget enkel konstruksjon som verken gir uønsket vekt- eller lengdeøkning til våpenet. Dessuten kan den foreliggende lyddemper anvendes på en rekke ulike typer skytevåpen uten nevneverdig grad av modifikasjon, og brukeren kan etter anskaffelsen lettvint tilpasse lyddemperen til vedkommende våpen og våpenets aktuelle bruksområde. Thus, with the help of the present invention, a silencer has been provided which effectively dampens both noise and recoil from the firearm. The present silencer also has a very simple construction which does not add any unwanted weight or length to the weapon. In addition, the present silencer can be used on a number of different types of firearms without a significant degree of modification, and the user can easily adapt the silencer to the weapon in question and the weapon's current area of use after purchase.

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse skal i det etterfølgende beskrives nærmere med hjelp av en fordelaktig, ikke-begrensende utførelse som fremgår av de vedføyde tegninger, hvor: Fig. 1 viser et sideriss av den foreliggende lyddemper som har fem separate kamre fylt med et lyddempende materiale av aluminiumspon, og hvor et langsgående parti av en ytre hylse i lyddemperen er utelatt, slik at den indre oppbygning delvis kan vises nærmere; Fig. 2 viser et langsgående tverrsnittsriss av den foreliggende lyddemper montert med et skytevåpens munning med hjelp av en gjengeforbindelse dannet innvendig på en indre hylse i lyddemperen, hvor kamrene er avgrenset med skive-lignende flater som rager mellom ytter- og innerhylsen, hvor avgass etter skudd oppfanges via hull dannet i innerhylsen foran munningen, og hvor avgassandelen oppfanget i det første kammer strømmer bakover til kamrene bak munningen via ikke-viste åpninger dannet i flaten mellom de to kamre foran og bak munningen, henholdsvis flaten mellom kamrene bak munningen; Fig. 3 er et sideriss av den foreliggende lyddempers indre hylse; Fig. 4 er et langsgående tverrsnittsriss av den foreliggende lyddempers indre hylse; Fig. 5 er et tverrsnittsriss av den foreliggende lyddempers indre hylse langs linje A-A i Fig. 4; og Fig. 6 er et tverrsnittsriss av den foreliggende lyddempers indre hylse langs linje B-B i Fig. 4. In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail with the help of an advantageous, non-limiting embodiment which can be seen from the attached drawings, where: Fig. 1 shows a side view of the present silencer which has five separate chambers filled with a sound-absorbing material of aluminum shavings , and where a longitudinal part of an outer sleeve in the silencer is omitted, so that the internal structure can be partially shown in more detail; Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the present silencer mounted with the muzzle of a firearm by means of a threaded connection formed internally on an inner sleeve in the silencer, where the chambers are delimited by disc-like surfaces projecting between the outer and inner sleeve, where exhaust after shots are captured via holes formed in the inner sleeve in front of the mouth, and where the portion of exhaust gas captured in the first chamber flows backwards to the chambers behind the mouth via not shown openings formed in the surface between the two chambers in front and behind the mouth, respectively the surface between the chambers behind the mouth; Fig. 3 is a side view of the present muffler's inner sleeve; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the inner sleeve of the present muffler; Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present muffler's inner sleeve along line A-A in Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the present muffler's inner sleeve along line B-B in Fig. 4.

Lyddemperen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse er, som allerede nevnt, slik innrettet at avgass fra skytevåpenets munning etter skudd både kan oppfanges og deretter strømme bakover i et parti av denne etter oppfangingen. Ifølge den viste utførelse er lyddemperen i lengderetningen dannet med fem separate kamre 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, og den er slik montert til skytevåpenet at tre av kamrene 1, 3, 4 for oppfanging av avgassen etter skudd befinner seg foran skytevåpenets munning 19. The silencer according to the present invention is, as already mentioned, designed in such a way that exhaust gas from the muzzle of the firearm after a shot can both be captured and then flow backwards in a part of it after capture. According to the embodiment shown, the silencer in the longitudinal direction is formed with five separate chambers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and it is mounted to the firearm in such a way that three of the chambers 1, 3, 4 for capturing the exhaust after a shot are located in front of the muzzle of the firearm 19.

Oppfangingen av avgass skjer via hull 6 dannet i en grenseflate mellom kamrene 1, 3, 4 foran munningen 19 og en sentral boring 16 gjennom lyddemperen. Disse hullene 6 strekker seg radialt gjennom grenseflaten mot boringen 16 og er plassert i rundtgående rekker med slik innbyrdes avstand at hullene 6 i hver rekke vil går over i hverandre på innsiden av grenseflaten mot boringen 16, som vist i Fig. 6. Hullene 6 i hver rekke som omslutter oppfangingskamrene 1, 3, 4 foran munningen 19, er forskjøvet, og derved vil lyddemperens mekaniske styrke svekkes minst mulig. Dette spesielle arrangement av hullene 6 gjennom grenseflaten mot boringen 16 en vesentlig faktor til at lyddemperen ifølge oppfinnelsen kan oppvise slik overlegent god effekt mht. støy- og rekyldemping. The collection of exhaust gas takes place via hole 6 formed in an interface between the chambers 1, 3, 4 in front of the mouth 19 and a central bore 16 through the silencer. These holes 6 extend radially through the boundary surface to the bore 16 and are placed in circular rows with such a mutual distance that the holes 6 in each row will merge into each other on the inside of the boundary surface to the bore 16, as shown in Fig. 6. The holes 6 in each row that encloses the collection chambers 1, 3, 4 in front of the mouth 19 is offset, and thereby the mechanical strength of the silencer will be weakened as little as possible. This particular arrangement of the holes 6 through the interface to the bore 16 is a significant factor in the muffler according to the invention being able to exhibit such a superior effect in terms of noise and recoil reduction.

En relativ stor avgassandel oppfanges i det første kammer 1 foran munningen 19. Deretter strømmer avgassandelen oppfanget i det første kammer 1 foran munningen 19 bakover til kamrene 2, 5 via åpninger 7, jf. Fig. 5, dannet i en flate 8 mellom de to kamre 1, 2 på hver sin side av munningen 19, henholdsvis via tilsvarende åpninger 7 dannet i en flate 9 mellom det første kammer 2 bak munningen 19 og et etterfølgende kammer 5. A relatively large proportion of exhaust gas is collected in the first chamber 1 in front of the mouth 19. Then the portion of exhaust gas collected in the first chamber 1 in front of the mouth 19 flows backwards to the chambers 2, 5 via openings 7, cf. Fig. 5, formed in a surface 8 between the two chambers 1, 2 on either side of the mouth 19, respectively via corresponding openings 7 formed in a surface 9 between the first chamber 2 behind the mouth 19 and a subsequent chamber 5.

Kamrene 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 er avgrenset med én ytre og én indre hylse 12, 13 som forløper i lyddemperens lengderetning, og et antall skiveformede flater 8, 9, 10, 11 som rager mellom ytter- og innerhylsen 13, 12. Skiveflåtene 8, 9, 10, 11 er på formålstjenlig måte dannet som integrerte deler av innerhylsen 13. Videre er ytterhylsen 12 slik dannet at den vil ligge tettende an mot skiveflåtenes 8, 9, 10, 11 frie ender motsatt innerhylsen 13. Som vist er ytterhylsen 12 fastgjort til den siste skiveflaten 11 i enden av lyddemperen bak munningen med f.eks. en gjengeforbindelse 18. The chambers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are delimited by one outer and one inner sleeve 12, 13 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the silencer, and a number of disc-shaped surfaces 8, 9, 10, 11 which project between the outer and inner sleeve 13, 12 The disc floats 8, 9, 10, 11 are expediently formed as integral parts of the inner sleeve 13. Furthermore, the outer sleeve 12 is so formed that it will lie tightly against the free ends of the disc floats 8, 9, 10, 11 opposite the inner sleeve 13. As shown the outer sleeve 12 is attached to the last disc surface 11 at the end of the silencer behind the mouth with e.g. a threaded connection 18.

Monteringen av lyddemper til skytevåpenet kan skje med et middel, f.eks. en gjengeforbindelse 15, dannet på innsiden av innerhylsen 13. En fremre ende av gjengeforbindelsen 15 befinner seg, som f.eks. vist i Fig. 2, nær skiveflaten 8 mellom de to kamre 1, 2 på hver sin side av våpenets munning 19. Videre er gjengeforbindelsen 15 for montering av lyddemperen dannet i et bakre, utvidet parti 17 i boringen 16 som forløper gjennom innerhylsen 13. Skytevåpenet må følgelig utstyres med en motsvarende gjengeforbindelse ved enden av munningen 19. Boringsdiameteren til det fremre parti av innerhylsens 13 gjennomgående boring 16 tilsvarer hoved-sakelig boringsdiameteren til våpenløpet. The installation of the silencer to the firearm can be done with a means, e.g. a threaded connection 15, formed on the inside of the inner sleeve 13. A front end of the threaded connection 15 is located, which e.g. shown in Fig. 2, near the disc surface 8 between the two chambers 1, 2 on either side of the weapon's muzzle 19. Furthermore, the threaded connection 15 for mounting the silencer is formed in a rear, extended part 17 in the bore 16 which extends through the inner sleeve 13. The firearm must therefore be equipped with a corresponding threaded connection at the end of the muzzle 19. The bore diameter of the front part of the inner sleeve 13 through bore 16 mainly corresponds to the bore diameter of the weapon barrel.

Lyddemperen ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse tilvirkes fortrinnsvis av aluminium, men et annet egnet materiale, såsom titan, annet metall eller legering, kunststoff, etc, kan selvsagt anvendes under tilvirkningen. Effekten av lyddemperen kan dessuten økes ved å fylle samtlige eller enkeltvise av kamrene 1,2, 3, 4, 5 helt eller delvis med et lyddempende materiale 14, såsom aluminiumsspon eller annet passende lyddempende materiale. Ved slik fylling med lyddempende materiale bør ytterperiferien til innerhylsen 13 mellom skiveflatene 10 dekkes med ikke-vist finmasket netting, f.eks. av rustfritt stål, slik at det lyddempende materialet 14 ikke kan trenge inn i boringen 16 gjennom hullene 6 i innerhylsen 13. The silencer according to the present invention is preferably manufactured from aluminium, but another suitable material, such as titanium, other metal or alloy, plastic, etc., can of course be used during manufacture. The effect of the silencer can also be increased by filling all or individual chambers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in whole or in part with a sound dampening material 14, such as aluminum shavings or other suitable sound dampening material. With such filling with sound-absorbing material, the outer periphery of the inner sleeve 13 between the disc surfaces 10 should be covered with not shown fine mesh netting, e.g. of stainless steel, so that the sound dampening material 14 cannot penetrate into the bore 16 through the holes 6 in the inner sleeve 13.

Med den foreliggende oppbygning kan i det minste ett av kamrene 3, 4 som befinner seg i enden av lyddemperen foran munningen, lettvint fjernes fra lyddemperen, slik at lyddemperens effekt kan optimaliseres i forhold til vedkommende skytevåpen og bruken av dette. Dette kan skje på den måte at f.eks. det fremre kammer 4 avsages, eller fjernes på annen formålstjenlig måte, umiddelbart foran flaten 10 mellom de to kamre 3, 4 foran munningen 19. With the present construction, at least one of the chambers 3, 4, which is located at the end of the silencer in front of the muzzle, can easily be removed from the silencer, so that the silencer's effect can be optimized in relation to the relevant firearm and its use. This can happen in such a way that e.g. the front chamber 4 is sawn off, or removed in another expedient manner, immediately in front of the surface 10 between the two chambers 3, 4 in front of the mouth 19.

I den viste utførelse har lyddemperen fem separate kamre, og den er slik dannet at tre kamre vil befinne seg foran skytevåpenets 20 munning 19. Dette er imidlertid ikke til hinder for at antallet kamre i lyddemperen ved behov kan endres i forhold til de viste, f.eks. økes til seks eller reduseres til fire. Likeledes er det klart at antallet kamre foran og bak munningen kan arrangeres på annen måte enn den vist, f.eks. med to kamre foran og tre kamre bak munningen eller, dersom antallet økes til seks, med f.eks. tre kamre på hver sin side av munningen 19. Dessuten kan, avhengig av hvilket skytevåpen lyddemperen skal tilpasses, bl.a. lengden av hvert kammer, antallet hull for oppfanging av avgass, og avstanden mellom inner- og ytterhylsen endres. In the embodiment shown, the silencer has five separate chambers, and it is formed in such a way that three chambers will be located in front of the muzzle 19 of the firearm 20. However, this does not prevent the number of chambers in the silencer being changed if necessary in relation to those shown, f .ex. be increased to six or reduced to four. Likewise, it is clear that the number of chambers in front of and behind the mouth can be arranged in a different way than that shown, e.g. with two chambers in front and three chambers behind the mouth or, if the number is increased to six, with e.g. three chambers on either side of the muzzle 19. Furthermore, depending on which firearm the silencer is to be adapted to, i.a. the length of each chamber, the number of holes for capturing exhaust gas, and the distance between the inner and outer sleeve changes.

Den foreliggende lyddemper er særlig velegnet for bruk under jakt og ikke minst på skytebaner, såsom under jaktprøver, skytekonkurranser og lignende. For forsvaret vil lyddemperen med fordel kunne erstatte eksisterende rekyldempere for AG3. Av andre aktuelle anvendelser kan kortfattet nevnes bruk på maskingevær, små kanoner, småkalibrede våpen, pistoler og hagler. The present silencer is particularly suitable for use during hunting and not least on shooting ranges, such as during hunting tests, shooting competitions and the like. For the defence, the silencer will advantageously be able to replace existing recoil suppressors for the AG3. Of other current applications, use on machine guns, small cannons, small caliber weapons, pistols and shotguns can be briefly mentioned.

Claims

1. Silencer for firearms, which silencer is arranged so that exhaust gas captured from the muzzle of the firearm (19) after firing a shot is allowed to flow into two or more separate chambers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) designed one after the other in the silencer's longitudinal direction, and where the exhaust gas is captured via holes (6) formed in an interface between the one chamber (1, 3, 4) in front of the mouth (19) and a central bore (16) through the silencer, and where each hole (6 ) extends radially through the boundary surface towards the bore (16), characterized in that the holes (6) which are placed in circumferential rows, in a manner known per se, have such a mutual distance in each circumferential row that the holes (6) will go consecutively one above the other on the inside of the boundary surface against the bore (16), and that the holes (6) in each circumferential row are placed offset in relation to the holes (6) in the adjacent row(s).

2. The silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the silencer is mounted to the firearm in such a way that at least one chamber (1, 2) will be on each side of the muzzle (19), and that the exhaust gas portion is collected in the first chamber (1) in front of the mouth (19) then flows backwards to at least one chamber (2, 5) behind the mouth (19) via openings (7) formed in a surface (8) between the two chambers (1, 2) on either side of the mouth (19), respectively further backwards to at least one further subsequent chamber (5) via openings (7) formed in a surface (9) between the first chamber (2) and the first subsequent chamber (5), possibly surfaces (9 ) between such subsequent chambers (5).

3. Silencer according to claim 1, characterized in that the chambers (lf 2, 3, 4, 5) are delimited by one outer and one inner sleeve (12, 13) which runs in the longitudinal direction of the silencer, and a number of disc-shaped surfaces (8, 9 , 10, 11) which project between the outer and inner sleeve (12, 13).

4. Silencer according to claim 2, characterized in that the disc-shaped surfaces (8, 9, 10, 11) are formed as integral parts of the inner sleeve (13).

5. Silencer according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer sleeve (12) is formed in such a way that it will lie tightly against the free ends of the disc-shaped surfaces (8, 9, 10), the outer sleeve (12) being attached, f .ex. with a threaded connection (18), to the free end of the last disk-shaped surface (11) behind the mouth.

6. Silencer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by five separate chambers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), the silencer being mounted to the firearm in such a way that three of the chambers (1, 3, 4) will be located in front of the mouth.

7. Silencer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separate chambers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are filled with a sound-damping material (14), the outer surface of the inner sleeve (13) between the disc-shaped surfaces (10) are preferably covered with a fine mesh netting.

8. Silencer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a means (15), e.g. a threaded connection is formed on the inside of the inner sleeve (13) for mounting the silencer to the firearm (20).

9. Silencer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the chambers (3, 4) which will be in front of the firearm's muzzle (19) can be removed from the silencer, e.g. upon termination.