FR2763218A1 - SAFETY GARMENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN BODY - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns safety clothing for protecting the human body comprising at least an element for protection against shocks, comprising: at least a protective part (1) including a rigid external layer (2) resistant to perforation and ensuring the distribution of the energy derived from a shock, an energy-absorbing intermediate thickness (3), and a comfort and hygienic padding (4); an inflatable bladder (5) communicating with at least a compressed air injection system (7). This protective garment can be adapted in particular for protecting the head, the cervical vertebrae, the thorax, the vertebral column and the limbs depending on the field of application.

Description

SAFETY GARMENT FOR PROTECTION
HUMAN BODY
The invention relates to a safety garment intended for the protection of the human body, which can be adapted in particular for protection at the level of the head, cervical, thorax, back, spine and limbs according to the fields of application.

For the protection of the human body at the level of the head, many types of helmet are known which are adapted to each of their applications, such as for example military helmets, helmets for the practice of a sport or a leisure. such as riding bombs, helmets for practicing a sliding sport, parachuting, helmets for driving a two- or four-wheeled vehicle or a fast boat or helmets for preventing work accident.

Although these different types of helmets protect the skull from the impact of a projectile or shock, none of these provides effective protection against the direct effect on the cervical caused by this impact of projectile or by this shock, which can be irremediable.

For example, military helmets made of composite materials are known. These helmets perfectly fulfill their function of stopping projectiles.

However, they do not have the capacity of metal sheet helmets which deform under the effect of impact and thus collect part of the energy. As a result, the impact on these military helmets made of composites results in a sudden displacement of the head in the vector axis of the projectile, causing trauma, or even rupture of the neck.

In addition, in the field of horse riding, we know that to meet the new standards imposed, bombs or jockey helmets are made of an outer shell in thermoformed plastic with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm inside which is incorporated a polystyrene shell. However, the thickness of the polystyrene shell must be approximately 15 mm to meet the requirements of these new standards, which has the direct consequence of considerably increasing the external dimensions of the bomb or helmet and thus harming the aesthetic of the rider.

For the protection of the human body at the level of the thorax and the back, many types of vests are known such as bullet-proof vests, vests reinforced with plates, padded vests and life jackets.

Although these different types of vests protect the thorax from the impact of a projectile or a shock or ensure flotation, none of these provides effective protection against the direct effect of the impact of this projectile or shock at the level of the spine, which can be irremediable, while ensuring flotation if necessary.

The object of the present invention is to provide a safety garment intended for the protection of the head which has an improved resistance to puncture and to crushing, an improved capacity to absorb shock, which has a thinner thickness than helmets. currently used, and which also makes it possible to limit the cases of paralysis following a shock caused by a fall or an accident or a bullet impact by protecting the cervical.

The present invention also aims to provide a safety garment intended for the protection of the thorax, the collarbones, the back, the spine, and possibly the limbs, having improved resistance to puncture and crushing, a improved shock absorption capacity, these garments also making it possible to limit the cases of paralysis following a shock caused by a fall or an accident or a bullet impact, while being able to ensure flotation if necessary.

In accordance with the present invention, these objects are achieved by a safety garment intended for the protection of the human body which comprises at least one element for protection against impacts comprising: - at least one protective part comprising:
a rigid outer layer resistant to
perforation and ensuring the distribution of
energy due to a shock in composite material
consisting of a superposition of layers of fabrics
of fibers having high resistance to
shocks impregnated with a thermoplastic resin,
an absorbent intermediate thickness
the energy disposed at least partially under the
rigid outer layer, which consists of
minus a layer of an energy absorbing material
with return to the initial position,
at least one comfort and hygiene cushion,
arranged at least partially below the thickness
energy absorbing intermediary, which is
made of cellular material composed of
sealed, foam-type closed cells capable of
conform to the shape of the body, - an inflatable bladder in communication with at least one
compressed air injection system.

The inflatable bladder preferably has several compartments interconnected.

The gas or compressed air injection system may comprise a system for triggering the inflation of the bladder which is either of the pull wire type or of the type including a pyrotechnic striker reacting to a counterweight or accelerometer.

The rigid outer layer may have an integrated surface coating.

The intermediate energy absorbing thickness may consist of two distinct layers, each of these layers being made of an energy absorbing material with return to the different initial position.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the safety clothing is of the helmet type.

In this helmet-type embodiment, the safety garment preferably comprises a protective element consisting of a protective part having an essentially hemispherical shape comprising a rigid outer shell made of multilayer composite material with a thermoplastic matrix, an intermediate shell made of material capable of absorbing energy with return to the initial position, placed inside the outer shell and covering the interior of the outer shell, with the exception of an area lying on approximately 3/4 of the half-perimeter in the lower rear part of the hemispherical protection part, comfort and hygiene foam cushions arranged inside the intermediate shell, and an inflatable bladder arranged between the outer shell and the skull in the lower rear part of the helmet without intermediate shell and comfort and hygiene cushions.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the safety clothing is of the vest type.

In this vest type embodiment, the bladder is preferably arranged between two thicknesses of comfort and hygiene cushions.

This vest type safety garment will preferably include a front protective element comprising at least one plate-shaped protective part and an inflatable bladder and a rear protective element comprising at least one plate-shaped protective part and a bladder inflatable.

Thanks to the present invention, the protection of the head and the neck will be achieved by a helmet-type safety garment comprising a protective element in the form of a hemispherical cap consisting of a rigid outer shell distributing energy and resistant to puncture. and during crushing, an intermediate shell made of at least one energy-absorbing material and an interior comfort arrangement, into which an inflatable bladder has been integrated, this inflatable bladder coming to bear on the shoulders after inflation.

It should be noted that in the present description, the term helmet means any safety clothing intended for the protection of the head whatever its application.

In addition, thanks to the invention, the protection of the thorax and of the spine will be achieved by a safety garment of the waistcoat type comprising a protective element on the front of the thorax and a protective element in the back which have a improved puncture resistance, improved damping capacity, in which an inflatable bladder has been integrated, which will further improve shock absorption, this garment ensuring total freedom of movement.

The safety vest type clothing according to the present invention can also be advantageous as a life jacket in that it has excellent buoyancy.

Other embodiments of the safety clothing of the present invention may also be particularly advantageous for protecting other parts of the body such as, for example, the shoulder blades, the collarbones, the elbows, the knees and the limbs in general.

Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the description.

The invention is described below with the aid of examples and references to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal section of a safety clothing of helmet type in accordance with the present invention with the inflatable bladder folded; Figure 2 shows an external side view of the helmet type safety clothing shown in the
Figure 1 with the inflated bladder; Figure 3 shows in cross section another embodiment of a helmet type safety garment according to the present invention where the left side is shown with the bladder folded and the right side is shown with the inflated bladder; Figure 4 shows a vest type safety garment according to the present invention, Figure 4a showing a front view of the front protective element including a protective part and Figure 4b showing a front view of the element rear protection with five protection parts; Figure 5a shows a front view in transparency through the front protective part of the front inflatable bladder, and Figure 5b shows a front view in transparent through the five rear protective parts of the inflatable bladder; Figure 6 shows in cross section along the line AA the thorax protection element shown in Figure 4a and 5a.

The helmet-type safety clothing shown in the
Figure 1 comprises a protective element consisting of a protective part 1 having an essentially hemispherical shape comprising a rigid outer shell 2 of multilayer composite material with a thermoplastic matrix, an intermediate shell 3 of material capable of absorbing energy with return to the position initial, disposed inside the outer shell 2 and covering the interior of the outer shell 2 with the exception of an area lying on approximately 3/4 of the half-perimeter in the lower rear part of the helmet, comfort and hygiene foam cushions 4 arranged inside the intermediate shell 3, and an inflatable bladder 5 in the folded position.

The inflatable bladder 5, folded in accordion, consists of an inflatable crown in three compartments 5a, 5b and 5c connected together, which will describe about 3/4 of the half-perimeter of the head, behind the ears, arranged between the shell composite exterior 2 and the skull (not shown) in the lower rear part of the helmet not comprising an intermediate shell 3 and comfort and hygiene cushions 4, and which will come to rest on the shoulders and prevent or at least limit the tilting of the head after inflation as shown in Figure 2.

The realization of the bladder 5 in three compartments 5a, 5b and 5c linked together makes it possible to avoid a significant extension of the bladder in the wrong direction, to reduce the volume of useful gas, therefore a faster inflation, and mainly of increase the efficiency of the bladder as well as its damping performance.

The bladder 5 is fixed to the shell 2 by a strip of the "VELCRO" (trademark) type (not shown) with very high resistance over the entire length of the bladder in order to prevent it being torn off during fitting. under pressure.

The maintenance of the bladder 5 in the folded position is achieved by strips 6 of the "VELCRO" type (brand name) (only one is shown) very narrow, with low attachment power.

The interior of each of the three compartments 5a, 5b and 5c of the bladder 5 is respectively in communication with a compressed air injection system 7a, 7b and 7c (not shown) by means of three ducts, including a rear duct 8b and two lateral conduits 8a and 8c (not shown).

These conduits 8a, 8b, and 8c are arranged in grooves inside the intermediate shell 3, one 8b being arranged in the upper part of the helmet and the other two 8a and 8c being arranged in the right side parts and left of the helmet on the side of the outer shell in composite 2, in order to avoid any accidental deterioration.

The three compressed air injection systems 7a, 7b and 7c (not shown) are partially arranged in recesses inside the intermediate shell 3 and protected by comfort and hygiene cushions 4 in order to avoid any accidental deterioration, one 7b being arranged in the upper part of the helmet and the other two 7a and 7c being arranged in the right and left lateral parts of the helmet, and they comprise a compressed air capsule and a triggering system for the bladder inflation.

It should be noted that a single gas injection system is sufficient to inflate the bladder 5 since the compartments 5a, 5b and 5c (not shown) of the bladder are interconnected. However, the presence of three injection systems each connected to a bladder compartment has the advantage of reducing the inflation time of the bladder.

The inflation of the bladder can be triggered either by means of a pulling wire or by means of a counterweight associated with a pyrotechnic striker.

The inflation trigger system will depend on the area of use of the helmet.

The system for triggering the inflation of the bladder by means of a traction wire comprises an unbreakable traction wire, for example made of aramid, connected at one of its ends to a system for opening the compressed air capsule. and at the other of its ends at a fixed or reference point which will depend on the field in which the helmet is used by means of a pin.

It should be understood here that the pulling wire can comprise on one side three branches of wire each connected to one of the three systems for opening the compressed air capsule, these three branches meeting to form on the other side a single branch of wire connected to a fixed or reference point as described above, so that traction on the wire triggers the simultaneous opening of the three compressed air capsules.

The pin must have a breaking strength greater than the opening force of the bottles.

The length of the wire system must be adapted to take into account the freedom of movement necessary for the practice of the trade or sporting activity.

In a type of helmet, particularly suitable for horse riding or cycling, the second end of the wire will be connected by means of a suitable quick fastening device such as a pin to a fixed point on the horse or bicycle like for example the saddle. During a fall from a horse or bicycle, the tension which will occur on the wire will tear off the closure system of the capsule which will have the consequence of releasing the gas which will flow in the conduit to the bladder which will cause the bladder to swell before the rider reaches the ground.

In another type of helmet, for example the helmet shown in FIG. 3, which includes a rigid outer shell 2, an intermediate shell 3, comfort and hygiene cushions 4 and three compressed air injection systems 7a , 7b and 7c in communication with three compartments of the bladder by means of three conduits 8a, 8b and 8c, and where the left side is shown with the bladder 5 folded back and the right side is shown with the bladder 5 inflated, the trigger system inflation of the bladder comprises weights 9 or accelerometers associated with pyrotechnic strikers.

This triggering system for bladder inflation works as follows. Following the impact of a projectile or during an impact, the counterweight 9 acts on the pyrotechnic striker causing the opening of the gas capsule and the release of the gas which will flow through the conduit 8 to the bladder 5 which will cause the bladder to swell.

After swelling, the bladder 5 will bear on the shoulders as shown on the right side of Figure 3, which will protect the cervical vertebrae.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the comfort layer of helmets consists of cushion parts 4 of variable thickness fixed to the intermediate shell 3 in an appropriate arrangement according to the type of helmet and its application. This has the advantage of limiting the number of helmet sizes in external dimensions and allowing good adaptability.

As shown in Figure 2, the helmet has a visor 10. Lateral openings 11 are also provided in the rigid outer shell 2 and in the intermediate layer 3 to facilitate the penetration and evacuation of air and allow ventilation scalp.

In addition, it includes a chin strap closure 12 with chin strap 13 so as to avoid tearing of the helmet during inflation of the bladder.

The rigid outer shell 2 may have a particular integrated outer coating as will be explained below.

We will now describe a safety garment type vest according to the present invention. The vest shown in Figures 4 and 5 has a front protective element 14 at the chest, and a rear protective element 15 at the back.

As shown in Figures 4a and 5a, the front protective element 14 includes a protective part 16 having the shape of a plate slightly curved towards the rear to adapt to the shape of the ribs and an inflatable bladder 17 divided in 3 compartments interconnected and in communication by two conduits 18a with two compressed air injection systems 19a.

As shown in Figures 4b and 5b, the rear protective element 15 consists of five protective parts 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 at the back in order to allow complete freedom of movement and an inflatable bladder 25 divided into five compartments interconnected and in communication by two conduits 18b with two compressed air injection systems 19b.

The five protective parts comprise an upper central part 20 covering the dorsal vertebrae, a central central part 23 covering the lumbar vertebrae and a lower central part 24 protecting the coccyx and the sacrum as well as two lateral upper parts 21 and 22 protecting the clavicles, the shoulder blades and the ribs up to the level of the floating ribs.

The left and right side protective parts 21 and 22 each start from the shoulder and go to the last rib, being curved forward to adapt to the shape of the ribs.

 I1 has been described here a vest type safety garment comprising a single front protective element comprising a single protective part and a single rear protective element comprising five protective parts.

 However, it should be understood that the safety garment of the waistcoat type or the like in accordance with the present invention may include any combination with regard to the number of protective elements and the number of protective parts constituting this protective element.

Referring now to FIG. 6, these protective parts comprise a first rigid outer layer 26 of multilayer composite material with a thermoplastic matrix, an intermediate thickness consisting of two superposed intermediate layers 27 and 28 each made of a different material capable of absorbing energy, arranged below the rigid outer layer, and two layers of filling or comfort and hygiene cushions 29 and 30 made of foam arranged below the intermediate thickness and between which the bladder 25 is arranged.

As can be seen in Figures 4b and 5b, the 5 protective parts 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 of the rear protective element correspond to the 5 compartments of the inflatable bladder 25, with the connecting parts between the bladder compartments corresponding to the areas between the protective parts.

The lining layer 30 which will be located closest to the body may have an internal coating, for example of textile material.

The conduits 18 will also be arranged between two layers of foam in order to avoid any accidental deterioration.

The vest also includes a belt 31 so as to maintain it during inflation of the bladders 17 and 25.

Inflation of the bladder 17 of the front protective element 14 and of the bladder 25 of the rear protective element 15 will be carried out either by a trigger system comprising a counterweight and a pyrotechnic striker or by a trigger system comprising a traction wire connected on one side to the opening system of the compressed air capsule and on the other side either at a fixed or reference point as described above for the helmet, or to the waistband 31 of the vest.

This vest can have applications in the military field, in particular as a mixed bullet-proof or anti-shock and rescue vest, the inflated bladders ensuring the buoyancy of the wearer of the vest. In this case, the vest will have a trigger system with manual trigger traction wire which will be actuated directly and manually by the user if necessary, in which one end of the wire is connected to the gas or compressed air bottle and the other end is connected to the waistband of the vest, and a trigger type trigger system to ensure that the bladders swell when a projectile hits.

The vest according to the present invention makes it possible to provide additional anti-shock security by damping thanks to the volume of gas or compressed air contained in the bladders. The garment will thus perfectly fit the shape of the body while playing the role of buffer and ensuring perfect support of the body, in particular of the spine.

 It should be noted that the parts of the protective clothing other than the protective elements may be made of foam, of various textile materials, or of any material usable in the manufacture of clothing.

The materials used for the different parts of the protective elements will now be described.

The rigid outer layer 2 of the protective part 1 of the helmet and the rigid outer layer 26 of the protective parts 16, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 of the vest, which are intended to allow the diffusion and the distribution of the masses or impact, are made of a high performance multilayer composite material consisting of a superposition of layers of fiber fabrics with or without specific reinforcements impregnated with a thermoplastic resin.

The fiber / resin ratio, the type of fibers and resin as well as the weaving mode or the texture will be chosen according to the mechanical performance to be obtained for the product according to the applications.

Depending on the applications, it is possible, for example, to use a composite material consisting of a superposition of layers of fabrics made of glass fibers, carbon, high resistance fibers such as aramid and polyethylene, or other mixed compositions impregnated with a thermoplastic resin. polypropylene type of a polyetherimide PEI resin and polyethylene or others.

Composite materials currently well suited for the manufacture of these rigid outer layers are the
TWINTEX (trade name) produced by the Vetrotex group and TEPEX produced by Dupont de Nemours.

However, any other composite material having good energy distribution ability, good impact, puncture and crushing resistance can be used for the manufacture of the rigid outer layer.

Depending on the materials used, this rigid outer layer will give the protective part 1 of the helmet or the protective plates 16, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 of the vest a good mechanical resistance and to compression, a good impact resistance and perforation, good ballistic resistance, and good heat resistance depending on the resin used.

In the application of a civilian helmet in particular, the composite material will make it possible to reinforce the resistance to perforation and mainly to frontal, cervical, and lateral crushing, left and right while reducing the thickness of the rigid outer layer. .

The thickness of the rigid outer layer 2 or 26 will generally be within a range of 1 to 2 mm depending on the degree of performance to be obtained; however, greater thicknesses can be used depending on the desired strengths, the choice of fibers and resin.

The use of a composite material for the rigid outer layer 2 or 26 also has the advantage of making it possible to integrate an outer coating into the composite material.

For example, in the case of the riding bomb, a black velvet covering may be integrated directly into the composite material during its manufacture, which will avoid finishing steps in the manufacture of the bomb.

The possibility of incorporating a surface coating into the composite material will be advantageous in the manufacture of any helmet which should have a coating of a particular type of fabric, a particular color or a particular pattern with different colors.

The intermediate thickness 3 of the protective part of the helmet and the intermediate thickness consisting of two intermediate layers 27 and 28 of the protective parts 16, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 of the vest, which are intended to allow the energy absorption, are made of energy absorbing materials with return to the initial position.

As a particularly suitable material, mention may be made of resilient or linear closed-cell foam materials of the low density phenolic foam type from the CRAY VALLEY brand or others, or copolymer from the AIREX brand (C.50) specially adapted for bonding to fabrics. with PP thermoplastic matrix, or polypropylene (PP) brand
EUROCORP (FAWOCEL) according to the BAYER process, composed of sealed sealed cells, the density and resistance modules of which are adapted to each of the applications of the invention, or the materials made of thermoplastic polybutylene elastomers (PBT) marketed under the name of AEROLEN by the company TUBUS BAUER allowing very high compressibility and reversibility, produced in the form of a honeycomb plate, of variable thickness and adjustable density depending on the applications, composed of tubes from 4 to 7 mm.

Due to its very good damping properties, this polybutylene elastomer is advantageously used as intermediate thickness in certain applications such as for example in the riding bomb to reduce the thickness of the intermediate shell.

However, any other material having good compressibility and regaining its initial structure after an impact and thus making it possible to absorb energy, may be used for the manufacture of the intermediate energy-absorbing thickness which is intended to absorb impact. .

As can be seen in FIG. 6, in certain applications, the intermediate thickness can advantageously consist of two layers 27, 28 of two different materials such as for example a layer of polypropylene foam and a layer of polybutylene elastomer.

The comfort and hygiene arrangements will consist of cushions 4, 29 and 30 made of a flexible cellular material of the polyethylene foam (PE) type composed of sealed closed cells, of low density suitable for each embodiment of the invention. , these foams allowing thanks to their flexibility to marry the shape of the body.

In the case where the intermediate thickness 3 of the protective part 1 of the helmet or the intermediate layer 29 of the intermediate thickness of the protective parts of the vest as shown in FIG. 6 is made of polypropylene foam, the connection between the layer intermediate and the polyethylene comfort foam will be produced using a heat-sealable film.

In the case of vest protection elements as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, each protection element will comprise two layers of comfort foam 29 and 30 between which will be arranged the inflatable bladder 25 flexible cellular alveolar, with closed cellular structure and with low density, of the polyethylene type, chemically crosslinked according to different EUROCORP, ALVEO processes, etc.

These EUROCORP, ALVEO or other foams have the following advantages: they allow modular thicknesses from 1 to 15 mm; they can have varying densities from 25 to 200 kg / m3; they adapt to the shape of the human body in a hygienic and comfortable way; they are light; they have very good buoyancy which makes it possible to improve the buoyancy of a garment of the vest type intended to be usable as a life jacket; moreover they are insensitive to water, humidity and condensation; they have excellent thermal and sound insulation, thermal insulation allowing in particular in military applications to be undetectable with infrared; they can also be combined with other chemical components or materials, such as EVA for example, to provide shape memory, enabling the comfort material to be preformed to the morphology of a body.

Each bladder 5, 17 and 25 may be made of any suitable material which can be used in particular for devices of the "AIR BAG" type (trademark).

Currently, particularly suitable materials are, for example, mixed neoprene / polyamide fabrics, or preferably silicone / polyamide 6.6 fabrics, new materials with high tenacity SERENA, developed by RHONE.
POULENC FILTEC allowing great air permeability, great resistance to breaking and tearing, great flexibility and weight saving of fabric.

The communication conduits 8, 18a, 18b between the compressed air injection systems 7, 19a, 19b and the bladders 5, 17 and 25 will be made of a suitable material such as, for example, rilsan.

The gas or compressed air capsules and the weights used in the present invention are commercially available products and commonly used currently in "AIR BAG" (trademark) type devices for transport vehicles.

Although only a helmet type clothing and a vest type clothing have been described, it should be understood that the present invention includes all safety clothing as defined by the claims, these clothing may for example also include pants for hockey players, various pants, back support vests especially in rehabilitation after an accident, leggings, protective clothing for child protection, protective clothing for work safety, clothing protective clothing for the protection of insane persons, and protective clothing suitable for all sports and competition disciplines.

Claims (11)

 1. Safety clothing intended for the protection of the human body, characterized in that it comprises at least one protective element (1; 14, 15) against impact comprising: - at least one protective part (1; 16, 20, 21, 22, 23,  24) comprising:  a rigid outer layer (2; 26)  puncture resistant and ensuring  energy distribution due to material shock  composite consisting of a superposition of layers  of fiber fabrics with high  impact strength impregnated with a resin  thermoplastic,  an absorbent intermediate thickness  the energy (3; 27, 28), arranged at least  partially under the rigid outer layer,  which consists of at least one layer of a  energy absorbing material with return to  initial position,  at least one comfort and hygiene cushion  (4; 29, 30), arranged at least partially under  the intermediate energy absorbing thickness, which  consists of cellular material composed of  sealed, foam-type closed cells capable of  conform to the shape of the body, - an inflatable bladder (5; 17, 25) in communication with the  minus a compressed air injection system (7; 19a, 19b).  2. Safety clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that the inflatable bladder (5; 17, 25) has several compartments interconnected.  3. Safety clothing according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas or compressed air injection system (7; 19a, 19b) comprises a system for triggering the inflation of the bladder of the type pull wire.  4. Safety clothing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas or compressed air injection system (7; 19a, 19b) comprises a system for triggering the inflation of the bladder including a pyrotechnic striker reacting to a counterweight or accelerometer.  5. Safety clothing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rigid outer layer (2; 26) has an integrated surface coating.  6. Safety clothing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate energy absorbing thickness consists of two separate layers (27, 28), each of these layers being made of an absorbent material of energy with return to the different initial position.  7. Safety clothing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is of helmet type.  8. Safety clothing according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a protective element consisting of a protective part (1) having a substantially hemispherical shape comprising a rigid outer shell (2) of multilayer composite material with matrix thermoplastic, an intermediate shell (3) of material capable of absorbing energy with return to the initial position, disposed inside the outer shell (2) and covering the interior of the outer shell (2) except an area lying on about 3/4 of the half-perimeter in the lower rear part of the hemispherical protection part (1), comfort and hygiene foam cushions (4) arranged inside the intermediate shell (3), and an inflatable bladder (5) arranged between the outer shell (2) and the skull in the rear lower part of the helmet not comprising an intermediate shell (3) and comfort and comfort cushions 'hygiene (4).  9. Safety clothing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is of the vest type.  10. Safety clothing according to claim 9, characterized in that the bladder (25) is arranged between two thicknesses (29, 30) of comfort and hygiene cushions.  11. Safety clothing according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises a front protective element (14) comprising at least one protective part (16) in the form of a plate and an inflatable bladder (17 ) and a rear protective element (15) comprising at least one protective part (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) in the form of a plate and an inflatable bladder (25).