DK146082B - PIG FEED SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING OILS - Google Patents

Description

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DIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Patent Application No .: 2911/77 (51) lnt.CI.3: A23K 1/06 (22) Filing Date: Jun 29, 1977 (41) Aim. available: 31 Dec 1977 (44) Submitted: 27 Jun 1983 (86) International Application No: - (30) Priority: 30 Jun 1976 DE 2629268

(71) Applicant: * BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT; 6700 Ludwlgshafen, DE

(72) Inventor: Anton * Buchner; DE, Reinert 'Witting; DE, Karl 'Frank; DE, Walter 'Ellenberger; DE, Heinrich 'Wiesche; THE.

(74) Plenipotentiary: Hofman-Bang & Boutard Patent Office (54) Pig feed supplement containing beer yeast

The invention relates to a feed additive for monogasters containing liquid beer yeast, with a dry matter content of 8 - 18 or 23 - 25% by weight.

In beer making, in addition to mash as an additional Q significant by-product useful for animal nutrition, liquid beer yeast NI with a dry matter content of 8 - 25% appears. - Beer yeast, because of its high § vitamin and protein content, belongs to the most valuable by-products in connection with beer brewing . It is therefore gaining more and more into animal feeding.

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The feeding of liquid, uncooked beer yeast to ruminants is known.

Dairy cows can be consumed daily up to 15 liters of liquid beer yeast. In addition, fresh beer yeast can be used as an excellent protein supplement in fattening feed for young animals. It enables the protein balance in a feed with large proportions of corn silage and grain to be secured.

For use in mixed pig feed, beer yeast is excellently suitable because of its high digestible protein content, energy utilized, and utilizable vitamins and minerals.

The digestibility of the individual nutrients is about 92 -97%. The content of essential amino acids is considered to be favorable.

The biological value of the yeast protein is ea. 70. It is thus in the region known for soybean protein (75), wheat bran (74) and potato (71) protein. Comparatively, poorer values exhibit, for example, protein from peanuts (58), peas (48) and maize (54-60). Of the usual proteinaceous single feeders used in pig feeding, only fish meal protein with a biological value of 76-90 is considered to be better than yeast protein. Beer yeast is rich in vitamins and various minerals, especially phosphorus.

Liquid beer yeast is very watery. The solids content varies within a wide range around a mean value of 11 - 13%. Nevertheless, the utilization of fresh beer yeast in monogasters, for example fattening pigs, is of interest, as shown in the following calculation: 1 tonne of fresh beer yeast with a dry solids content of 12% contains 120 kg of beer yeast solids which, according to an estimate, is equivalent to approx. . 150 kg soybean (87% dry matter).

However, the feeding of pigs with fresh, untreated beer yeast presents difficulties. It is known that the live yeast cells cause malnutrition and persistent diarrhea in the digestive tract of the animals.

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In addition, the resorbability of the nutrients and vitamins from live yeast cells seems to be poorer than from killed yeast. It is known that fresh beer yeast can be cooked before the feeding of pigs, which, however, is associated with a decrease in the digestibility of the foodstuffs and thus leads to a reduced feed value. For this reason and obviously because of the relatively high investment costs and the large labor supply required to operate the plants, this method (boiling of fresh, liquid beer yeast) has so far not been widely accepted.

GB-A-491 045 discloses a process which makes certain waste products arising from the production of alcohol from cereals durable by increasing the lactic acid concentration, whereby these waste products can be used as feed. By natural decomposition, lactic acid concentrations of 2 - 3? Ό are taken into account, which is sufficient to make grain residues remaining after alcoholic fermentation and after distillation of the alcohol durable. In the aforementioned patent, beer yeast and the organic acids used in the present invention are not mentioned.

GB Patent No. 1,246,231 discloses a process for pasteurizing bakery yeast by the addition of certain acids which do not kill the yeast, such as inorganic acids, lactic acid and citric acid.

By contrast, this patent does not include beer yeasts containing 8-18 and 23-25 weight solids, respectively.

Feed additives for monogastric feed have been obtained on the basis of liquid beer yeast, which can be tolerated by the animals for a long period of time without interruption, without disturbance,

It has now been found that feed additives for liquid beer yeast monogasters do not exhibit the above disadvantages when they additionally contain 0.5 to 4% by weight of low molecular weight organic acid selected from propionic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, acrylic acid or mixtures. of these acids. The feed material according to the invention is therefore peculiar to the characterizing part of claim 1. In this context, ued monogaster must preferably understand suin. Liquid beer yeast is understood to mean both liquid beer yeast in a narrower sense ', e.g. beer yeast with a dry matter content of 8 - 18% by weight, and pressed, liquid beer yeast with a dry matter content of approx. 23-25% by weight. The weight ratios of 0.5 to 4% by weight in this case refer to the liquid beer yeast in its present form, i.e.. dry matter plus uand. Thus, a content of 1% organic acid means, for example, to 99 kg of liquid beer yeast or depressed beer yeast 1 kg of organic acid is added. Propionic acid is preferred. Feed additives containing 1% by weight propionic acid have been shown to be particularly ineffective.

The present feed additives are prepared without mixing the liquid beer yeast with the organic acid. This can be done, for example, in that the acid is poured into the yeast or that the yeast is poured into the acid and that the mixture is thoroughly mixed. The advantage of the feed additive according to the invention is to be seen that it is easy to produce and that the protein therein is easily digestible, whereas the cooking of beer yeast is elaborate and time consuming and is associated with considerable energy consumption, and the protein without cooking becomes more difficult to digest. In contrast, the preparation of the feed additives in question can be carried out by simply pouring the acid into the yeast and stirring.

Beer yeasts still contain bitter substances derived from the hops used during the beer production, soiling bitters affects the taste of this yeast in a harmful direction and is responsible for the animals being able to absorb only limited quantities of beer yeast in the feed. It is therefore surprising that the animals can absorb relatively large amounts of the subject feed additive in the feed, even though the bitter substances are not removed from the beer yeast and the bitter, sour taste is enhanced by the acid addition.

In addition, it is surprising that the beer yeast in the feed additives of the invention is almost completely digested, although the yeast cells in the mixture with organic acids are not disrupted and it is therefore assumed that the content of the yeast cells is not available to the digestive juices.

EXAMPLE 1

Pigs' utilization of liquid beer yeast treated with propionic acid

Pigs that are at an early stage of growth exhibit very intense growth in the case of high quality feed, in the weight range between approx. 10 and 20 kg. Feedstuffs whose feed value needs to be examined can be tested particularly well in such animals because they react immediately with a deficient weight gain when the total feed contains only poor or medically usable feed in high proportions.

In this way, a reliable statement can be made about the value of the feed materials investigated for the pig diet on the basis of the total weight gain recorded in the pig test and the daily weight gain, respectively.

A test was carried out with pigs to determine the feed value of liquid beer yeast treated with 1% propionic acid (1 000 kg per 100 kg of liquid beer yeast). A total of 24 pigs were kept in a fully air-conditioned barn. The average weight was approx. 8 kg.

After a 12-day feeding period, two feeding groups were formed with each 12 animals, which, in terms of weight and growth intensity, were roughly similar. The two animal groups received a different compound feed over a period of 3 weeks, as can be seen in the following table: 6 146082

TABLE

Feeding test with beer yeast in connection with pigs 1. Feeding the test groups

Group 1 Group 2

Supply in supply- Supply in test week "X" search week "X" _X = 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.

Feed volume per animal / daq in g

Corn 300.0 525.0 675.0 300.0 525.0 675.0 *

Protein concentrate 100.0 175.0 225.0 - Beer yeast, liquid - - 1200.0 1800.0 2000.0

Vitaminized mineral feed - - - 20.0 20.0 20.0 Nutrients per. animal / daq in g

Digestible Crude Protein 65.0 113.0 145.0 80.0 136.0 160.0 GN (Total Nutrient) 249.0 435.0 565.0 288.0 477.0 585.0

Methionine / cystine 2.2 3.9 5.0 2.3 3.7 4.3

Lysine 4.3 7.5 9.7 4.7 7.2 8.1 ★ = Commercial feed with sufficient vitamin and mineral content

The animals in feeding group 1 (control group) received a ration consisting of corn and a high quality vitaminized and mineralized protein concentrate (65? Ό fish meal). The animals in feeding group 2 were fed liquid beer yeast with a dry matter content of 12 - 13 as a source of protein in the feed instead of the protein concentrate and is vitaminized mineral feed. In the ration formulation, it was sought that all the animals were given approximately equal amounts of the essential amino acids lysine and methionine / cystine. Since the beer yeast protein is relatively poor on the sulfur-containing amino acids, more protein and energy had to be dosed to the test animals than to the control animals to achieve this purpose. Still, these animals got into the 3rd. ' trial week less methionine / cystine and lysine than the pigs in the control group.

The beer yeast was readily absorbed by the animals in the amounts indicated.

The manure from the animals in the beer yeast group was solid and colored in a similar manner to the animals in the control group. No diarrhea occurred in any animal. All pigs wore shiny hair and appeared to be well.

The weight development of the pigs in both test groups was excellent.

The growth shown in the table during the 3-week trial in both test groups averaged 10 kg per day. per animal or to 476 g. animals per day. It must be described as being extremely good.

TABLE

Feeding test with beer yeast for pigs 2. Experimental results

Group 1 Group 2 (Protein- Beer yeast, concentrate)

Number of animals 12 11

Average weight per day animals in kg at the beginning of the experiment 12.9 13.3

Average weight per day animals in kg at the end of the experiment 22.9 23.3

Average growth per animals in kg in the 1st week 1.9 2.5

Average growth per animals in kg in the second week 3.8 3.1

Average growth per animals in kg in the 3rd week 4.3 4.4

Total 10.0 10.0

Average daily growth during the test period in g 476 476 = An animal had to be sampled due to tail bite.

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The experiment shows that beer yeasts treated with propionic acid are best utilized by pigs. In addition, it is evident that pigs in the early growth period in the weight range between ca. 13 and 23 kg can absorb increasing amounts of beer yeast (from about 1.2 to 2 liters daily).

EXAMPLE 2

Utilization_of the propionic acid-treated beer yeast_of fatty pigs

Liquid beer yeast is even more advantageously utilized by fat pigs than by pigs. In a fattening test, it was to be investigated whether liquid beer yeast treated with propionic acid is able to replace high-quality commercial protein concentrate. 23 kg, which on the basis of preliminary tests, was known to have very strong growth in the early stage, and was divided into two groups of claims. After 12 days of onset, the pigs in claim group 1 (control group) received daily barley and 300 g of a high quality protein concentrate. The pigs in claim group 2 (the experimental group) were given the same amount of barley. Instead of the protein concentrate, 2.3 kg or 3 kg of beer yeast and 20 g of a vitaminized mineral feed were fed.

The results obtained during the fattening are shown in the following table: 9 146082

TABLE

Weight development of fatty pigs during the initial fattening post-feeding liquid yeast treated with propionic acid

Feeding group 1 Feeding group 2 _ (control group) (experimental group)

Daily ration Barley Build 300 g protein - 2.5 kg beer yeast from concentrate (initially, and taminized and 3 kg beer yeast from mineralized) animal weight 40 kg 20 g vitaminized mineral feed

Fattening results: ^? 9i_i_k9_PEi_ animals:

Experimental start 27.2 27.7

End of Initial Fattening 52.3 54.9

Growth during initial fattening in kg per animals 25.1 27.2

Average daily growth per animals in g 598 648

As can be seen from these results, fatty pigs make the best use of propionic yeasts. According to the results of this experiment, it is even possible to completely replace the protein concentrate with liquid beer yeast; however, feed must be supplemented by a calcium-rich and highly vitaminized mineral feed.

The fattening pigs in claim group 2 absorbed the feed just as readily as the pigs in the control group. The yeast, which was treated with 1 kg of propionic acid per day. 100 kg was used in all cases for a claim after a storage period of about 4 days. The manure of the test animals was comparable to the manure from the control animals in terms of texture and staining. No diarrhea or disease occurred.

146082 ίο In this experiment, the pigs receiving beer yeast as protein feed were clearly superior in comparison to the pigs from the control group in terms of weight development. Such superiority can only be achieved in an experiment like the present with a protein that is virtually digested and fully utilized. Since the yeast cells are not disrupted by the treatment with propionic acid j, this observation is surprising.

Due to the relatively high content of hop bitter bitter yeast resins in fresh beer yeast, pigs eat only weeks of fresh beer yeast or only in relatively low quantities. For example, pigs consume liquid, cooked beer yeast in daily quantities of 1.5 liters per day. fat pigs at the beginning of the fattening, increasing to 4 liters towards the end of the fattening. As shown in the fattening experiments, liquid beer yeasts treated with propionic acid are surprisingly prepared by pigs and fatty pigs. The following quantities of liquid beer yeast can be used as feed for pigs after treatment with propionic acid:

Uptake of liquid beer yeast Weight of animals in kg_i liter_ 20 2 30 2,5 40 3 60 4 100 6

That the feeding of such high quantities of liquid beer yeast is possible despite the bitter substances is surprising.