CN1498984A - Multi-element alloy coating - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-element alloy coating is composed of five to ten main elements selected from fourteen elements including iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, manganese, boron and carbon, wherein each main element accounts for 3% to 35% of the atomic percentage of the multi-element alloy coating. The thickness of the coating is between 0.05mm and 0.5mm. The multi-element alloy coating can be sprayed on the plated object by thermal spraying or spray melting.

Description

Multi-element alloy coating

technical field

The invention relates to a multi-element alloy coating, especially a multi-element alloy coating composed of at least five main elements.

Background technique

The so-called coating is usually made by grinding the coating material into powder by thermal spraying method (Thermal Spray), injecting the powder into a spray gun driven by electric energy or thermal energy, and passing an appropriate reaction gas into the spray gun, Using the above-mentioned electric energy or thermal energy to make the gas react or the plasma gas to generate high energy, heat and accelerate the coating material, the huge energy melts or semi-melts the powder, the powder is accelerated by the high-speed gas, ejected from the nozzle, and sprayed at high speed Or spray and melt on the plated object to form a coating to enhance the hardness, oxidation resistance or temperature resistance of the plated object.

Due to its different principles, thermal spraying can be divided into plasma spraying (Plasma Spray), flame spraying (Flame Spray), arc spraying (Arc Spray), high velocity flame spraying (HighVelocity Oxygen Fuel), explosive spraying (Detonation Gun), etc. .

The coating materials used in traditional thermal spraying generally include aluminum-based, cobalt-based, nickel-based, copper-based, iron-based, etc. The selection of coating materials is based on a single element as the main component element, that is, the single main component element accounts for The atomic percentage of the coating material is more than 40%, and the rest of the elements are secondary elements.

However, the traditional alloy coating with "single element as the main component element" obviously limits the freedom of alloy composition in its alloy design concept, which will inevitably limit the development of the special microstructure and properties of the alloy.

Moreover, the traditional alloy coating with "single element as the main component element" often has the phenomenon of temper softening after heat treatment, which causes inconvenience in production and application.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned defects and avoid the existence of defects. The multi-element alloy coating of the present invention, by using five to ten elements as the main constituent elements, is more effective than the traditional alloy coating with a single element as the main constituent element. The layer has more excellent temperature resistance and hardness.

Another object of the present invention is that the multi-component alloy coating of the present invention hardly occurs temper softening phenomenon after heat treatment at 1100°C for 10 hours and then furnace cooling.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the multi-element alloy coating of the present invention is from fourteen kinds of elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, carbon, It is composed of any five to ten main elements, wherein each main element accounts for 3% to 35% of the atomic percentage of the multi-element alloy coating, and the thickness of the coating is between 0.05mm and 0.5mm. By means of spraying or spraying, etc., the multi-element alloy coating is sprayed on the object to be plated.

The detailed description and technical contents of the present invention are described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the production flowchart of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the experimental data diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an experimental data diagram of the hardness value after furnace cooling of the present invention after heat treatment at 1100°C for 10 hours.

Detailed ways

The multi-component alloy coating of the present invention is selected from fourteen elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, and carbon, and randomly selects five to ten elements. It consists of two main elements, wherein each main element accounts for 3%-35% of the composition of the multi-element alloy coating, and the thickness of the coating is between 0.05mm and 0.5mm.

The above-mentioned multi-element alloy coating can be sprayed on the surface of the object to be plated by thermal spraying method (also known as spray method or spraying method) to form a coating. The object to be plated needs to be cleaned (usually by pickling) before spraying. ), roughening (usually using sandblasting), to make the surface of the plated object clean and rough, so as to increase the adhesion of the multi-element alloy coating to the plated object.

In addition, the coating produced by thermal spraying has some pores in it, although the strength of the coating is slightly reduced, but the toughness of the coating is significantly increased. In high temperature applications and high temperature processes, these pores can be reduced due to the thermal expansion of the material. The thermal stress makes the coating less likely to peel off.

Referring to Fig. 1, it is the production flowchart of the present invention, as shown in the figure: the multi-element alloy coating of the present invention can directly use the powder material of selected five to ten main elements, after uniform mixing, the The powder is injected into a spray gun driven by electric energy or thermal energy, and an appropriate reaction gas is introduced into the spray gun, and the above-mentioned electric energy or thermal energy is used to make the gas react or the plasma gas generates high energy, and the coating material is heated and Acceleration, the huge energy melts or semi-melts the powder, and causes the alloying phenomenon of the coating material. The powder is accelerated by the high-speed gas, injected from the nozzle, and sprayed or melted on the object to be plated at high speed to form a multi-element alloy coating. layer.

The multi-element alloy coating of the present invention can also pre-melt the selected materials of five to ten main elements into an ingot in a smelting manner, and then crush and grind the ingot into a powder material, which is screened by a sieve. Afterwards, obtain a powder material with a particle size between 5 μm and 200 μm, inject the powder into a spray gun driven by electric energy or thermal energy, and pass an appropriate reaction gas into the spray gun to utilize the above-mentioned electric energy or thermal energy The gas reacts or the plasma gas generates high energy, heats and accelerates the coating material, and the huge energy melts or semi-melts the powder. The powder is accelerated by the high-speed gas, ejected from the nozzle, and sprayed or melted on the substrate at high speed. On the plating, a multi-element alloy coating is formed.

In addition, in the multi-element alloy coating of the present invention, the selected five to ten main elements can be melted in a smelting manner and then directly atomized into a powder material by spraying, and the powder can be obtained after screening through a sieve. The powder material with a particle size between 5 μm and 200 μm is injected into a spray gun driven by electric energy or heat energy, and an appropriate reaction gas is passed into the spray gun, and the above-mentioned electric energy or heat energy is used to cause the gas to react or The plasma gas generates high energy, heats and accelerates the coating material, and the huge energy melts or semi-melts the powder. The powder is accelerated by the high-speed gas, ejected from the nozzle, and sprayed or melted on the object to be plated at high speed to form Multi-element alloy coating.

In addition, in the multi-element alloy coating of the present invention, the selected materials of five to ten main elements can also be made into precursors (Precursor) through chemical treatment by thermal mist decomposition method (Spray Pyrosis), and then mixed into Appropriate solution or solvent is injected into the thermal spraying cavity, and then the solution containing multi-component alloy elements is sprayed out through high-speed gas, and then the useless solvent and other impurities are burned off at high temperature, and alloy particles are formed to adhere to the plated object, thereby Form multi-element alloy coating.

Referring to Fig. 2, it is the experimental data diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure: the multi-element alloy coating of the present invention, from iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, Among the fourteen elements such as manganese, boron, carbon, etc., six to eight main elements are randomly selected, and the percentages of each main element are as shown in the coating numbers 1 to 40. The total weight of the multi-element alloy coating configuration is about 3000 According to the melting point of each main element during production, place it in the water-cooled copper mold of the vacuum arc melting furnace from top to bottom, cover the upper cover of the vacuum arc melting furnace, extract the vacuum to 0.01 atmospheric pressure (atm), and then fill it with pure Argon to 0.2 atmospheric pressure (atm), in order to ensure that the alloy will not be oxidized in large quantities, repeat the above-mentioned pumping and inflating process three times, first melt the titanium element to remove oxygen, and then melt it. After the melting is uniform, wait for it to cool into an alloy block, and The alloy block is turned over, and the above-mentioned melting operation is repeated more than five times to ensure that the main elements are evenly mixed, and finally cooled and solidified on a water-cooled copper mold to form an ingot.

After the above ingot is crushed into particles with a particle size of about several millimeters (mm), it is then ground into a fine powder by a machine, and the obtained powder is sieved through a sieve (such as 325 mesh) to obtain a powder with a particle size of less than 44 μm Then the powder material is sent from the powder feeding machine to the plasma spraying machine through the powder feeding pipe. The powder is melted into a molten or semi-molten state by high temperature, and is accelerated by high-speed gas, injected through the nozzle, and sprayed on the substrate at high speed. On the plated object, the object to be plated is a stainless steel test piece that has been sandblasted, and it is arranged on a high-speed rotating test piece holder, which can be slowly moved up and down by the nozzle, and cooperate with the high-speed rotation of the test piece holder to achieve the purpose of uniform spraying thickness , the thickness of the coating is about 0.15mm, between 0.05mm and 0.5mm, and the test piece can be removed from the test piece seat after the spraying is completed and the gas is rapidly cooled.

At this time, use a Vickers Hardness Tester to measure the hardness values of the coating sections of all the test pieces with coating numbers 1 to 40 that have been completed through the above process. The above test pieces are cut and embedded in sequence with # 180, #240, #400, #600, #800, #1200 silicon carbide sandpapers are ground and then measured. The applied load is 100 grams, and the loading time is 15 seconds. Each test piece is measured at five different positions. Hardness, taking the average of the three average values in the middle as the hardness of this test piece, it can be found that the hardness value of the multi-component alloy coating of the present invention varies from Hv600 to Hv1100, which is higher than that of a single element that does not add ceramics or carbides. The alloy coating has high hardness. In addition, if the composition of the multi-component alloy coating of the present invention contains elements such as silicon, aluminum, boron, or carbon, it usually has relatively high hardness.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, they are the experimental data diagrams of the embodiments of the present invention, and the experimental data diagrams of the furnace-cooled hardness values of the present invention after heat treatment at 1100°C for 10 hours. The alloy coated and unsprayed stainless steel test pieces were heat treated in an air furnace at 1100°C for 10 hours and then cooled in the furnace. It was found that the surface of the test pieces with the above coating numbers 15, 17 and 29 had almost no abnormalities, indicating that the coating was excellent. The high-temperature oxidation resistance is completely inferior to the traditional stainless steel test piece showing serious surface oxidation and oxide peeling, and the hardness value of the multi-element alloy coating is compared with that before heat treatment. Instead of high-temperature tempering softening, there is an increase in hardness This is a phenomenon that the traditional alloy coating does not have, showing that the multi-element alloy coating of the present invention has extremely excellent temperature resistance characteristics.

Claims (8)

1. a multi-element alloy coating, it is characterized in that, this multi-element alloy coating is made of iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, carbon etc. Among the elements, five to ten main elements are randomly selected, and each main element accounts for 3% to 35 atomic percent of the composition of the multi-element alloy coating. 2. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the coating is between 0.05mm and 0.5mm. 3. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coating is produced by thermal spraying or spray melting after uniformly mixing the powders of the above five to ten main elements. 4. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coating is made of the above five to ten main elements after being smelted into alloy lumps at high temperature, then pulverized and screened into alloy powder, and then It is made by thermal spraying or spraying and melting. 5. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coating is directly atomized and screened into alloy powder by spraying method after utilizing the five to ten main elements melted at high temperature, and then It is made by thermal spraying or spraying and melting. 6. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating is made of precursors by chemical treatment using the above five to ten main elements by thermal mist decomposition, and then mixed with an appropriate solution or solvent, and then made by thermal spraying or spraying and melting. 7. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, the hardness of the coating ranges from Hv600 to Hv1100. 8. The multi-element alloy coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, the coating can additionally add some ceramics, carbides, borides, nitrides and other compounds as additives to increase the hardness of the coating.

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