CN118548202A - Multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism - Google Patents

Multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118548202A
CN118548202A CN202410487700.1A CN202410487700A CN118548202A CN 118548202 A CN118548202 A CN 118548202A CN 202410487700 A CN202410487700 A CN 202410487700A CN 118548202 A CN118548202 A CN 118548202A
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coil
armature
electromagnetic actuator
electromagnetic
electromagnet
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CN118548202B (en
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张进杰
董添雨
王瑶
于梦凡
王惟森
王沛
张佳乐
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

一种多电磁铁并联软着陆电磁执行机构属于往复式压缩机领域。现有的电磁驱动往复式压缩机气量调节系统落座噪声大，灵敏度高可控性差，无法进行精细化生产调控。本文提出了一种新型多电磁体并联软着陆电磁执行装置，通过多个绕组线圈并联减小电感，改善电磁执行器控制特性，设计了V型槽缓冲装置有效降低电磁执行器落座速度。通过对电磁铁结构尺寸的合理设计，保证了电磁铁能够产生足够大的电磁力来推动负载，实现了电磁执行机构软着陆，并且控制特性得到优化可实现精细化调控，满足往复式压缩机无级气量调节需求。

A multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator belongs to the field of reciprocating compressors. The existing electromagnetic-driven reciprocating compressor air volume control system has a large seating noise, high sensitivity and poor controllability, and cannot be finely regulated in production. This paper proposes a new multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator, which reduces the inductance by connecting multiple winding coils in parallel, improves the control characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator, and designs a V-groove buffer device to effectively reduce the seating speed of the electromagnetic actuator. Through the reasonable design of the structural size of the electromagnet, it is ensured that the electromagnet can generate a large enough electromagnetic force to push the load, realizing the soft landing of the electromagnetic actuator, and the control characteristics are optimized to achieve fine regulation, meeting the needs of stepless air volume regulation of reciprocating compressors.

Description

Multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of air quantity regulation of reciprocating compressors, and relates to a novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator for stepless air quantity regulation by an electromagnetic driving air valve, which is reasonably designed by structural parameters of the electromagnetic actuator, the parallel connection method of the plurality of electromagnet winding coils is provided for reducing the inductance and improving the control characteristic of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism, and the soft landing is realized by combining the V-shaped groove buffer device to reduce the working noise, so that the requirement of air quantity adjustment of the reciprocating compressor under different working conditions can be met.
Background
Most of the domestic stepless air volume regulating systems are provided with air valves which are pushed up by hydraulic actuating mechanisms, oil way pipelines of the hydraulic actuating mechanisms are numerous, the cost is high, the maintenance is inconvenient, the oil belongs to inflammable and explosive substances, the leakage risk exists, the pollution to compressed media can be caused, the cost can be effectively reduced by replacing the hydraulic mechanisms through electromagnetic devices, and the maintenance is convenient.
Patent CN115992744a proposes an electromagnetic actuator for buffering and noise reduction by adding a gasket made of non-magnetic conductive material at the limit motion position of an electromagnet, which does not reduce the motion speed of the motion end of an armature, and belongs to hard landing noise reduction; the solenoid valve used in CN207609641U serves the hydraulic air volume regulating system and is not truly an electromagnetic air volume regulating system; the electromagnetic actuator applied to the air volume adjustment of the reciprocating compressor, which is mentioned in the patent CN113958485A, only carries out parameter design on the structure of the electromagnetic actuator to obtain electromagnetic force and temperature rise characteristics so as to meet the performance requirement of the reciprocating compressor, and the problems of noise and control characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator under the actual working condition are not solved.
The electromagnetic actuating mechanism realizes soft landing to reduce working noise and electromagnetic actuating mechanism inductance to improve control characteristics through reasonable design of structural parameters of a V-shaped groove buffer device and the number of parallel winding coils, and can meet the requirement of air volume adjustment of the reciprocating compressor under different working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of designing an electromagnetic actuating mechanism applied to air quantity adjustment of a reciprocating compressor.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical proposal:
A multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is characterized in that:
the electromagnetic actuator comprises a direct-current electromagnetic actuator, an air valve and an unloader, wherein the direct-current electromagnetic actuator consists of an upper end cover, an electromagnetic actuator shell, a base, an armature, a V-shaped groove buffer device and a parallel winding magnetic coil, and the main body structure of the electromagnetic actuator adopts a plane column baffle central tube type electromagnetic actuator;
During initial installation, a coil framework is firstly installed on the inner surface of a pole shoe and a winding coil is installed, then an outer shell of an electromagnetic actuating mechanism is fixed on the pole shoe, the outer shell is fixed with the pole shoe through six transverse countersunk bolts, and the countersunk bolts are symmetrically arranged by taking the central shaft of a push rod of an unloader as a symmetrical axis; secondly, mounting a lower sleeve on an ejector rod of the unloader, and mounting an upper guide rail, a lower guide rail and a V-shaped groove assembly on an armature together with the upper sleeve after the assembly is completed to form a moving part of an electromagnetic actuating mechanism; then the upper limiting ring is connected with the end cover through a screw, the electromagnetic actuator moving part is installed in the electromagnetic actuator moving working cavity, the assembled end cover part is connected with the electromagnetic actuator outer shell through a screw, and the O-shaped ring is additionally arranged in the middle; the stroke displacement adjustment of the electromagnet ejector rod is realized by adjusting the thicknesses of the upper limiting ring and the lower limiting gasket; meanwhile, a sensor hole is reserved at the upper end of the electromagnet, and the displacement of the armature and the ejector rod of the unloader is observed through the installation of an eddy current sensor;
The electromagnetic actuating mechanism is controlled by the singlechip, the controller generates forward and reverse exciting voltage to charge and discharge the electromagnet, electromagnetic force is generated when a winding coil of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is charged, and the armature moves downwards under the driving of the electromagnetic force until contacting with the lower limiting gasket; the ejector rod of the unloader is subjected to electromagnetic force transmitted by the armature, so that the valve plate is ejected by downward movement, and redundant gas of the compressor flows back; when the residual gas in the working cavity reaches the gas quantity required by production, the electromagnetic actuating mechanism discharges, the electromagnetic force disappears, the spring in the unloader pushes the ejector rod of the unloader and the armature to reset and withdraw, and the air inlet valve is closed.
The controller generates positive and negative voltages at different times, the positive and negative voltages act on the electromagnet to meet the requirements of inductance and control characteristics of the electromagnet, and the V-shaped groove buffer device acts on the electromagnetic actuating mechanism to meet the soft landing characteristics of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism.
The method of the V-shaped groove buffer device comprises the following steps:
1) At the initial moment, the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is not electrified, the upper surface of the armature contacts with the upper limiting ring (the armature is positioned at the stroke position of x l mm) under the action of the pressure in the cylinder, the return spring and the V-shaped groove buffer device, and at the moment, the valve plate of the unloader is not jacked up, and the air quantity is not regulated.
2) When the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is electrified and the armature moves, positive electricity is applied to the parallel winding coil in the ejection process, and the electromagnet starts to move downwards under the action of a magnetic field generated by the parallel winding coil, so that the valve plate is ejected by the pressure fork of the unloader, and gas is discharged from the unloader, thereby realizing gas quantity adjustment. When the stroke is x l-x2 mm, the V-shaped groove buffer device applies a forward acting force to the armature, when the stroke is x 2-x1 mm, the V-shaped groove buffer device does not apply an acting force to the armature, and when the stroke is x 1 mm-0mm, the V-shaped groove buffer device applies a reverse acting force to the armature, so that the speed of the armature is reduced rapidly, and soft landing is realized.
3) In the withdrawing process, the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is electrified, counter electricity is applied to the parallel winding coil, the armature withdraws under the action of the in-cylinder pressure, the reset spring and the V-shaped groove buffer device, the V-shaped groove buffer device applies forward acting force to the armature in the 0-x 1 mm stroke, the V-shaped groove buffer device does not apply acting force to the armature in the x 1-x2 mm stroke, and the V-shaped groove buffer device applies reverse acting force to the armature in the x 2mm-xl mm stroke, so that soft landing is realized.
4) Repetition 2) -3).
The structural parameters of the V-shaped groove buffer device are determined by the following specific calculation method:
1) Determining the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the V-shaped groove buffer device:
Determination of electromagnetic force F C
As shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic actuator is forced as follows:
And (3) ejection:
When x is more than or equal to 0mm and less than x 1 mm,
When the length of the tube is up to about x 1mm≤x＜x2 mm,
When the length of the tube is up to about x 2mm≤x＜xl mm,
And (3) an ejection maintaining process:
Fc+mg＝FT+FV+Fp+F Support frame (x＝xlmm)
Withdrawal process:
when the length of the tube is up to about x 2mm≤x＜xl mm,
When the length of the tube is up to about x 1mm≤x＜x2 mm,
When x is more than or equal to 0mm and less than x 1 mm,
In the above formula:
F C: an electromagnetic force;
m: the movable part quality;
g: acceleration of gravity;
F T: unloader return spring force, F T =k (x+l);
F Support frame : the supporting force of the limit disc of the unloader;
k: stiffness coefficient of the spring;
x: displacement of the unloader;
l: a spring pre-compression amount;
f: system friction;
x l: an unloader stroke;
t: the ejection process time of the unloader;
F P: gas force in the cylinder;
f V: acting force of V-shaped groove buffer device;
The electromagnetic force F c generated by the electromagnet needs to satisfy:
Fc+mg-FT-FV-Fp≥0
The design range of the electromagnetic force F c is determined by combining the above formulas, and a value which is rounded by 1.5 times of the critical electromagnetic force F c is selected as the design electromagnetic force F d, namely:
Fd＝round(1.5xFc)
II, determining the range of the armature diameter d x by an electromagnetic attraction formula, wherein the electromagnetic attraction formula is as follows:
In the above formula:
B δ: magnetic induction intensity;
The outer diameter D of the V-shaped groove buffer device is equal to the armature diameter D x, and the outer diameter D is known as III:
D＝dx
Equivalent the relation between the boss on the armature and the V-shaped groove buffer device as the relation between a key and a key groove, and check national standard GB/T1095-79; standard dimensions of flat key and key slot, determining the inner diameter d of V-shaped groove buffer device, boss width b 1, boss height t 1, V-shaped groove width b 2, and V-shaped groove depth t 2.
IV, the height L 1 of the V-shaped groove buffer device, the height L 2 of the V-shaped groove buffer component, the height L 3 of the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, the width L 4 of the main working surface, the length L 5 of the armature boss and the length L 6 of the working side surface of the V-shaped groove are arranged.
L1＝0.5h＝L2+2L3
L2＝2L4+(b2-y)tanθ+L6
In the above formula:
r e is the yield strength of the material;
h: winding coil height, winding coil height h, is related only to coil thickness b, and the size of the coil height h is determined according to the following formula, namely:
h＝2.45×b
Coil thickness b is determined by housing inner diameter D n, armature diameter D x, bobbin and insulation thickness The calculation expression is determined as follows:
Dn＝2.65×dx
Wherein the coil thickness b and the coil skeleton and the insulation thickness The following relationship is satisfied:
the two formulas are combined, and the size of the coil thickness b is determined, so that the height h of the winding coil is obtained;
θ: v-groove angle
Y: main working face width of V-shaped groove buffer assembly
Determination of the V-groove angle θ
The structure can be obtained by a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device,
V-shaped groove buffer device needs to ensure that the armature is displaced by x l mm
The number N of the parallel winding coils of the electromagnet is confirmed, and the specific calculation is as follows:
1) The method for reducing the inductance by adopting the N winding coils in parallel improves the control characteristic of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism, wherein the control characteristic comprises the change of the inductance L' And is combined with after parallel connection and the total load flow I Total (S) of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
i, determining coil inductance:
When current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is induced in the coil, which in turn generates an induced current that resists the current passing through the coil. It is a circuit parameter describing the effect of induced electromotive force caused in the present coil or in another coil due to the change of coil current, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
In the above formula:
mu 0: magnetic permeability;
N: a number of turns of the coil;
A: an effective cross-sectional area;
q: average magnetic path length;
II, determining the total inductance of the parallel coil:
The single coil inductance and the total inductance can be obtained according to the parallel inductance change formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
and the n inductors have no coupling relation, so that the total inductance L' And is combined with of the n coils connected in parallel can be obtained according to the parallel relation and kirchhoff current node theorem as follows:
The inductive reactance X L can be known from lenz's law:
XL′＝ωLv＝2πfL′
In the above formula:
Omega: represents the angular frequency of the applied current in radians per second (rad/s);
f: represents the frequency of the applied current in hertz (Hz);
l': representing the self-inductance; in henry (H)
X L′: the inductance of the coil is in ohm (omega)
The total current and total inductance in the circuit are as follows:
XL′ And is combined with ＝ωL＝2πfL′ And is combined with
In the above formula:
u: representing the total voltage in the line in volts (V);
III, determining the parallel number N of coils:
the parallel connection of N winding coils needs to meet the requirement that the coil temperature rise is in an allowable range, and the calculation is as follows:
According to the actual working condition requirements, the coil insulation grade is checked Cha Guobiao GB/T11026.1-2016 electric insulation material heat resistance, the highest allowable temperature and the temperature rise range of the coil are determined according to the highest allowable temperature table of each level of insulation materials, the coil heat dissipation coefficient K T is checked, and the Newton formula is used for calculation:
In the above formula:
Δt: after long-term power-on, the coil is stably heated;
K T: a heat dissipation coefficient;
S: coil heat dissipation area;
I Total (S) : actual current in the operation of the electromagnet;
the expression of the coil heat dissipation area S is as follows:
S＝Sn+2.4Sw
In the above formula:
S n: an inner surface area of the coil;
S w: the outer surface area of the coil;
S n、Sw is formed by the diameter d x of the armature, the coil framework and the insulation thickness Coil thickness b and coil height h are determined:
Characteristic checking calculation
I, electromagnetic force size characteristics:
after each structural parameter of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is determined, modeling is carried out by using simulation software, simulation calculation is carried out, and whether the electromagnetic force meets the requirement or not is determined, namely, the electromagnetic force is greater than or equal to the design electromagnetic force F d;
II, soft landing characteristics of the V-shaped groove buffer device of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism:
And determining whether the seating speed of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism is improved at the tail end of the ejection process and the tail end of the withdrawal process by using simulation software.
III, control characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator:
modeling simulation is carried out by using simulation software, whether the inductance of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism is identical with the calculated result or not is determined, whether the inductance characteristic is improved or not is determined, and whether the transient characteristic of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism is optimized compared with that of a single electromagnet electromagnetic actuating mechanism or not is determined, namely, the stable working condition appears in the period of the time.
And designing positive and negative driving voltages by using simulation software, and determining whether the control characteristic of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is improved, namely whether the control sensitivity is improved and whether the adjustable interval is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic actuator;
FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of a novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an unloader valve force analysis;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of structural parameters of a winding coil of an electromagnetic actuator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of structural parameters of a V-groove assembly;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the V-groove buffer device;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of the driving voltage generated by the controller;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the transient electromagnetic force with the design electromagnetic force in the waveform diagram of the driving voltage of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the inductance of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the displacement waveforms obtained under the driving voltage waveform of FIG. 7;
FIG. 11 is a control characteristic diagram of a single electromagnet electromagnetic actuator;
FIG. 12 is a graph of novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator control characteristics;
FIG. 13 is a graph of armature movement speed versus time;
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-end caps;
A 2-O-shaped ring;
3-an electromagnetic actuator housing;
4-V-shaped groove upper guide rail;
5-winding coil;
6-V-shaped groove lower guide rails;
7-a gasket;
8-coil collar clamps;
9-pole shoes;
10-an unloader ejector rod;
11-a lower sleeve;
12-barrel pressing;
13-a spring;
14-a nut;
15-a buffer cassette;
16-spacer bush;
17-lift limiter;
18 valve plates;
19-pressing a fork;
20-a spacer mat;
21-a screw;
22-countersunk bolts;
23-a lower limit gasket;
A 24-V groove assembly;
25-armature;
26-upper sleeve;
27-screws;
28-screws;
29-sensor holes;
30-upper limit ring
31-An electromagnetic actuator;
32-unloader
33-Air valve
34-Controller
Detailed Description
The process according to the invention is further illustrated in the following with reference to the attached drawings and examples of implementation:
1. As shown in figure 1, a novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator applied to stepless air volume adjustment of an electromagnetic driving reciprocating compressor is shown in figure 2, and comprises an electromagnetic actuator 31, an unloader 32, an air valve 33 and a controller 34, wherein during initial installation, a coil hoop clamp 8 is firstly installed on the inner surface of a pole shoe 9 and a winding coil 5 is installed, then an electromagnetic actuator shell 3 is fixed on the pole shoe 9, the shell is fixed with the pole shoe 9 through six transverse countersunk bolts 22, and the countersunk bolts 22 are symmetrically arranged by taking the central axis of an ejector rod 10 of the unloader as a symmetrical axis; secondly, mounting a lower sleeve 11 on an unloader ejector rod 10, mounting an upper guide rail 4, a lower guide rail 6 and a V-shaped groove assembly 24 on an armature 25 after the assembly is completed and mounting an upper sleeve 26 on the armature 25, wherein the armature 25 and the unloader ejector rod 10 are connected through threads to jointly form a moving part of an electromagnetic actuating mechanism; then the upper limiting ring 30 is connected with the end cover 1 through a screw 28, the electromagnetic actuator moving part is installed in the electromagnetic actuator moving working cavity, the assembled end cover part is connected with the electromagnetic actuator shell 3 through a screw 27, and the O-shaped ring 2 is additionally arranged in the middle; the stroke displacement adjustment of the electromagnet ejector rod 10 is realized by adjusting the thicknesses of the upper limiting ring 30 and the lower limiting gasket 23; meanwhile, a sensor hole 29 is reserved at the upper end of the electromagnet, and the displacement of the armature 25 and the unloader ejector rod 10 is observed through the installation of an eddy current sensor;
The electromagnetic actuating mechanism is controlled by the singlechip, the controller 34 generates positive and negative excitation voltage to charge and discharge the electromagnet, electromagnetic force is generated when the winding coil 5 of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is charged, and the armature 25 moves downwards under the driving of the electromagnetic force until contacting with the lower limit gasket 23; the unloader ejector rod 10 receives electromagnetic force transmitted by the armature 25, so that the valve plate 18 is ejected by downward movement, and redundant gas of the compressor flows back; when the residual gas in the working cavity reaches the gas quantity required by production, the electromagnetic actuating mechanism 31 discharges, the electromagnetic force disappears, the spring 13 in the unloader 32 pushes the ejector rod 10 and the armature 25 of the unloader to reset and withdraw, and the air inlet valve is closed.
2. The electromagnetic actuator of claim 1, wherein the controller generates positive and negative voltages at different times that act on the electromagnet to meet the inductance and control characteristics requirements of the electromagnet. The embodiment adopts two identical winding coils connected in parallel, and the specific system working condition is given as follows:
(1) Electromagnetic force and armature diameter of the electromagnet are calculated according to system parameters:
maximum spring load force required to be faced by electromagnet 1:
FT＝k(x+l)＝40000×0.0075＝300N
the conditions that electromagnetic force needs to satisfy:
Fc+70-300-200-200≥0
the two formulas can be combined to determine the design range F c of electromagnetic force under the working condition to be more than or equal to 630N, in order to ensure that the electromagnetic actuating mechanism 31 can rapidly eject the unloader ejector rod 10 under the load and can adapt to various working conditions, a certain margin is reserved for the design electromagnetic force, and the value obtained by rounding 1.5 times of the critical electromagnetic force F c is selected as the design electromagnetic force F d, namely:
Fd＝round(1.5×Fc)＝1000N
from the stroke displacement x=3mm, the design electromagnetic force F d =1000n, the size of the structural factor of the electromagnet 1 is determined:
According to the structural factor K=33, a working air gap magnetic induction curve is selected from an electromagnet structural factor and pattern relation table, the magnetic induction B δ≈10500GS is determined, the size of the magnetic induction B δ is also related to the armature material, in the embodiment example, the armature material is DT4 series material, and the magnetic induction of the DT4 series material is 1.2-1.8T and B δ＝12000GS is comprehensively selected according to national standard GB/T6983-2008;
and III, determining the diameter of the armature by an electromagnetic attraction formula:
(2) Calculating parameters of the V-shaped groove buffer device:
The outer diameter D of the V-shaped groove buffer device is equal to the armature diameter D x, and the outer diameter D is known as III:
D＝dx＝48mm
II, equivalent the relation between the boss on the armature and the V-shaped groove buffer device to the relation between a key and a key groove, and check national standard GB/T1095-79; standard dimensions of flat key and keyway, determining boss width b 1 =14 mm, boss height t 1 =3.5 mm≡4mm, v-groove width b 2 =14 mm, v-groove depth t 2 =3.8 mm≡4mm. The V-groove buffer inner diameter d=d-t 2 =44 mm.
III, determining the height L 1 of the V-shaped groove buffer device, the height L 2 of the V-shaped groove buffer assembly, the height L 3 of the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail, the width L 4 of the main working surface, the length L 5 of the armature boss and the length L 6 of the working side surface of the V-shaped groove.
The winding coil height h is only related to the coil thickness b, and the size of the coil height h is determined according to the following formula, namely:
h＝2.45×b
Coil thickness b is determined by housing inner diameter D n, armature diameter D x, bobbin and insulation thickness The calculation expression is determined as follows:
Dn＝2.65×dx
Wherein the coil thickness b and the coil skeleton and the insulation thickness The following relationship is satisfied:
the two parts are combined
b＝34mm
Thereby obtaining the total height of the winding coil:
h＝2.45×34≈84mm
single coil height:
L1＝0.5h＝L2+2L3＝42mm
let L 3＝0.1L1 be approximately 4mm, then L 2 = 34mm
The yield strength of the soft iron 1010 is found to be R e = 205Mpa, and calculated as follows:
1mm≤L4≤4mm
The working face angle range of the V-shaped groove buffer assembly can be obtained by the structure of fig. 5, and in this embodiment, the working gap width y=2mm of the V-shaped groove buffer assembly can be obtained by selecting L 4 =1 mm:
V-shaped groove buffer device needs to ensure that the armature is displaced by x l mm
Is available in the form of
45°≤θ<63.5°
Θ=45° was chosen in this example of implementation;
L6＝L2-2L4-(b2-y)tanθ＝25mm
6. The electromagnetic actuator of claim 1, wherein the confirmation of the number N of parallel winding coils of the electromagnet is specifically calculated as follows:
1) The method for reducing the inductance by adopting the N winding coils in parallel improves the control characteristic of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism, wherein the control characteristic comprises the change of the inductance L' And is combined with after parallel connection and the total load flow I Total (S) of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
I, determination of inductance of single coil:
When current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is induced in the coil, which in turn generates an induced current that resists the current passing through the coil. It is a circuit parameter describing the effect of induced electromotive force caused in the present coil or in another coil due to the change of coil current, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
II, determining the total inductance of the parallel coil:
The single coil inductance and the total inductance can be obtained according to the parallel inductance change formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
and the n inductors have no coupling relation, so that the total inductance L' And is combined with of the n coils connected in parallel can be obtained according to the parallel relation and kirchhoff current node theorem as follows:
the inductive reactance can be known according to Lenz's law
III, determining the parallel number N of coils:
the parallel connection of N winding coils needs to meet the requirement that the coil temperature rise is in an allowable range, and the calculation is as follows:
According to the actual working condition requirement, cha Guobiao GB/T11026.1-2016 electric insulation material heat resistance is checked, in the embodiment, the insulation grade of a coil is selected as grade A, the maximum allowable temperature table of the insulation materials of each grade is checked, the maximum allowable temperature of the coil is determined to be less than 105 ℃, the temperature rise is determined to be less than 60 ℃, the heat dissipation coefficient K T of the coil is checked, and the Newton formula is utilized for calculation:
the expression of the coil heat dissipation area S is as follows:
The inner surface area S n of the coil, the outer surface area S w of the coil pass through the armature diameter d x, the coil bobbin and the insulation thickness Coil thickness b and coil height h are determined:
S＝Sn+2.4Sw＝0.099m2
In this embodiment, n=2 is selected, and the total inductance L' And is combined with of the parallel coil is:
7. characteristic checking calculation
I, electromagnetic force size characteristics:
After each structural parameter of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism is determined, modeling is performed by using simulation software, simulation calculation is performed, and the electromagnetic force is determined to be 1565.79N, as shown in fig. 8, and is larger than the required electromagnetic force, so that the design requirement is met.
II, soft landing characteristics of the V-shaped groove buffer device of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism:
The simulation software is utilized to obtain that the speed of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism at the end section of the ejection process is 358.6mm/s, and the speed of the single-electromagnet electromagnetic actuating mechanism at the end section of the ejection process is 427.9mm/s, so that the speed of the single-electromagnet electromagnetic actuating mechanism is reduced by 69.3mm/s; the seating speed of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator at the tail end of the withdrawal process is 467.6mm/s, and the seating speed of the single-electromagnet electromagnetic actuator at the tail end of the withdrawal process is 539.6mm/s, so that 72mm/s is reduced, as shown in figure 9.
III, control characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator:
Modeling simulation is carried out by using simulation software, the inductance of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is determined to be 10.6H and is matched with the calculated result of 10.5H, the inductance of the single electromagnet electromagnetic actuator is 44.6H, and the inductance characteristic is improved, as shown in figure 10;
as shown in fig. 11, the working condition of the single electromagnet electromagnetic actuator is stable in the sixth period, the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is stable in the second period, and the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator enters the stable working condition in four periods in advance, so that the transient characteristic is good.
The simulation software is utilized to design positive and negative driving voltages, the control characteristic of the electromagnetic actuating mechanism of the single electromagnet is that the positive time of 1ms is changed, and the ejection holding time is adjusted by 19.5ms; the control characteristic of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is that the positive electricity time is changed by 1ms, and the ejection holding time is adjusted by 1.3ms; the positive time adjustable range of the single electromagnet electromagnetic actuator is 141ms-145ms, and the positive time adjustable range of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is 115ms-145ms. The control characteristic of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator is obviously improved compared with that of a single electromagnet electromagnetic actuator, the control sensitivity is reduced by 95%, and the adjustable interval is increased by 25ms, as shown in fig. 12 and 13.
Conclusion:
the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism applied to stepless air flow regulation of the reciprocating compressor is designed, and the performance optimization effect of the novel multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuating mechanism is verified by software simulation through reasonable design of structural parameters of a V-shaped groove buffer device and the number of parallel winding coils.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only and not by way of limitation. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described examples by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1.一种多电磁铁并联软着陆电磁执行机构，其特征在于：1. A multi-electromagnet parallel soft landing electromagnetic actuator, characterized in that: 包括直流电磁执行机构、气阀和卸荷器，直流电磁执行机构由上端盖、电磁执行机构外壳、底座、衔铁、V型槽缓冲装置、并联绕磁线圈组成，电磁执行机构主体结构采取平面柱挡板中心管式电磁执行机构；It includes a DC electromagnetic actuator, a gas valve and an unloader. The DC electromagnetic actuator is composed of an upper end cover, an electromagnetic actuator housing, a base, an armature, a V-groove buffer device, and a parallel magnetic coil. The main structure of the electromagnetic actuator adopts a plane column baffle center tube type electromagnetic actuator; 初始安装时，先将线圈骨架安装在极靴的内表面并且安装好绕组线圈，再将电磁执行机构外壳体固定到极靴上，外壳通过六个横向的沉头螺栓与极靴固定，沉头螺栓以卸荷器顶杆中心轴为对称轴对称布置；其次将下套筒安装在卸荷器顶杆，再将上导轨、下导轨、V型槽组件组装完成后和上套筒安装到衔铁上，共同构成电磁执行机构的运动部件；然后将上限位环通过螺钉与端盖相连接，将电磁执行机构运动部件安装进电磁执行机构运动工作腔内，在将组装好的端盖部件与电磁执行机构外壳体通过螺钉连接，中间加装O型圈；通过调整上限位环和下限位垫片的厚度，实现电磁铁顶杆的行程位移调节；同时，电磁铁上端留有传感器孔，通过安装电涡流传感器对衔铁与卸荷器顶杆位移进行观测；During the initial installation, first install the coil skeleton on the inner surface of the pole shoe and install the winding coil, then fix the outer shell of the electromagnetic actuator to the pole shoe. The outer shell is fixed to the pole shoe by six transverse countersunk bolts, and the countersunk bolts are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the unloader top rod as the symmetry axis; secondly, install the lower sleeve on the unloader top rod, and then install the upper guide rail, lower guide rail, and V-groove assembly on the armature after assembly, together forming the moving part of the electromagnetic actuator; then connect the upper limit ring with the end cover by screws, install the moving part of the electromagnetic actuator into the electromagnetic actuator motion working chamber, and then connect the assembled end cover component with the outer shell of the electromagnetic actuator by screws, and install an O-ring in the middle; by adjusting the thickness of the upper limit ring and the lower limit gasket, the stroke displacement adjustment of the electromagnet top rod is realized; at the same time, a sensor hole is left at the upper end of the electromagnet, and the displacement of the armature and the unloader top rod is observed by installing an eddy current sensor; 通过单片机控制电磁执行机构，控制器产生正反向激励电压对电磁铁进行充电和放电，电磁执行机构绕组线圈充电时产生电磁力，衔铁在电磁力的驱动下向下运动直至与下限位垫片接触；卸荷器顶杆受到衔铁传递过来的电磁力，从而向下运动将阀片顶开，使压缩机多余气体回流；当工作腔内剩余气体达到生产所要求的气量时，电磁执行机构放电，电磁力消失，卸荷器中的弹簧推动卸荷器顶杆和衔铁复位撤回，进气阀关闭。The electromagnetic actuator is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, and the controller generates positive and negative excitation voltages to charge and discharge the electromagnet. When the winding coil of the electromagnetic actuator is charged, an electromagnetic force is generated, and the armature moves downward under the drive of the electromagnetic force until it contacts the lower limit gasket; the unloader push rod is subjected to the electromagnetic force transmitted by the armature, so that it moves downward to push the valve plate open, allowing excess gas in the compressor to flow back; when the remaining gas in the working chamber reaches the gas volume required for production, the electromagnetic actuator discharges, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the spring in the unloader pushes the unloader push rod and the armature to reset and withdraw, and the intake valve is closed. 2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁执行机构，其特征在于，所述控制器产生不同时间的正反电压，该正反电压作用于电磁铁上满足电磁铁的电感和控制特性要求，V型槽缓冲装置作用于电磁执行机构上满足电磁执行机构的软着陆特性。2. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the controller generates positive and negative voltages at different times, and the positive and negative voltages act on the electromagnet to meet the inductance and control characteristics of the electromagnet, and the V-groove buffer device acts on the electromagnetic actuator to meet the soft landing characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator. 3.根据权利要求1所述的电磁执行机构的方法，其特征在于于步骤如下：3. The method of the electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps are as follows: 1)初始时刻，电磁执行机构未通电，在气缸内压力、复位弹簧、V型槽缓冲装置作用下，衔铁上表面与上限位环接触，衔铁位于xlmm行程位置，此时卸荷器阀片未被顶开，未进行气量调节；1) At the initial moment, the electromagnetic actuator is not energized. Under the action of the pressure in the cylinder, the return spring, and the V-groove buffer device, the upper surface of the armature contacts the upper limit ring, and the armature is located at the x l mm stroke position. At this time, the unloader valve plate is not pushed open, and the gas volume is not adjusted; 2)顶出过程中，电磁执行机构通电，对并联绕组线圈施加正电，在并联绕组线圈产生磁场作用下，电磁铁开始向下运动，使卸荷器压叉压开阀片，气体从卸荷器排出，实现气量调节；在0-x1mm行程时，V型槽缓冲装置对衔铁施加正向作用力，衔铁在x1-x2mm行程时，V型槽缓冲装置未对衔铁施加作用力，衔铁在x2mm-xlmm行程时，V型槽缓冲装置对衔铁施加反向作用力，使衔铁速度快速减小，实现软着陆；2) During the ejection process, the electromagnetic actuator is energized and positive electricity is applied to the parallel winding coil. Under the action of the magnetic field generated by the parallel winding coil, the electromagnet starts to move downward, causing the unloader pressure fork to press open the valve plate, and the gas is discharged from the unloader to achieve gas volume regulation; when the stroke is 0-x 1 mm, the V-groove buffer device applies a positive force to the armature, when the armature is in the x 1 -x 2 mm stroke, the V-groove buffer device does not apply a force to the armature, and when the armature is in the x 2 mm-x l mm stroke, the V-groove buffer device applies a reverse force to the armature, so that the armature speed is quickly reduced to achieve a soft landing; 3)撤回过程中，电磁执行机构通电，对并联绕组线圈施加反电，在气缸内压力、复位弹簧、V型槽缓冲装置作用下，衔铁撤回，在x2mm-xlmm行程时，V型槽缓冲装置对衔铁施加正向作用力，在x1-x2mm行程时，V型槽缓冲装置未对衔铁施加作用力，在0-x1mm行程时，V型槽缓冲装置对衔铁施加反向作用力，使衔铁运动速度减小，实现软着陆；3) During the withdrawal process, the electromagnetic actuator is energized and reverse electricity is applied to the parallel winding coil. Under the action of the pressure in the cylinder, the return spring and the V-groove buffer device, the armature is withdrawn. When the stroke is x 2 mm-x 1 mm, the V-groove buffer device applies a positive force to the armature. When the stroke is x 1 -x 2 mm, the V-groove buffer device does not apply a force to the armature. When the stroke is 0-x 1 mm, the V-groove buffer device applies a reverse force to the armature, reducing the armature movement speed and achieving a soft landing. 4)重复2)-3)。4) Repeat 2)-3). 4.根据权利要求1所述的电磁执行机构，其特征在于V型槽缓冲装置各结构参数的确定，具体计算方法如下：4. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the specific calculation method for determining the structural parameters of the V-groove buffer device is as follows: 1).V型槽缓冲装置内外径的确定：1). Determination of inner and outer diameters of V-groove buffer devices: Ⅰ.电磁力FC的确定I. Determination of electromagnetic force F C 电磁执行机构运动过程受力如下:The forces during the movement of the electromagnetic actuator are as follows: 顶出过程：Ejection process: 当0mm≤x＜x1mm时，When 0mm≤x＜x 1 mm, 当x1mm≤x＜x2mm时，When x 1 mm ≤ x < x 2 mm, 当x2mm≤x＜xlmm时，When x2mm≤x ＜ xlmm , 顶出保持过程：Ejection and holding process: Fc+mg＝FT+FV+Fp+F支(x＝xlmm)F c +mg＝F T +F V +F p +F branch (x＝x l mm) 撤回过程：Withdrawal Process: 当x2mm≤x＜xlmm时，When x2mm≤x ＜ xlmm , 当x1mm≤x＜x2mm时，When x 1 mm ≤ x < x 2 mm, 当0mm≤x＜x1mm时，When 0mm≤x＜x 1 mm, 上述公式中：In the above formula: FC：电磁力；F C : electromagnetic force; m：活动部件质量；m: mass of moving parts; g：重力加速度；g: acceleration due to gravity; FT：卸荷器复位弹簧力，FT＝k(x+l)； FT : unloader return spring force, FT = k(x+l); F支：卸荷器限位盘支持力；F support : unloader limit plate support force; k：弹簧的劲度系数；k: spring stiffness coefficient; x：卸荷器位移；x: unloader displacement; l：弹簧预压缩量；l: spring pre-compression; f：系统摩擦力；f: system friction; xl：卸荷器行程；x l : unloader stroke; t：卸荷器顶出过程时间；t: unloader ejection process time; FP：气缸中气体力；F P : gas force in the cylinder; FV：V型槽缓冲装置作用力；F V : V-groove buffer device force; 则电磁铁产生的电磁力Fc需满足：Then the electromagnetic force Fc generated by the electromagnet must satisfy: Fc+mg-FT-FV-Fp≥0F c +mg-F T -F V -F p ≥0 联立以上各式确定电磁力Fc的设计范围，选取临界电磁力Fc的1.5倍取整后的值作为设计电磁力Fd，即：Combining the above equations, the design range of electromagnetic force F c is determined, and the value of 1.5 times the critical electromagnetic force F c is selected as the design electromagnetic force F d , that is: Fd＝round(1.5xFc)F d = round(1.5 x F c ) Ⅱ.由电磁吸力公式确定衔铁直径dx的范围，电磁吸力公式如下：Ⅱ. Determine the range of armature diameter dx by the electromagnetic attraction formula. The electromagnetic attraction formula is as follows: 上述公式中：In the above formula: Bδ：磁感应强度；B δ : magnetic induction intensity; Ⅲ.V型槽缓冲装置外径D与衔铁直径dx相等，由Ⅲ可知：Ⅲ. The outer diameter D of the V-groove buffer is equal to the armature diameter dx . From Ⅲ, we can know that: D＝dx D = d x 将衔铁上凸台与V型槽缓冲装置关系等效为键与键槽关系，查国标《GB/T 1095-79；平键和键槽的标准尺寸》，确定V型槽缓冲装置内径d，凸台宽度b1，凸台高度t1，V型槽宽b2，V型槽深t2；The relationship between the boss on the armature and the V-groove buffer is equivalent to the relationship between the key and the keyway. According to the national standard "GB/T 1095-79; Standard dimensions of flat keys and keyways", the inner diameter d of the V-groove buffer, the boss width b 1 , the boss height t 1 , the V-groove width b 2 , and the V-groove depth t 2 are determined. Ⅳ.设V型槽缓冲装置高1，V型槽缓冲组件高L2，上下导轨高L3，主工作面宽L4，衔铁凸台长L5，V型槽工作侧面长L6；IV. Assume that the height of the V-groove buffer device is 1 , the height of the V-groove buffer assembly is L2 , the height of the upper and lower guide rails is L3 , the width of the main working surface is L4 , the length of the armature boss is L5 , and the length of the V-groove working side surface is L6 ; L1＝0.5h＝L2+2L3 L1 = 0.5h = L2 + 2L3 L3＝0.1L1 L3 ＝ 0.1L1 L6＝L2-2L4-(b2-y)tanθL 6 =L 2 -2L 4 -(b 2 -y)tanθ 上述公式中：In the above formula: Re为材料的屈服强度； Re is the yield strength of the material; h：绕组线圈高度，绕组线圈高度h仅与线圈厚度b有关，根据以下公式，确定线圈高度h的大小，即：h: Winding coil height. The winding coil height h is only related to the coil thickness b. The coil height h is determined according to the following formula, namely: h＝2.45×bh＝2.45×b 线圈厚度b通过外壳内径Dn、衔铁直径dx以及线圈骨架及绝缘厚度确定，其计算表达示如下：The coil thickness b is determined by the inner diameter Dn of the shell, the diameter dx of the armature, and the thickness of the coil frame and insulation. Determine, its calculation expression is as follows: Dn＝2.65×dx D n =2.65×d x 其中线圈厚度b与线圈骨架及绝缘厚度满足以下关系：The coil thickness b is related to the coil frame and insulation thickness The following relations are satisfied: 联立以上两式，确定线圈厚度b的大小,从而获得绕组线圈高度h；Combining the above two equations, determine the coil thickness b, and thus obtain the winding coil height h; θ：V型槽角度θ: V-groove angle y：V型槽缓冲组件主工作面宽度y: Width of the main working surface of the V-groove buffer assembly V型槽角度θ的确定结构得到，The determination structure of the V-groove angle θ is obtained, V型槽缓冲装置须保证衔铁xlmm位移The V-groove buffer device must ensure the armature x l mm displacement 5.根据权利要求1所述的电磁执行机构，其特征在于，所述电磁铁并联绕组线圈个数N的确认，具体计算如下：5. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number N of the electromagnet parallel winding coils is determined by calculating as follows: 1)采用N个绕组线圈并联方法减小电感改善电磁执行机构控制特性，包括并联后电感L'并的变化、电磁执行机构总载流量I总，计算方法如下：1) The method of connecting N winding coils in parallel is used to reduce the inductance and improve the control characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator, including the change of the inductance L' and the total current carrying capacity I of the electromagnetic actuator after parallel connection. The calculation method is as follows: Ⅰ.线圈电感的确定：Ⅰ. Determination of coil inductance: 当电流通过线圈后，在线圈中形成磁场感应，感应磁场又会产生感应电流来抵制通过线圈中的电流；它是描述由于线圈电流变化，在本线圈中或在另一线圈中引起感应电动势效应的电路参数，具体计算公式如下：When the current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is induced in the coil, and the induced magnetic field generates an induced current to resist the current passing through the coil. It is a circuit parameter that describes the induced electromotive force effect caused in the coil or in another coil due to the change of coil current. The specific calculation formula is as follows: 上述公式中：In the above formula: μ0：磁导率；μ 0 : magnetic permeability; N：线圈匝数；N: number of coil turns; A：有效截面积；A: effective cross-sectional area; Q：平均磁路长度；Q: average magnetic circuit length; Ⅱ.并联线圈总电感的确定：Ⅱ. Determination of the total inductance of parallel coils: 根据并联电感变化公式可得单个线圈电感及总电感大小，计算公式如下：According to the parallel inductance change formula, the inductance of a single coil and the total inductance can be obtained. The calculation formula is as follows: n个电感之间没有耦合关系，那么根据并联关系及基尔霍夫电流节点定理可得n个线圈并联的总电感L′并如下：There is no coupling relationship between the n inductors. According to the parallel relationship and Kirchhoff's current node theorem, the total inductance L' of the n coils in parallel can be obtained as follows: 根据楞次定律知感抗XL：According to Lenz's law, the inductive reactance XL is : XL′＝ωL′＝2πfL′X L′ = ω L′ = 2πf L′ 上述公式中：In the above formula: ω：表示施加电流的角频率,单位为弧度每秒(rad/s)；ω: represents the angular frequency of the applied current, in radians per second (rad/s); f：表示施加电流的频率，单位为赫兹(Hz)；f: represents the frequency of the applied current, in Hertz (Hz); L′：表示自感系数；单位为亨利(H)L': represents the self-inductance; the unit is Henry (H) XL′：线圈的感抗，单位为欧姆(Ω)X L′ : The inductive reactance of the coil, in ohms (Ω) 线路中总电流、总感抗如下：The total current and total inductive reactance in the line are as follows: XL′并＝ωL＝2πfL′并 X L′ and = ωL = 2πfL′ and 上述公式中：In the above formula: U：表示线路中总电压,单位为伏特(V)；U: indicates the total voltage in the circuit, in volts (V); Ⅲ.线圈并联数N的确定：III. Determination of the number of coils in parallel N: N个绕组线圈并联需满足线圈温升在容许范围内，计算如下：N winding coils connected in parallel must meet the coil temperature rise within the allowable range, calculated as follows: 根据实际工作条件需求，查查国标《GB/T 11026.1-2016电气绝缘材料耐热性》取线圈绝缘等级，根据各级绝缘材料的最高容许温度表，确定线圈最高容许温度和温升范围，查得线圈散热系数KT，利用牛顿公式计算：According to the actual working conditions, check the national standard "GB/T 11026.1-2016 Heat resistance of electrical insulation materials" to obtain the coil insulation level. According to the maximum allowable temperature table of each level of insulation materials, determine the maximum allowable temperature and temperature rise range of the coil, find the coil heat dissipation coefficient K T , and calculate it using Newton's formula: 上述公式中：In the above formula: ΔT：长期通电后线圈的稳定温升；ΔT: stable temperature rise of the coil after long-term power-on; KT：散热系数；K T : heat dissipation coefficient; S：线圈散热面积；S: coil heat dissipation area; I总：电磁铁工作中的实际电流； Itotal : actual current of the electromagnet during operation; 线圈散热面积S的表达式如下：The expression of coil heat dissipation area S is as follows: S＝Sn+2.4Sw S＝ Sn + 2.4Sw 上述公式中：In the above formula: Sn：线圈的内表面面积； Sn : inner surface area of the coil; Sw：线圈的外表面面积；S w : outer surface area of the coil; Sn、Sw通过衔铁直径dx、线圈骨架及绝缘厚度线圈厚度b和线圈高度h确定： Sn and Sw are determined by the armature diameter dx , coil frame and insulation thickness. Coil thickness b and coil height h are determined by:
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