CN116197259B - A hot extrusion and drawing forming device and method for preparing a hollow tube with a variable cross-section - Google Patents
A hot extrusion and drawing forming device and method for preparing a hollow tube with a variable cross-sectionInfo
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- CN116197259B CN116197259B CN202310064088.2A CN202310064088A CN116197259B CN 116197259 B CN116197259 B CN 116197259B CN 202310064088 A CN202310064088 A CN 202310064088A CN 116197259 B CN116197259 B CN 116197259B
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- forming
- extrusion
- hollow tube
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, rods or tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种用于制备变截面空心管的热挤拉成型装置，包括成形机构、夹持机构和挤压机构，成形机构上设有坯料腔，坯料腔的一侧设有成形孔，夹持机构的一侧设有成形腔，夹持机构沿着轴线方向移动，挤压机构上设有挤压筒和穿孔芯轴，挤压筒用于挤压坯料，穿孔芯轴用于成形空心管的内径；还公开了其方法，成形腔与成形孔相抵并联通，放置坯料，穿孔芯轴向坯料腔方向移动，进入到夹持机构与顶针相抵，驱动挤压筒，挤压坯料，夹持机构与成形机构分离，完成空心管的加工。本发明提供一种适用于加工大深径比的变截面空心管，并且保证不同截面的同轴度的一种用于制备变截面空心管的热挤拉成型装置及方法。
The present invention discloses a hot extrusion forming device for producing hollow tubes with variable cross-sections, comprising a forming mechanism, a clamping mechanism, and an extrusion mechanism. The forming mechanism is provided with a billet cavity, one side of which is provided with a forming hole. The clamping mechanism is provided with a forming cavity on one side, and the clamping mechanism moves along the axial direction. The extrusion mechanism is provided with an extrusion cylinder and a perforation mandrel, the extrusion cylinder being used to extrude the billet, and the perforation mandrel being used to form the inner diameter of the hollow tube. A method for producing the hot extrusion forming device is also disclosed. The forming cavity and the forming hole are aligned and connected, the billet is placed, the perforation mandrel moves toward the billet cavity, enters the clamping mechanism, and is aligned with the ejector pin, driving the extrusion cylinder to extrude the billet. The clamping mechanism is separated from the forming mechanism, and the processing of the hollow tube is completed. The present invention provides a hot extrusion forming device and method for producing hollow tubes with variable cross-sections, which is suitable for processing hollow tubes with variable cross-sections having a large aspect ratio and ensures the coaxiality of different cross-sections.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pipe processing, in particular to a hot extrusion and drawing forming device and a hot extrusion and drawing forming method for preparing a variable-section hollow pipe.
Background
The variable-section hollow thin-wall slender pipe shaft part is widely applied to transmission systems in the fields of aerospace, high-end equipment and the like, and plays a key core role in power transmission under the conditions of high temperature, high rotating speed and high load. But because of the structural characteristics of large depth-to-diameter ratio, thin wall and variable cross section, the high-precision and high-performance manufacturing of the parts becomes a technical problem puzzling the industry. The traditional manufacturing process of the parts is deep hole drilling and heat treatment, but the problems of extremely high rejection rate of the parts in the deep hole drilling process, low material utilization rate, long production period and the like are caused by the fact that the inner hole is large, the drilling is inclined and the like due to uncontrollable factors such as overlong drill bit or shank, cutting vibration and the like, and the increasingly huge market demands are difficult to meet. Therefore, the precise plastic forming method is adopted to replace the traditional deep hole drilling process to produce the hollow thin-wall slender pipe shaft parts with large depth-diameter ratio and variable cross section, and the hollow thin-wall slender pipe shaft parts have the characteristics of high part performance, high material utilization rate and high production efficiency, and become the necessary trend under the driving of the global market.
The plastic forming method for preparing the hollow tube shaft parts comprises cross wedge rolling, radial forging, extrusion and the like, wherein for parts with the depth-to-diameter ratio being more than or equal to 30 and the inner hole shape and position dimensional accuracy requirement being higher, the cross wedge rolling and radial forging method can obviously influence the roundness and coaxiality of the inner hole of the part in the part processing process, single-channel extrusion forming can cause overlarge bearing of an extrusion core rod due to overlarge depth-to-diameter ratio so as to cause bending of the core rod and influence the straightness of the inner hole, and multi-channel extrusion forming needs application of a plurality of extrusion dies so as to cause cost rise, and meanwhile, the inner hole shape and position accuracy of the part can be influenced after the part is positioned for many times, and the coaxiality of the repeated positioning is easy to deviate.
Currently, there are related documents that propose plastic forming solutions for hollow tube shaft type parts with large depth-to-diameter ratio. The patent publication No. CN109332410A discloses a novel extrusion device and method for a hollow thin-wall shaft with large length-diameter ratio, which can improve the utilization rate of raw materials, shorten the production period and reduce the production cost through a simple structure, but the structural device can only be used for manufacturing a hollow shaft with constant inner diameter. The patent publication No. CN105921671A discloses a reverse extrusion forming method and a die for stepped hollow shaft parts, which adopts a one-die two-process and two-continuous extrusion forming method to manufacture the variable cross-section hollow shaft part, can accelerate the production speed, share the extrusion force of a punch and promote the production beat, but the formed variable cross-section hollow shaft part is not suitable for the characteristic of large depth-diameter ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hot extrusion drawing forming device and a hot extrusion drawing forming method for preparing a variable-section hollow pipe, which are suitable for processing the variable-section hollow pipe with a large depth-diameter ratio and ensure coaxiality of different sections.
The hot extrusion and drawing forming device for preparing the variable cross-section hollow pipe comprises a forming mechanism, a clamping mechanism and an extrusion mechanism, wherein the forming mechanism is fixedly arranged, the clamping mechanism is arranged on one side of the forming mechanism, the extrusion mechanism is arranged on the other side of the forming mechanism, a blank cavity for placing heated blanks is arranged on the forming mechanism, a forming hole for forming the outer diameter of the hollow pipe is formed in one side of the blank cavity, which is close to the clamping mechanism, a forming cavity for forming the end part of the hollow pipe is formed in one side, which is close to the forming mechanism, the outer diameter of the end part of the hollow pipe is in a variable diameter arrangement, the outer diameter of the end part of the hollow pipe is enlarged towards the end part of the hollow pipe, the clamping mechanism is movably connected along the axis direction of the forming hole, the extrusion mechanism is provided with an extrusion cylinder and a punching mandrel, the extrusion cylinder is movably inserted into the blank cavity and used for extruding the blanks towards the forming hole, the punching mandrel is movably connected onto the axis of the forming hole and used for forming the inner diameter of the hollow pipe, and the inner diameter of the hollow pipe is in a variable diameter arrangement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the production process, the outer diameter reducing structure of the hollow pipe is extruded and formed through the forming cavity, the coaxiality of the outer diameter can be guaranteed only by guaranteeing the coaxiality of the forming cavity structure, the coaxiality of the forming cavity structure is a die structure, the blank can be stably applied to the machining of the concentric pipe only by high-precision machining forming, so that the coaxiality of the outer diameter is guaranteed, the inner diameter reducing structure of the hollow pipe is formed by perforating through the perforating mandrel, the coaxiality of different outer diameters of the perforating mandrel and the coaxiality of the outer wall of the hollow pipe only need to be guaranteed, the perforating mandrel is the die structure at first, the high-strength material which is difficult to deform is adopted, the slow wire with a longer period is adopted for machining in the machining process, the dimension precision on the perforating mandrel and the coaxiality of different outer diameters are guaranteed, then the blank moves in the blank cavity in the direction of the forming hole through the forming hole, the air in the blank is eliminated, the blank and the blank structure in the forming hole is more uniform, and the coaxiality of the perforating mandrel and the perforating mandrel in the forming hole is guaranteed, and the perforating mandrel passes through the forming hole, and the different lengths of the perforating mandrel and the diameter of the hollow pipe are different from the forming device, and the diameter of the hollow pipe is also guaranteed to be influenced by the same, and the diameter of the diameter is different in the variable-diameter and the diameter of the hollow pipe is different from the variable-diameter of the forming device.
As an improvement of the invention, a first driving hydraulic cylinder for driving the clamping mechanism to move is arranged on one side of the clamping mechanism far away from the forming mechanism, a first guide seat is arranged between the first driving hydraulic cylinder and the clamping mechanism, a plurality of first guide rods are arranged between the first guide seat and the forming mechanism, the clamping mechanism is movably connected to the plurality of first guide rods, by the improvement, the stability of the movement of the clamping mechanism can be ensured, when the clamping mechanism moves towards the forming mechanism, the accuracy of the alignment of the forming cavity and the forming hole can be ensured, and when the clamping mechanism moves away from the forming mechanism, the straightness of the hollow tube can be ensured, and the quality of the hollow tube can be ensured.
According to the invention, the first driving hydraulic cylinder is in driving connection with the clamping mechanism through the first traction rod, the thimble is arranged on the axis of the first traction rod and is used for propping against the perforating mandrel to form the complete inner diameter of the hollow tube, a spring is arranged at one end of the thimble, which is far away from the perforating mandrel, through the improvement, when the length of the hollow tube is stretched, the reducing structure of the inner diameter of the hollow tube can be separated from a forming hole area, so that the end part of the perforating mandrel is in a state without stable support, through the design of the thimble, the end part of the perforating mandrel can be stably connected to the forming hole area when the length of the hollow tube is not stretched, the thimble is propped against the end part of the perforating mandrel at the moment, and then after the end part of the perforating mandrel passes through the forming hole area, the end stability of the perforating mandrel is ensured, so that the condition that the perforating mandrel bends downwards is avoided, the problem of the inner diameter of the hollow tube is prevented, through the design of the spring, the propping force between the thimble and the perforating mandrel can be ensured, and the condition that the inner diameter of the hollow tube is excessively extruded or the perforating mandrel is deformed is avoided, so that the inner diameter of the hollow tube is ensured, and meanwhile, the thimble can be used for forming the hollow tube, and the hollow tube can be used in part of the forming area.
The clamping mechanism comprises a clamping seat movably connected to a first guide rod, an upper die and a lower die for forming a forming cavity, wherein the upper die is movably connected to the upper half part in the clamping seat through a hydraulic cylinder, the lower die is movably connected to the lower half part of the clamping seat through another hydraulic cylinder, upper positioning pins are arranged on two sides of the upper die, lower positioning pins are arranged on two sides of the lower die, an upper limit groove in movable limit connection with the upper positioning pins is arranged on the upper half part of the clamping seat, a lower limit groove in movable limit connection with the lower positioning pins is arranged on the lower half part of the clamping seat, when the upper positioning pins are abutted against the lower end of the upper limit groove, the upper die is abutted against the lower die to form the forming cavity, and by the improvement, the outer diameter of the end part of a hollow pipe is in a variable diameter setting mode, the outer diameter of the end part of the hollow pipe is enlarged, after the end part of the hollow pipe is formed, the upper die and the lower die is in a broken structure, the upper die and the lower die can be driven to be matched with the upper die and lower die in a high-accuracy mode when the lower die is driven by the upper die and lower die is in a high-accuracy mode, and the upper die and lower die is matched with the lower die is in a limit groove in a driving mode.
In addition, the invention is an improvement, the upper locating pin and the upper die are connected by adopting a threaded connection, the lower locating pin and the lower die are connected by adopting a threaded connection, the diameter of one end of the upper locating pin, which is far away from the upper die, is larger than the width of the upper limit groove, the inner side of one end of the upper locating pin, which is far away from the upper die, is propped against the clamping seat, the diameter of one end of the lower locating pin, which is far away from the lower die, is larger than the width of the lower limit groove, and the inner side of one end of the lower locating pin, which is far away from the lower die, is propped against the clamping seat.
As a further improvement of the invention, a second driving hydraulic cylinder for driving the extrusion mechanism to move is arranged on one side of the extrusion mechanism away from the forming mechanism, two driving hydraulic cylinders are arranged in the second driving hydraulic cylinder, one driving hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the extrusion cylinder to move, and the other driving hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the perforating mandrel to move.
According to the invention, the second driving hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the extrusion cylinder through the connecting seat, the second guide seat is arranged between the second driving hydraulic cylinder and the connecting seat, the movable seat is arranged between the connecting seat and the forming mechanism, one end of the extrusion cylinder is fixedly connected with the connecting seat, the extrusion end of the extrusion cylinder is movably connected with the movable seat, a plurality of second guide rods are arranged between the second guide seat and the forming mechanism, the connecting seat and the movable seat are movably connected with the second guide rods, the connecting seat is internally provided with a centering sleeve, the centering sleeve is sleeved on the punching mandrel and used for ensuring that the punching mandrel moves along the axis direction of the forming hole, by the improvement, the stability of the movement of the connecting seat and the movable seat can be ensured, when the extrusion cylinder moves towards the direction of the blank cavity, the accuracy of the alignment of the extrusion cylinder and the blank cavity can be ensured, when the extrusion cylinder moves towards the forming hole, the punching mandrel moves towards the forming hole, the coaxiality between the punching mandrel and the forming hole is ensured, and the high quality of the hollow tube inner diameter is ensured.
According to the invention, the compression spring is arranged between the movable seat and the connecting seat and sleeved on the second guide rod, and by the improvement, the movable seat and the connecting seat are required to be driven to move because of the relative movement between the movable seat and the connecting seat, and the direct collision between the movable seat and the connecting seat can be avoided through the design of the compression spring, so that the movable seat and the connecting seat are protected.
As an improvement of the invention, the extrusion end of the extrusion cylinder is also connected and fixed with a high-temperature-resistant extrusion ring, the extrusion ring is provided with a through hole for the perforating core shaft to pass through, and by the improvement, the production cost of the extrusion cylinder is reduced under the condition that the extrusion quality of the extrusion cylinder can be protected by the design of the extrusion ring, and when the extrusion ring is damaged, the extrusion ring is only required to be replaced, and the whole extrusion cylinder is not required to be replaced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is that a hot extrusion and drawing forming method for preparing the variable cross-section hollow pipe is suitable for a hot extrusion and drawing forming device for preparing the variable cross-section hollow pipe, and comprises the following steps of:
s1, driving an upper die and a lower die to be matched;
S2, starting a first driving hydraulic cylinder, driving the clamping mechanism to move towards the forming mechanism direction, and enabling the forming cavity to be in phase with the forming hole
Abutting and communicating;
s3, closing the first driving hydraulic cylinder;
s4, placing a blank heated to a proper temperature in a blank cavity;
s5, starting a second driving hydraulic cylinder, and driving the extrusion cylinder to move towards the direction of the blank cavity by the connecting seat;
S6, the connecting seat is propped against the compression spring to drive the movable seat to move towards the forming mechanism until the movable seat and the forming mechanism
The two are propped against each other;
S7, the connecting seat continuously drives the extrusion cylinder to move forwards, the extrusion cylinder passes through the moving seat and enters the blank cavity to be propped against the blank,
Suspending driving the extrusion barrel;
s8, driving the perforating core to move along the direction of the blank cavity until the perforating core shaft penetrates through the blank and enters the clamping mechanism and the ejector pin
Abutting, suspending driving the perforating mandrel;
S9, driving the extrusion cylinder to enable the extrusion ring to extrude blanks in the blank cavity, enabling the blanks to deform, and enabling the blanks to pass through the forming holes to face the forming cavity
Flow until the forming cavity is filled;
S10, reversely driving a first driving hydraulic cylinder to separate a clamping mechanism from a forming mechanism, continuously drawing out a blank from a forming hole under the synchronous action of an extrusion cylinder, and synchronously driving a punching mandrel to ensure that the punching mandrel always keeps a propping state with a thimble;
s11, after all the blanks in the blank cavity are extruded, cooling the hollow tube to be formed, and separating the upper die from the lower die to enable the forming cavity to be formed
Separating from the reducing end of the hollow tube, the clamping mechanism is kept away from the forming mechanism;
S12, reversely driving the second driving hydraulic cylinder, enabling the hollow pipe to move along with the direction of the perforating core axial direction of the second driving hydraulic cylinder, and enabling the hollow pipe to be hollow
After the reducing end of the pipe abuts against the forming hole, the perforating mandrel is separated from the hollow pipe;
and S13, taking down the hollow tube from the forming mechanism to finish the processing of the hollow tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the production process, the outer diameter reducing structure of the hollow pipe is extruded and formed through the forming cavity, the coaxiality of the outer diameter can be guaranteed only by guaranteeing the coaxiality of the forming cavity structure, the coaxiality of the forming cavity structure is a die structure, the blank can be stably applied to the machining of the concentric pipe only by high-precision machining forming, so that the coaxiality of the outer diameter is guaranteed, the inner diameter reducing structure of the hollow pipe is formed by perforating through the perforating mandrel, the coaxiality of different outer diameters of the perforating mandrel and the coaxiality of the outer wall of the hollow pipe only need to be guaranteed, the perforating mandrel is the die structure at first, the high-strength material which is difficult to deform is adopted, the slow wire with a longer period is adopted for machining in the machining process, the dimension precision on the perforating mandrel and the coaxiality of different outer diameters are guaranteed, then the blank moves in the blank cavity in the direction of the forming hole through the forming hole, the air in the blank is eliminated, the blank and the blank structure in the forming hole is more uniform, and the coaxiality of the perforating mandrel and the perforating mandrel in the forming hole is guaranteed, and the perforating mandrel passes through the forming hole, and the different lengths of the perforating mandrel and the diameter of the hollow pipe are different from the forming device, and the diameter of the hollow pipe is also guaranteed to be influenced by the same, and the diameter of the diameter is different in the variable-diameter and the diameter of the hollow pipe is different from the variable-diameter of the forming device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention at a preparatory stage.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the forming mechanism at the initial stage of extrusion according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the ejector pin and the piercing mandrel of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the extrusion mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the hollow tube of the present invention when it is formed.
The drawing shows that 1, a forming mechanism, 1.1, a blank cavity, 1.2, a forming hole, 2, a clamping mechanism, 2.1, a forming cavity, 2.2, a clamping seat, 2.2.1, an upper limiting groove, 2.2.2, a lower limiting groove, 2.3, an upper die, 2.3.1, an upper locating pin, 2.4, a lower die, 2.4.1, a lower locating pin, 3, a pressing mechanism, 3.1, a pressing cylinder, 3.1.1, a pressing ring, 3.1.2, a through hole, 3.2, a punching mandrel, 4, a first driving hydraulic cylinder, 4.1, a traction rod, 4.2, a thimble, 4.2.1, a centering hole, 4.3, a spring, 5, a first guide seat, 6, a first guide rod, 7, a second driving hydraulic cylinder, 8, a connecting seat, 8.1, a centering sleeve, 9, a second guide seat, 10, a moving seat, 11, a second guide rod, 12, a compression spring, 13 and a hollow tube.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a hot extrusion and drawing forming device for preparing a variable cross-section hollow tube comprises a forming mechanism 1, a clamping mechanism 2 and an extrusion mechanism 3, wherein the forming mechanism 1 is fixedly arranged, the clamping mechanism 2 is arranged on one side of the forming mechanism 1, the extrusion mechanism 3 is arranged on the other side of the forming mechanism 1, a blank cavity 1.1 for placing a heated blank is arranged on the forming mechanism 1, a forming hole 1.2 for forming the outer diameter of the hollow tube 13 is arranged on one side of the blank cavity 1.1 close to the clamping mechanism 2, a forming cavity 2.1 for forming the end part of the hollow tube 13 is arranged on one side of the clamping mechanism 2 close to the forming mechanism 1, the outer diameter of the end part of the hollow tube 13 is in a variable diameter arrangement, the outer diameter of the end part of the hollow tube 13 is enlarged, the clamping mechanism 2 is movably connected along the axial direction of the forming hole 1.2, an extrusion cylinder 3.1 and a perforating mandrel 3.2 are arranged on the extrusion mechanism 3, the extrusion cylinder 3.1 is movably inserted in the blank cavity 1.1 for extruding the blank to move along the direction forming hole 1.2, and the perforating mandrel is movably connected on the inner diameter of the hollow tube 13 in the axial direction of the forming hole 1.2.
The clamping mechanism 2 is provided with a first driving hydraulic cylinder 6 for driving the clamping mechanism 2 to move on one side far away from the forming mechanism 1, a first guide seat 5 is arranged between the first driving hydraulic cylinder 6 and the clamping mechanism 2, a plurality of first guide rods 6 are arranged between the first guide seat 5 and the forming mechanism 1, and the clamping mechanism 2 is movably connected to the plurality of first guide rods 6.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, the first driving hydraulic cylinder 6 is in driving connection with the clamping mechanism 2 through the traction rod 4.1, a thimble 4.2 is arranged on the axis of the traction rod 4.1, the thimble 4.2 is used for propping against the perforating mandrel 3.2, forming the complete inner diameter of the hollow tube 13, a spring 4.3 is arranged at one end, away from the perforating mandrel 3.2, of the thimble 4.2, one end, propped against the thimble 4.2, of the perforating mandrel 3.2 is conical, a blank can be better penetrated, meanwhile, a centering hole 4.2.1 is formed at one end, propped against the perforating mandrel 3.2, centering of the perforating mandrel 3.2 can be better ensured, and coaxiality of the inner diameter of the hollow tube 13 is ensured when the perforating mandrel 3.2 is kept in forming the hollow tube 13.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 5, the clamping mechanism 2 comprises a clamping seat 2.2 movably connected to the first guide rod 6, an upper die 2.3 and a lower die 2.4 for forming a forming cavity 2.1, an upper half part movably connected to the clamping seat 2.2 through a hydraulic cylinder, a lower die 2.4 movably connected to a lower half part of the clamping seat 2.2 through another hydraulic cylinder, an upper locating pin 2.3.1 arranged on two sides of the upper die 2.3, a lower locating pin 2.4.1 arranged on two sides of the lower die 2.4, an upper limit groove 2.2.1 arranged on the upper half part of the clamping seat 2.2 and in movable limit connection with the upper locating pin 2.3.1, a lower limit groove 2.2.1 arranged on the lower half part of the clamping seat 2.2.2 and in movable limit groove 2.1, and a lower limit groove 2.1 arranged on one end of the upper die 2.1 and the lower die 2.1, and a diameter of the upper die 2.1 and the lower die 2.1 arranged on two ends of the lower die 2.4, and a diameter of the upper die 2.1.1 and the lower die 2.1 is larger than the lower die 2.1, and the upper end of the upper die 2.1 is far from the upper end of the upper die 2.1 and the lower die 2.4, and the lower die 2.1 is formed far from the upper end of the upper die 2.1 and the lower die 2.1.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 6, one side of the extrusion mechanism 3, which is far away from the forming mechanism 1, is provided with a second driving hydraulic cylinder 7 for driving the extrusion mechanism 3 to move, two driving hydraulic cylinders are arranged in the second driving hydraulic cylinder 7, one driving hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the extrusion cylinder 3.1 to move, the other driving hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the perforating mandrel 3.2 to move, the second driving hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with the extrusion cylinder 3.1 through a connecting seat 8, a second guide seat 9 is arranged between the second driving hydraulic cylinder 7 and the connecting seat 8, a movable seat 10 is arranged between the connecting seat 8 and the forming mechanism 1, one end of the extrusion cylinder 3.1 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 8, the extrusion end of the extrusion cylinder 3.1 is movably connected to the movable seat 10, a plurality of second guide rods 11 are arranged between the second guide seat 9 and the forming mechanism 1, the connecting seat 8 and the movable seat 10 are all movably connected to the second guide rods 11, a centering sleeve 8.1 is arranged in the connecting seat 8, a centering sleeve 8.1 is arranged between the connecting seat 8 and the compression mandrel 3.2.1 and the compression mandrel 3.1 is further provided with a compression sleeve 12.1 along the compression mandrel 3.2, and the compression mandrel 3.1 is further provided with a compression mandrel 12.2, and the compression mandrel 1 is fixedly connected to the compression mandrel 1 along the compression mandrel 2.2.
As shown in fig. 3, the die of the blank cavity 1.1 is detachably connected in the forming mechanism 1, and when extrusion is performed, the die of the blank cavity 1.1 is limited in the forming mechanism 1, and when blanking and taking are performed, the die of the blank cavity 1.1 can be detached.
The first guide rod 6 and the second guide rod 11 may be the same guide rod, so that the moving coaxiality can be better ensured.
As shown in fig. 2,3 and 7, a hot extrusion and drawing method for preparing a hollow pipe with a variable cross section is applicable to a hot extrusion and drawing device for preparing a hollow pipe with a variable cross section, and comprises the following steps:
s1, driving an upper die 2.3 and a lower die 2.4 to be matched;
S2, starting a first driving hydraulic cylinder 6, driving the clamping mechanism 2 to move towards the forming mechanism 1, and enabling the forming cavity 2.1 to prop against and be communicated with the forming hole 1.2;
S3, closing the first driving hydraulic cylinder 6;
s4, placing a blank heated to a proper temperature in the blank cavity 1.1;
s5, starting a second driving hydraulic cylinder 7, and driving the extrusion cylinder 3.1 to move towards the blank cavity 1.1 by the connecting seat 8;
s6, the connecting seat 8 is propped against the compression spring 12 to drive the movable seat 10 to move towards the forming mechanism 1 until the movable seat 10 is propped against the forming mechanism 1;
s7, the connecting seat 8 continuously drives the extrusion cylinder 3.1 to move forwards, the extrusion cylinder 3.1 passes through the moving seat 10 and enters the blank cavity 1.1,
The extrusion cylinder 3.1 is stopped to be driven against the blank;
S8, driving the perforating mandrel 3.2 to move towards the blank cavity 1.1 until the perforating mandrel 3.2 penetrates through the blank and enters the clamping mode
The mechanism 2 is propped against the thimble 4.2, and the driving of the perforating mandrel 3.2 is stopped;
S9, driving the extrusion cylinder 3.1 to enable the extrusion ring 3.1.1 to extrude the blank in the blank cavity 1.1, and enabling the blank to deform and form
The holes 1.2 flow in the direction of the forming cavity 2.1 until the forming cavity 2.1 is filled;
S10, reversely driving the first driving hydraulic cylinder 6 to separate the clamping mechanism 2 from the forming mechanism 1, continuously drawing out the blank from the forming hole 1.2 under the synchronous action of the extrusion cylinder 3.1, synchronously driving the perforating mandrel 3.2, and enabling the perforating mandrel to be
3.2 Always keeps the state of being propped against the thimble 4.2;
S11, after all the blanks in the blank cavity are extruded, the hollow tube 13 to be formed is cooled, the upper die 2.3 is separated from the lower die 2.4,
Separating the forming cavity 2.1 from the reduced end of the hollow tube 13, the clamping mechanism 2 continuing to be remote from the forming mechanism 1;
S12, reversely driving the second driving hydraulic cylinder 7, moving the hollow tube 13 along with the perforating mandrel 3.2 towards the second driving hydraulic cylinder 7, and separating the perforating mandrel 3.2 from the hollow tube 13 after the reducing end part of the hollow tube 13 is propped against the forming hole 1.2;
and S13, removing the hollow tube 13 from the forming mechanism 1 to finish the processing of the hollow tube 13.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the specific structure thereof is allowed to vary. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (10)
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| CN103240292A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-14 | 河南理工大学 | Production method and device for magnesium alloy thin-wall pipe |
| CN104624686A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-05-20 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Method and device for extruding aluminium alloy pipe with variable cross section |
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| US3321951A (en) * | 1966-02-24 | 1967-05-30 | Anaconda American Brass Co | Method and apparatus for extrusion of tubes |
| DE2000352A1 (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1971-07-22 | Langenstein & Schemann Ag | Process for the production of a stepped tube by hot extrusion from a metal blank |
| GB1457957A (en) * | 1974-11-16 | 1976-12-08 | Gildengorn M S Koryakin Ss Kot | Method of producing seamless thin-walled pipes and apparatus for effecting said method |
| US4991421A (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-02-12 | Simon Joseph A | Method for extruding an elongated, lightweight rack |
| JP4943187B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2012-05-30 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | Tubular product extrusion method and apparatus |
| CN203297923U (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-11-20 | 广东伟业铝厂有限公司 | Pipe-wall-thickness-variable seamless aluminum-alloy pipe |
| EP3804872B1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2023-05-17 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a tube |
| CN109332410B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-10-20 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A large aspect ratio hollow thin-walled shaft extrusion preparation device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103240292A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-14 | 河南理工大学 | Production method and device for magnesium alloy thin-wall pipe |
| CN104624686A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-05-20 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Method and device for extruding aluminium alloy pipe with variable cross section |
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