CN115649268A - An intelligent baby carriage with a control system and its control method - Google Patents
An intelligent baby carriage with a control system and its control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及婴儿载具技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车及其控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of baby carriers, more specifically, it relates to an intelligent baby carriage with a control system and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
婴儿车作为婴儿的一种户外活动用品,使用十分广泛,目前婴儿车使用直流电的电机,都需要用带有减速比的电机,电机不能空转,空转就会阻力过大,同时,目前市面上的婴儿车,缺少离合器的设计,当电机不工作时,因车驱动车轮没有与电机分离,婴儿车推起来就比较重,导致长时间推行或者上坡时,用户易产生劳累,用户体验不佳基于此,有必要对现有的婴儿车进行改进,以解决上述技术问题。As an outdoor activity product for babies, baby carriages are widely used. At present, the motors used in baby carriages need to use motors with reduction ratios. The motors cannot run idling, and the resistance will be too large. The baby stroller lacks a clutch design. When the motor is not working, the stroller is heavy to push because the driving wheels are not separated from the motor. As a result, the user is prone to fatigue when pushing for a long time or going uphill, and the user experience is not good. Therefore, it is necessary to improve existing baby carriages to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
随着科技的发展,人们生活水平的提高,人们更希望拥有一款舒适和更加智能化解放双手的婴儿车,通过手机或者电脑连接蓝牙遥控婴儿车,希望可以实现婴儿车直行、左转、右转、停止、后退以及能识别并避开障碍物。With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's living standards, people hope to have a comfortable and more intelligent stroller that frees their hands. They can connect the Bluetooth remote control stroller through a mobile phone or computer, and hope that the stroller can go straight, turn left, and turn right. turn, stop, reverse, and recognize and avoid obstacles.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决以上技术问题,而提出的具有蓝牙遥控、UWB定位追踪识别并避开障碍物,且有刹车和离合器的一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车及其控制方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems, and propose a smart baby carriage with a control system and a control method thereof with Bluetooth remote control, UWB positioning tracking identification and obstacle avoidance, and a brake and clutch.
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车包括车架、车篮、轮组、车把手及控制机构,所述车架的中部设置有车篮,车架的上方设置有车把手,所述轮组设置于车架底部,所述轮组包括刹车机构、离合机构、车轮、电机及轮毂;In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a smart baby carriage with a control system includes a vehicle frame, a vehicle basket, a wheel set, a handlebar and a control mechanism, the middle part of the vehicle frame is provided with a vehicle basket, A handlebar is arranged on the top of the frame, and the wheel set is arranged at the bottom of the frame, and the wheel set includes a brake mechanism, a clutch mechanism, wheels, a motor and a hub;
所述车轮包括前车轮与后车轮,所述前车轮与后车轮均安装于车架上,所述前车轮设有转向机构,且通过电机驱动前轮上的转向机构来实现转向,所述后车轮包括左后轮与右后轮,且通过电机来驱动后车轮,同时控制左后轮与右后轮的转速差来实现转向;The wheels include front wheels and rear wheels, both of which are mounted on the vehicle frame, and the front wheels are provided with a steering mechanism, and the steering mechanism on the front wheels is driven by a motor to realize steering. The wheels include the left rear wheel and the right rear wheel, and the rear wheels are driven by the motor, and the speed difference between the left rear wheel and the right rear wheel is controlled at the same time to realize steering;
所述左后轮与右后轮均依次连接有可拆卸的轮毂、可拆卸的离合机构、可拆卸的电机及可拆卸的刹车机构;The left rear wheel and the right rear wheel are sequentially connected with a detachable hub, a detachable clutch mechanism, a detachable motor and a detachable braking mechanism;
所述控制机构包括输入信号模块、执行模块、微控制器、电源模块及直流降压模块;所述输入信号模块连接微控制器的输入端,所述微控制器的输出端连接执行模块,所述电源模块的输出端连接直流降压模块的输入端,直流降压模块的输出端连接微控制器的输入端;The control mechanism includes an input signal module, an execution module, a microcontroller, a power supply module and a DC step-down module; the input signal module is connected to the input end of the microcontroller, and the output end of the microcontroller is connected to the execution module. The output end of the power supply module is connected to the input end of the DC step-down module, and the output end of the DC step-down module is connected to the input end of the microcontroller;
所述执行模块包括电机驱动模块、左电机及右电机。The execution module includes a motor drive module, a left motor and a right motor.
优选地,所述刹车机构包括脚踏踏板、电机套筒、凸台及刹车销,所述电机套筒内部设置有凸台,脚踏踏板带动电机套筒转动一定的角度,在凸台的作用下,刹车销顶出插入到轮毂内刹车。Preferably, the brake mechanism includes a pedal, a motor sleeve, a boss and a brake pin, the motor sleeve is provided with a boss, and the pedal drives the motor sleeve to rotate at a certain angle. Next, the brake pin is ejected and inserted into the wheel hub to brake.
优选地,所述离合机构包括离合凸台、离合销及转轮,在刹车状态下,转动所述转轮,所述转轮内设离合凸台,在所述离合凸台的作用下离合销顶出,实现离合机构与轮毂的固定。Preferably, the clutch mechanism includes a clutch boss, a clutch pin and a runner. Under the brake state, the runner is rotated, and the clutch boss is arranged inside the runner, and the clutch pin is driven by the clutch boss. Eject out to realize the fixing of the clutch mechanism and the hub.
优选地,所述电机套装于后轮座上,且设置于电机套筒的内部,所述电机套筒与后轮座互相卡接。Preferably, the motor is sleeved on the rear wheel base and arranged inside the motor sleeve, and the motor sleeve and the rear wheel base are engaged with each other.
优选地,所述电机为轮毂电机,所述轮毂电机安装于婴儿车的前车轮或后车轮上,实现婴儿车的前进或后退,所述前车轮为万向轮。Preferably, the motor is a hub motor, and the hub motor is installed on the front wheel or the rear wheel of the stroller to realize the forward or backward movement of the stroller, and the front wheel is a universal wheel.
优选地,所述电机为带有减速比的直流电机,所述直流电机安装于后轮轴芯位置,且后车轮与直流电机之间设有离合机构。Preferably, the motor is a DC motor with a reduction ratio, the DC motor is installed at the shaft core of the rear wheel, and a clutch mechanism is provided between the rear wheel and the DC motor.
优选地,所述输入信号模块包括蓝牙信号发送模块、UWB定位测距模块或超声波测距模块中的一种或两种或两种以上组合。Preferably, the input signal module includes one or a combination of two or more of a Bluetooth signal sending module, a UWB positioning and ranging module, or an ultrasonic ranging module.
优选地,所述控制机构内部设置召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块、助力模块,所述召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块及助力模块为独立安装或组合安装。Preferably, a calling module, a remote control module, a follower module, and a booster module are set inside the control mechanism, and the caller module, remote control module, follower module, and booster module are installed independently or in combination.
优选地,所述一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车的控制方法步骤为:Preferably, the steps of the control method of the intelligent stroller with a control system are:
S1:婴儿车电源开启,婴儿车通过输入信号模块的蓝牙连接配对;S1: The stroller is powered on, and the stroller is paired through the Bluetooth connection of the input signal module;
S2:进行模式选择,模式选择远距离一键召唤模式、无线遥控模式或近距离自动跟随模式中的一种或者两种或两种以上模式,进入步骤S21、S22、S23或S24;S2: Select a mode, select one of the long-distance one-key call mode, wireless remote control mode or short-distance automatic follow-up mode, or two or more modes, and enter step S21, S22, S23 or S24;
S21:模式选择,选择近距离自动跟随模式,定位模块判断主人位置,上位机发送指令,下位机接收指令;S21: Mode selection, select the close-range automatic follow mode, the positioning module judges the owner's position, the upper computer sends instructions, and the lower computer receives instructions;
S22:模式选择,选择无线遥控模式,手机/电脑发送指令,下位机接收指令;S22: Mode selection, select the wireless remote control mode, the mobile phone/computer sends commands, and the lower computer receives commands;
S23:模式选择,选择远距离一键召唤模式,定位模块找寻主人位置,上位机制制定行动路线,发送指令,下位机接收指令;S23: Mode selection, select the long-distance one-key call mode, the positioning module finds the owner's location, the upper mechanism formulates the action route, sends instructions, and the lower computer receives the instructions;
S24:模式选择,选择远距离一键召唤模式,定位模块找寻主人位置,上位机制制定行动路线,发送指令,遇到障碍物后智能避让,定位模块重新寻找主人位置,上位机制定行动路线,发送指令,下位机接收指令;S24: Mode selection, select the long-distance one-button call mode, the positioning module finds the owner's location, the upper mechanism formulates the action route, sends instructions, intelligently avoids after encountering obstacles, the positioning module searches for the owner's location again, the upper computer formulates the action route, and sends command, the lower computer receives the command;
S3:下位机接收指令后,下位机控制轮组进行转向、直行及缓停;S3: After the lower computer receives the instruction, the lower computer controls the wheel set to turn, go straight and slow down;
S31:下位机控制轮组左右轮速度,差速转向;S31: The lower computer controls the speed of the left and right wheels of the wheel set, and differential steering;
S32:下位机控制轮组缓慢加速,直至设定速度;S32: The lower computer controls the wheel set to accelerate slowly until the set speed;
S33:下位机控制轮组缓慢减速,直至停止。S33: The lower computer controls the wheel set to decelerate slowly until it stops.
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车及其控制方法,具备以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent stroller with a control system and its control method, which has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明设置离合机构,离合机构为手工离合机构,在刹车状态下,转动转轮,并且在离合凸台的作用下离合销被顶出,从而实现离合机构和车轮轮毂的固定,此时电机的转动便可以带动车轮运动,当电机不工作时,因车驱动车轮没有与电机分离,设置有离合机构,婴儿车推起来就比较轻便,用户省力,体验感更佳。1. The present invention is equipped with a clutch mechanism. The clutch mechanism is a manual clutch mechanism. In the braking state, the runner is rotated, and the clutch pin is pushed out under the action of the clutch boss, thereby realizing the fixing of the clutch mechanism and the wheel hub. At this time The rotation of the motor can drive the wheels to move. When the motor is not working, because the driving wheels of the car are not separated from the motor, and a clutch mechanism is installed, the baby stroller is easier to push, which saves effort for the user and provides a better experience.
2、本发明电机采用带有减速比的直流电机,根据用户实际需要将直流电机装在后轮轴芯位置,并在后轮与直流电机之间设有离合系统,其作用在于,当婴儿车不使用电机时,后轮可以与电机分离,此时婴儿车与普通婴儿车无异。2. The motor of the present invention adopts a DC motor with a reduction ratio. According to the actual needs of the user, the DC motor is installed at the shaft core of the rear wheel, and a clutch system is provided between the rear wheel and the DC motor. When the motor is used, the rear wheel can be separated from the motor, and the stroller is no different from an ordinary stroller at this time.
3、本发明设置有可拆卸的轮毂、可拆卸的离合机构、可拆卸的电机及可拆卸的刹车机构,此设计可根据用户实际需要进行配置,更简单方便,满足不同用户的需求。3. The present invention is equipped with a detachable wheel hub, a detachable clutch mechanism, a detachable motor and a detachable brake mechanism. This design can be configured according to the actual needs of users, which is simpler and more convenient to meet the needs of different users.
4、本发明通过设置电机套筒,可以有效保护电机的使用寿命,保护电机免受各种损坏和污染,通过电机套筒与后轮座互相卡接的方式,方便安装,使用方便。4. The invention can effectively protect the service life of the motor and protect the motor from various damages and pollutions by providing the motor sleeve. The motor sleeve and the rear wheel seat are clamped to each other, which is convenient for installation and use.
5、通过蓝牙信号发送模块发送直行、左转、右转、停止和后退命令给微控制器;通过UWB定位测距模块测得人与车之前的距离和角度,发送给微控制器;通过电机驱动模块驱动超声波测距模块对周围环境障碍物距离和角度进行检测,并将检测结果传递给微控制器;实现输入信号模块的信号发送。5. Send straight forward, left turn, right turn, stop and back commands to the microcontroller through the Bluetooth signal sending module; measure the distance and angle between the person and the car through the UWB positioning and ranging module, and send it to the microcontroller; through the motor The driving module drives the ultrasonic ranging module to detect the distance and angle of obstacles in the surrounding environment, and transmits the detection result to the microcontroller; realizes the signal transmission of the input signal module.
6、召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块及助力模块组合安装时可实现带有召唤,遥控,跟随,助力于一体的智能婴儿车,也可各模块独立安装,灵活性高,用户根据需要进行安装。6. When the summoning module, remote control module, follower module and power assist module are installed in combination, a smart stroller with call, remote control, follow and assist can be realized. Each module can also be installed independently, with high flexibility, and users can install it according to their needs .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明智能婴儿车的控制方法流程图;Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the control method of the intelligent stroller of the present invention;
图2为本发明智能婴儿车的控制机构流程图;Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the control mechanism of the smart stroller of the present invention;
图3为本发明智能婴儿车的整体结构示意图一;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram 1 of the overall structure of the intelligent stroller of the present invention;
图4为本发明智能婴儿车的整体结构示意图二;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram 2 of the overall structure of the intelligent stroller of the present invention;
图5为本发明智能婴儿车的轮组结构爆炸图;Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the wheel set structure of the smart stroller of the present invention;
图6为本发明智能婴儿车的轮组结构示意图一;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the wheel set structure of the intelligent stroller of the present invention;
图7为本发明智能婴儿车的轮组结构示意图二;Fig. 7 is a second structural schematic diagram of the wheel set of the smart stroller of the present invention;
图8为本发明智能婴儿车的刹车机构结构示意图;Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the brake mechanism of the smart stroller of the present invention;
图9为本发明智能婴儿车的离合机构结构示意图;Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the clutch mechanism of the intelligent stroller of the present invention;
图10为本发明模拟PID控制系统原理框图。Fig. 10 is a functional block diagram of the analog PID control system of the present invention.
图中:1、车架;2、车篮;3、轮组;4、车把手;5、刹车机构;51、脚踏踏板;52、电机套筒;53、凸台;54、刹车销;6、离合机构;61、离合凸台;62、离合销;63、转轮;7、车轮;71、前车轮;72、后车轮;721、左后轮;722、右后轮;8、电机;9、轮毂;10、控制机构;11、后轮座。In the figure: 1. Vehicle frame; 2. Car basket; 3. Wheel group; 4. Handlebar; 5. Brake mechanism; 51. Foot pedal; 52. Motor sleeve; 53. Boss; 54. Brake pin; 6, clutch mechanism; 61, clutch boss; 62, clutch pin; 63, runner; 7, wheel; 71, front wheel; 72, rear wheel; 721, left rear wheel; 722, right rear wheel; 8, motor ; 9, wheel hub; 10, control mechanism; 11, rear wheel seat.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, so as to Specific orientation configurations and operations, therefore, are not to be construed as limitations on the invention.
请参阅图1-9所示,本发明的一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车,包括车架1、车篮2、轮组3、车把手4及控制机构10,所述车架1的中部设置有车篮2,车架1的上方设置有车把手4,所述轮组3设置于车架1底部,所述轮组3包括刹车机构5、离合机构6、车轮7、电机8及轮毂9;See also shown in Fig. 1-9, a kind of intelligent stroller with control system of the present invention, comprises vehicle frame 1,
所述车轮7包括前车轮71与后车轮72,所述前车轮71与后车轮72均安装于车架1上,所述前车轮71设有转向机构,且通过电机8驱动前轮上的转向机构来实现转向,所述后车轮72包括左后轮721与右后轮722,且通过电机8来驱动后车轮72,同时控制左后轮721与右后轮722的转速差来实现转向;Described
所述左后轮721与右后轮722均依次连接有可拆卸的轮毂9、可拆卸的离合机构6、可拆卸的电机8及可拆卸的刹车机构5;The left
所述控制机构10包括输入信号模块、执行模块、微控制器、电源模块及直流降压模块;所述输入信号模块连接微控制器的输入端,所述微控制器的输出端连接执行模块,所述电源模块的输出端连接直流降压模块的输入端,直流降压模块的输出端连接微控制器的输入端;The control mechanism 10 includes an input signal module, an execution module, a microcontroller, a power supply module and a DC step-down module; the input signal module is connected to the input end of the microcontroller, and the output end of the microcontroller is connected to the execution module, The output end of the power module is connected to the input end of the DC step-down module, and the output end of the DC step-down module is connected to the input end of the microcontroller;
所述执行模块包括电机驱动模块、左电机及右电机。The execution module includes a motor drive module, a left motor and a right motor.
其中,本发明提供了一款带有刹车机构5、离合机构6、电机8、轮毂9的婴儿车,通过设置刹车结构5可以实现刹车功能;通过设置离合机构6,当电机不工作时,婴儿车推起来就比较轻,用户不易劳累,体验较好,通过设置轮毂9配合刹车机构5、离合机构6及电机8工作。此款婴儿车设置有控制机构10,控制机构10安装于车把手4上,控制机构10中通过电源模块及直流降压模块为微控制器及执行模块供电,微处理器为主控STM32单片机,通过输入信号模块连接微控制器的输入端,微控制器的输出端连接执行模块,从而控制婴儿车直行、左转、右转、停止、后退以及能识别并避开障碍物,无需人力推行,解放双手,使用方便。Wherein, the present invention provides a baby stroller with a
一种可选的实施方式,如图7-8所示,所述刹车机构5包括脚踏踏板51、电机套筒52、凸台53及刹车销54,所述电机套筒52内部设置有凸台53,脚踏踏板51带动电机套筒52转动一定的角度,在凸台53的作用下,刹车销54顶出插入到轮毂9内刹车。An optional embodiment, as shown in Figures 7-8, the
其中,本发明设置刹车机构5,通过脚踏踏板51带动电机套筒52转动一定的角度,在凸台53的作用下,刹车销54被顶出并且插入到轮毂9内,由此实现刹车的功能,另外本刹车机构5为可拆卸的,可根据用户需要进行装配。Wherein, the present invention is provided with
一种可选的实施方式,如图9所示,所述离合机构6包括离合凸台61、离合销62及转轮63,在刹车状态下,转动所述转轮63,所述转轮63内设离合凸台61,在所述离合凸台61的作用下离合销62顶出,实现离合机构6与轮毂9的固定。An optional embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the
其中,本发明离合机构6为手工离合机构,在刹车状态下,转动转轮63,并且在离合凸台61的作用下离合销62被顶出,从而实现离合机构6和车轮轮毂9的固定,此时电机的转动便可以带动车轮7运动。Wherein, the
一种可选的实施方式,如图5-6所示,所述电机8套装于后轮座11上,且设置于电机套筒52的内部,所述电机套筒52与后轮座11互相卡接。An optional embodiment, as shown in Figures 5-6, the
其中,本发明通过设置电机套筒52,可以有效保护电机的使用寿命,保护电机免受各种损坏和污染,通过电机套筒52与后轮座11互相卡接的方式,方便安装,使用方便。Among them, the present invention can effectively protect the service life of the motor by setting the
一种可选的实施方式,如图5所示,所述电机8为轮毂电机,所述轮毂电机安装于婴儿车的前车轮71或后车轮72上,实现婴儿车的前进或后退,所述前车轮71为万向轮。An optional embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the
其中,本发明电机8可以为轮毂电机,轮毂电机为可拆卸,可以根据用户需要安装于婴儿车的前车轮71或后车轮72上,根据用户的需要有针对性的实现婴儿车的前进或者后退;本发明设置前车轮71为万向轮,作用是可进行360度旋转,采用万向轮的设置转动更灵活,安全可靠。Wherein, the
一种可选的实施方式,如图5所示,所述电机8为带有减速比的直流电机,所述直流电机安装于后轮轴芯位置,且后车轮72与直流电机之间设有离合机构6。An optional embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the
其中,本发明电机8采用带有减速比的直流电机,根据用户实际需要将直流电机装在后轮轴芯位置,并在后轮72与直流电机之间设有离合系统6,其作用在于,当婴儿车不使用电机时,后轮可以与电机分离,此时婴儿车与普通婴儿车无异。Wherein, the
一种可选的实施方式,如图1-2所示,所述输入信号模块包括蓝牙信号发送模块、UWB定位测距模块或超声波测距模块中的一种或两种或两种以上组合。An optional implementation manner, as shown in Figure 1-2, the input signal module includes one or a combination of two or more of a Bluetooth signal sending module, a UWB positioning and ranging module, or an ultrasonic ranging module.
其中,本发明中通过蓝牙信号发送模块发送直行、左转、右转、停止和后退命令给微控制器;通过UWB定位测距模块测得人与车之前的距离和角度,发送给微控制器;通过电机驱动模块驱动超声波测距模块对周围环境障碍物距离和角度进行检测,并将检测结果传递给微控制器。Wherein, in the present invention, send straight ahead, turn left, turn right, stop and back commands to the microcontroller through the Bluetooth signal sending module; measure the distance and angle between the person and the car through the UWB positioning and ranging module, and send it to the microcontroller ; The ultrasonic ranging module is driven by the motor drive module to detect the distance and angle of obstacles in the surrounding environment, and the detection result is transmitted to the microcontroller.
一种可选的实施方式,如图1所示,所述控制机构10内部设置召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块、助力模块,所述召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块及助力模块为独立安装或组合安装。An optional embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the control mechanism 10 is equipped with a calling module, a remote control module, a follower module, and a power assist module, and the call module, remote control module, follower module and power boost module are independently installed or Combined installation.
其中,所述召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块及助力模块组合安装时可实现带有召唤,遥控,跟随,助力于一体的智能婴儿车;独立安装召唤模块,实现一种带有召唤功能的智能婴儿车;独立安装遥控模块,实现一种带有遥控功能的智能婴儿车;独立安装跟随模块,实现一种带有跟随功能的智能婴儿车;独立安装助力模块,实现一种带有助力功能的智能婴儿车;召唤模块、遥控模块、跟随模块及助力模块每组模块都有其相应的控制系统。Wherein, when the calling module, the remote control module, the following module and the booster module are installed in combination, an intelligent stroller with calling, remote control, following, and power assistance can be realized; the calling module is installed independently to realize a smart stroller with a calling function. Stroller; independently install the remote control module to realize a smart baby stroller with remote control function; independently install the follow module to realize a smart stroller with follow function; independently install the booster module to realize a smart stroller with booster function Smart stroller; calling module, remote control module, following module and booster module. Each group of modules has its corresponding control system.
一种可选的实施方式,如图1-2所示,所述一种带有控制系统的智能婴儿车的控制方法步骤为:An optional implementation, as shown in Figure 1-2, the steps of the control method of the smart stroller with a control system are:
S1:婴儿车电源开启,婴儿车通过输入信号模块的蓝牙连接配对;S1: The stroller is powered on, and the stroller is paired through the Bluetooth connection of the input signal module;
S2:进行模式选择,模式选择远距离一键召唤模式、无线遥控模式或近距离自动跟随模式中的一种或者两种或两种以上模式,进入步骤S21、S22、S23或S24;S2: Select a mode, select one of the long-distance one-key call mode, wireless remote control mode or short-distance automatic follow-up mode, or two or more modes, and enter step S21, S22, S23 or S24;
S21:模式选择,选择近距离自动跟随模式,定位模块判断主人位置,上位机发送指令,下位机接收指令;S21: Mode selection, select the close-range automatic follow mode, the positioning module judges the owner's position, the upper computer sends instructions, and the lower computer receives instructions;
S22:模式选择,选择无线遥控模式,手机/电脑发送指令,下位机接收指令;S22: Mode selection, select the wireless remote control mode, the mobile phone/computer sends commands, and the lower computer receives commands;
S23:模式选择,选择远距离一键召唤模式,定位模块找寻主人位置,上位机制制定行动路线,发送指令,下位机接收指令;S23: Mode selection, select the long-distance one-key call mode, the positioning module finds the owner's location, the upper mechanism formulates the action route, sends instructions, and the lower computer receives the instructions;
S24:模式选择,选择远距离一键召唤模式,定位模块找寻主人位置,上位机制制定行动路线,发送指令,遇到障碍物后智能避让,定位模块重新寻找主人位置,上位机制定行动路线,发送指令,下位机接收指令;S24: Mode selection, select the long-distance one-button call mode, the positioning module finds the owner's location, the upper mechanism formulates the action route, sends instructions, intelligently avoids after encountering obstacles, the positioning module searches for the owner's location again, the upper computer formulates the action route, and sends command, the lower computer receives the command;
S3:下位机接收指令后,下位机控制轮组进行转向、直行及缓停;S3: After the lower computer receives the instruction, the lower computer controls the wheel set to turn, go straight and slow down;
S31:下位机控制轮组左右轮速度,差速转向;S31: The lower computer controls the speed of the left and right wheels of the wheel set, and differential steering;
S32:下位机控制轮组缓慢加速,直至设定速度;S32: The lower computer controls the wheel set to accelerate slowly until the set speed;
S33:下位机控制轮组缓慢减速,直至停止。。S33: The lower computer controls the wheel set to decelerate slowly until it stops. .
其中,本发明的APP软件应用,安装在用户的上位机系统中,车体的蓝牙模块,实现与车体的通讯,可以在上位机APP上设置婴儿车的相关参数及控制模式实现控制模式比如召唤婴儿车、遥控婴儿车、自动跟随婴儿车的各项控制指令的切换与信息实时显示。Among them, the APP software application of the present invention is installed in the user's upper computer system, and the Bluetooth module of the car body realizes the communication with the car body, and the relevant parameters and control modes of the stroller can be set on the upper computer APP to realize the control mode such as Real-time display of the switching and information of various control commands for calling baby carriages, remote control baby carriages, and automatic following baby carriages.
由手机/电脑通过蓝牙发送直行、左转、右转、停止和后退命令给微控制器,接着单片机控制左右电机的转向和转速,做出直行、左转、右转、停止和后退五种行为,实现无线遥控模式;接着为近距离自动跟随模式,由UWB定位测距模块测得人与车之前的距离和角度,发送给微控制器,接着单片机经过自动跟随算法处理后,控制左右电机的转向和转速,做出直行、左转、右转、停止和后退五种行为;最后是远距离一键召唤模式,远距离一键召唤模式包括避障模式,避障模式由电机驱动超声波测距模块对周围环境障碍物距离和角度进行检测,并将检测结果传递给微控制器,由单片机处理信息后控制婴儿车绕过障碍物。The mobile phone/computer sends straight, left, right, stop and reverse commands to the microcontroller through Bluetooth, and then the single-chip microcomputer controls the steering and speed of the left and right motors to perform five behaviors: straight, left, right, stop and backward , to realize the wireless remote control mode; followed by the short-range automatic follow mode, the distance and angle between the person and the car are measured by the UWB positioning and ranging module, and sent to the microcontroller, and then the single-chip microcomputer is processed by the automatic follow algorithm to control the left and right motors Steering and speed, five behaviors of going straight, turning left, turning right, stopping and retreating; the last is the long-distance one-button calling mode, which includes the obstacle avoidance mode, which is driven by the motor for ultrasonic distance measurement The module detects the distance and angle of obstacles in the surrounding environment, and transmits the detection results to the microcontroller, and the single-chip microcomputer processes the information and controls the stroller to bypass the obstacles.
本申请所述的婴儿车采用自动跟随算法,自动跟随算法即PID算法是工业应用中最广泛算法之一,在闭环系统的控制中,可自动对控制系统进行准确且迅速的校正。The stroller described in this application adopts an automatic follow algorithm, which is one of the most widely used algorithms in industrial applications. In the control of a closed-loop system, the control system can be automatically corrected accurately and quickly.
PID算法:就是“比例(proportional)、积分(integral)、微分(derivative)”,是一种常见的“保持稳定”控制算法。PID algorithm: It is "proportional, integral, derivative", which is a common "maintaining stability" control algorithm.
常规的模拟PID控制系统原理框图如图10所示,由此可得出u(t)和e(t)的关系:The block diagram of a conventional analog PID control system is shown in Figure 10, from which the relationship between u(t) and e(t) can be obtained:
其中,Kp为比例增益,是调适参数;Ki为积分增益,也是调适参数;Kd为微分增益,也是调适参数;e为误差=设定值(SP)-回授值(PV);t为目前时间。Among them, Kp is the proportional gain, which is an adjustment parameter; Ki is the integral gain, which is also an adjustment parameter; Kd is the differential gain, which is also an adjustment parameter; e is error=setting value (SP)-feedback value (PV); t is the current time.
在大多数场合中,用“开关量”来控制一个物理量就显得比较简单粗暴了,有时候是无法保持稳定的,因为单片机、传感器不是无限快的,采集、控制需要时间。而且,控制对象具有惯性,比如将热水控制器拔掉,它的“余热”即热惯性可能还会使水温继续升高一小会。此时就需要使用PID控制算法。In most occasions, it is relatively simple and rude to use "switching quantity" to control a physical quantity, and sometimes it cannot be kept stable, because the single-chip microcomputer and sensor are not infinitely fast, and acquisition and control take time. Moreover, the control object has inertia. For example, if the hot water controller is unplugged, its "residual heat", that is, thermal inertia, may continue to increase the water temperature for a while. At this time, the PID control algorithm needs to be used.
①Kp比例增益① Kp proportional gain
Kp比例控制考虑当前误差,误差值和一个正值的常数Kp(表示比例)相乘。需要控制的量,有它现在的当前值,也有我们期望的目标值。当两者差距极大时,变化速率块,随差距减小,变化速率减慢,直至到达期望值。Kp proportional control considers the current error, and the error value is multiplied by a positive constant Kp (representing the ratio). The amount that needs to be controlled has its current value and our desired target value. When the gap between the two is extremely large, the rate of change block, as the gap decreases, the rate of change slows down until it reaches the desired value.
Kp越大,调节作用越激进,Kp调小会让调节作用更保守。The larger the Kp, the more aggressive the regulation, and the smaller the Kp, the more conservative the regulation.
②Kd微分增益② Kd differential gain
有了P的作用,车可能会在平衡角度附近来回“狂抖”,比较难稳住。此时需要一个控制作用,让被控制的物理量的“变化速度”趋于0,即类似于“阻尼”的作用。With the function of P, the car may "shake wildly" back and forth near the balance angle, making it difficult to stabilize. At this time, a control effect is needed to make the "change speed" of the controlled physical quantity tend to 0, which is similar to the "damping" effect.
Kd微分控制考虑将来误差,计算误差的一阶导,并和一个正值的常数Kd相乘。The Kd differential control considers the future error, calculates the first derivative of the error, and multiplies it with a positive constant Kd.
当比较接近目标时,P的控制作用就比较小了,越接近目标,P的作用越温柔,有很多内在的或者外部的因素,使控制量发生小范围的摆动。D的作用就是让物理量的速度趋于0,只要什么时候,这个量具有了速度,D就向相反的方向用力,尽力刹住这个变化。Kd参数越大,向速度相反方向刹的力道就越强。When it is closer to the target, the control effect of P is relatively small. The closer to the target, the gentler the effect of P. There are many internal or external factors that cause the control amount to fluctuate in a small range. The function of D is to make the velocity of the physical quantity tend to 0. Whenever the quantity has a velocity, D will exert force in the opposite direction to stop the change as much as possible. The larger the Kd parameter, the stronger the braking force in the opposite direction of the speed.
③Ki积分增益③Ki integral gain
Ki积分控制考虑过去误差,将误差值过去一段时间和(误差和)乘以一个正值的常数Ki。I的作用就是,减小静态情况下的误差,让受控物理量尽可能接近目标值。Ki的值越大,积分时乘的系数就越大,积分效果越明显。The Ki integral control considers the past error, and multiplies the error value over a period of time (error sum) by a positive constant Ki. The function of I is to reduce the error under static conditions and make the controlled physical quantity as close as possible to the target value. The larger the value of Ki, the larger the multiplied coefficient during integration, and the more obvious the integration effect.
Ki积分控制考虑过去误差,将误差值过去一段时间和(误差和)乘以一个正值的常数Ki。I的作用就是,减小静态情况下的误差,让受控物理量尽可能接近目标值。Ki的值越大,积分时乘的系数就越大,积分效果越明显。The Ki integral control considers the past error, and multiplies the error value over a period of time (error sum) by a positive constant Ki. The function of I is to reduce the error under static conditions and make the controlled physical quantity as close as possible to the target value. The larger the value of Ki, the larger the multiplied coefficient during integration, and the more obvious the integration effect.
PID算法最重要且最困难的工作是参数的调试,即通过调整控制参数(比例增益、积分增益/时间、微分增益/时间)让系统达到最佳的控制效果。The most important and difficult work of the PID algorithm is parameter debugging, that is, the system can achieve the best control effect by adjusting the control parameters (proportional gain, integral gain/time, differential gain/time).
调试中稳定性(不会有发散性的震荡)是首要条件。若PID算法控制器的参数未挑选妥当,其控制器输出可能是不稳定的,也就是其输出发散。不稳定一般是因为过大增益造成,特别是针对延迟时间很长的系统。Stability (no divergent oscillations) is the primary condition for debugging. If the parameters of the PID algorithm controller are not selected properly, the controller output may be unstable, that is, the output diverges. Instability is generally caused by excessive gain, especially for systems with long delay times.
本申请所述的婴儿车所采用的自动跟随算法,即PID控制算法,PID控制方式为位置式PID,其表达式如下所示:The automatic following algorithm adopted by the stroller described in this application is the PID control algorithm, and the PID control method is a positional PID, and its expression is as follows:
其中:k代表采样序号,k=0,1,2,……;Wherein: k represents the sampling sequence number, k=0,1,2,...;
uk--第K次采样时刻的计算机输出值;uk - the computer output value at the Kth sampling moment;
ek--第k次采样时刻输入的偏差值;ek--the deviation value input at the kth sampling moment;
ek-1--第k-1次采样时刻输入的偏差值;ek-1--the deviation value input at the k-1th sampling time;
Ki--积分系数,Ki=Kp*T/Ti;Ki--Integral coefficient, Ki=Kp*T/Ti;
Kd--微分系数,Kd=Kp*Td/T。Kd--differential coefficient, Kd=Kp*Td/T.
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concepts thereof shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN117601152A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-02-27 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Robotic arm drive control system and method based on closed-loop stepper motor |
| CN117601152B (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-05-07 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Robotic arm drive control system and method based on closed-loop stepper motor |
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