CN115054325B - Ultrasonic surgical system - Google Patents
Ultrasonic surgical systemInfo
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- CN115054325B CN115054325B CN202210718639.8A CN202210718639A CN115054325B CN 115054325 B CN115054325 B CN 115054325B CN 202210718639 A CN202210718639 A CN 202210718639A CN 115054325 B CN115054325 B CN 115054325B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/90—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/90—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags
- A61B90/98—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags using electromagnetic means, e.g. transponders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
- A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320072—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
- A61B2017/320074—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts blade
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320082—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for incising tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N2007/0004—Applications of ultrasound therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N2007/0039—Ultrasound therapy using microbubbles
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- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开了一种超声外科系统，包括：主机，生成用于产生超声振动的电信号；换能器，接收电信号并响应于电信号而产生超声振动；轴组件，包括波导杆，波导杆的第一端连接换能器，以传导由换能器产生的超声振动；以及作用部，在波导杆的第二端，用于接收经由波导杆传导的由换能器产生的超声振动，并将所接收的超声振动输出到所接触的组织，其中主机配置为，调节电信号以驱动换能器产生第一频率区间内的超声振动和第二频率区间内的超声振动，第一频率区间的频率上限和频率下限分别为第二频率区间的频率上限和频率下限的二倍，其中轴组件具有第一频率区间的第一谐振频率和第二频率区间内的第二谐振频率，第一谐振频率为第二谐振频率乘以二。
The present application discloses an ultrasonic surgical system, comprising: a host, which generates an electrical signal for generating ultrasonic vibrations; a transducer, which receives the electrical signal and generates ultrasonic vibrations in response to the electrical signal; an axis assembly, which comprises a waveguide rod, a first end of the waveguide rod being connected to the transducer to conduct the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer; and an action portion, at the second end of the waveguide rod, for receiving the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer and conducted via the waveguide rod, and outputting the received ultrasonic vibrations to the contacted tissue, wherein the host is configured to adjust the electrical signal to drive the transducer to generate ultrasonic vibrations within a first frequency range and ultrasonic vibrations within a second frequency range, the upper frequency limit and the lower frequency limit of the first frequency range being twice the upper frequency limit and the lower frequency limit of the second frequency range, respectively, wherein the axis assembly has a first resonant frequency in the first frequency range and a second resonant frequency in the second frequency range, and the first resonant frequency is the second resonant frequency multiplied by two.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to an ultrasonic surgical system, and more particularly, to an ultrasonic surgical system capable of sterilizing while performing a conventional operation.
Background
As a common device for performing a surgical operation, an ultrasonic surgical system such as an ultrasonic blade is widely used for operations of freeing, cutting, hemostasis, small vessel dissociation and closure of tissues, etc. during a surgical operation. Compared with an electric knife, the ultrasonic knife has the advantages of good hemostatic effect, small thermal effect, no smoke, good visual field and the like. However, like conventional scalpels and electrotomes, both of these procedures result in mucosal damage, thus disrupting the barrier function of the mucosa, increasing the probability of intraoperative microbial invasion. Thus, it is often necessary to administer a relatively large dose of antibiotics after a clinical operation using an ultrasonic blade. Even so, there is still a risk of postoperative infection.
As can be seen, there is a need in the art for an ultrasonic blade that is capable of performing sterilization while performing conventional procedures such as free cutting, hemostasis, small vessel dissection and closure.
Disclosure of Invention
The application relates to an ultrasonic surgical system, which comprises a host machine, a transducer, a shaft assembly and an action part. The host generates an electrical signal for generating ultrasonic vibrations, and the transducer receives the electrical signal and generates ultrasonic vibrations in response thereto. The shaft assembly includes a horn having a first end coupled to the transducer for conducting ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer. The active portion is located at the second end of the horn for receiving ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer conducted through the horn and outputting the received ultrasonic vibrations. The host is configured to adjust the electrical signal to drive the transducer to generate ultrasonic vibrations in a first frequency interval or ultrasonic vibrations in a second frequency interval, the first frequency interval having an upper frequency limit and a lower frequency limit that are twice the upper frequency limit and the lower frequency limit, respectively, of the second frequency interval. The horn has a first resonant frequency in a first frequency interval and a second resonant frequency in a second frequency interval, the first resonant frequency being twice the second resonant frequency. The ultrasonic blade according to the present application can output ultrasonic vibrations at two frequencies for tissue cutting and sterilization, respectively, without having to replace the horn.
In some embodiments, the host computer is configured to drive the transducer by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal of the host computer to drive the transducer, the transducer producing a resonant signal, the host computer detecting the resonant signal and sweeping within a second frequency interval, thereby locking the horn at the second resonant frequency first and then locking the first resonant frequency twice the second resonant frequency. In some other embodiments, the host computer is configured to detect the resonant signal and sweep through a first frequency interval by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal of the host computer to drive the transducer, the transducer generating the resonant signal, thereby locking the horn at the first resonant frequency and then locking the second resonant frequency to one half of the first resonant frequency. By sweeping through the frequency interval to lock the resonant frequency, it is possible to take into account that the actual resonant frequency at the horn deviates from the designed resonant frequency within a certain range.
In some embodiments, the waveguide rod is configured to provide a conductive path for ultrasonic vibrations, and the shaft assembly further includes a sleeve and a plurality of supports that are sleeved around the waveguide rod. The support part is sleeved on the waveguide rod at intervals along the length direction of the waveguide rod, and flexibly supports the waveguide rod in the sleeve.
In some embodiments, the position of the support portion along the length of the waveguide rod corresponds to at least some of the nodal positions generated by the waveguide rod at the second resonant frequency, such that vibrational energy at the first and second resonant frequencies can be absorbed as little as possible, thereby enhancing vibrational energy output to the active portion.
In some embodiments, the first frequency interval is 54.5kHz to 56.5kHz to facilitate cutting tissue, and the second frequency interval is 27.25kHz to 28.25kHz to facilitate local sterilization of the vicinity of tissue.
In some embodiments, the host computer is configured to drive the transducer by changing the frequency of the electrical signal to first generate ultrasonic vibrations of the second resonant frequency for a first duration and then continuously generate ultrasonic vibrations of the first resonant frequency when the active portion contacts the tissue. By ultrasonic vibration at the second resonant frequency for the first duration, the vicinity of the tissue may be locally sterilized prior to cutting the tissue with ultrasonic vibration at the first resonant frequency to reduce the likelihood of infection.
In some embodiments, the host computer is configured to drive the transducer by varying the frequency of the electrical signal to produce alternating ultrasonic vibrations of the second resonant frequency for the first duration and ultrasonic vibrations of the first resonant frequency for the second duration when the active portion contacts the tissue. Thus, the new wound surface can be continuously and locally sterilized along with the cutting of the tissue, thereby further reducing the possibility of infection.
In some embodiments, the horn also has an identification tag and the transducer has a sensor that senses the identification tag. In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to, when the electrical signal from the host is received the nth time (i.e., this time), sense the identification tag if the transducer has passed a threshold time since the N-1 th time (i.e., last time) the electrical signal from the host was received, and compare with the N-1 th sensed identification tag. If the transducer has not passed a threshold time since the N-1 st receipt of an electrical signal from the host, the transducer generates ultrasonic vibrations directly based on the first and second resonant frequencies locked by the N-1 st. Since it is not possible to replace the horn in a short time, operating directly using the resonant frequency locked before can save operating time.
In some embodiments, if the sensed identification tag is the same as the N-1 th sensed identification tag, the transducer generates ultrasonic vibrations directly based on the N-1 th locked first and second resonant frequencies, and if the sensed identification tag is different from the N-1 th sensed identification tag, the transducer reports a change in the identification tag of the waveguide rod to the host computer, and the host computer is configured to, in response to the report of the change in the identification tag of the horn, lock the new second resonant frequency of the horn by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal to drive the transducer to rescan in the second frequency interval and lock the new first resonant frequency to twice the new second resonant frequency, or to drive the transducer to rescan in the first frequency interval by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal to lock the new first resonant frequency of the horn and lock the new second resonant frequency to half the new first resonant frequency. Through the above operation, the frequency interval can be automatically rescanned to lock the resonance frequency when a period of time passes and the horn is replaced, and the rescanning is not required to be time-consuming when a period of time passes but the horn is not replaced, so that convenience is brought to operation of doctors and assistants, and meanwhile operation time is saved.
Drawings
The ultrasonic blade and the operation thereof disclosed in the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings are designed solely for the purposes of illustration and description and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the application. In addition, the drawings are merely schematic representations, not necessarily drawn to scale, of the various components and combinations thereof, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an ultrasonic surgical system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2A is a diagram schematically illustrating a waveguide rod and an active portion of an ultrasonic blade in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the waveguide rod shown in phantom in FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating frequency bins and resonant frequencies of an ultrasonic blade according to an embodiment of the application;
FIGS. 4A-4B are diagrams schematically illustrating the change in operating frequency of an ultrasonic blade over time in accordance with embodiments of the present application;
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of an ultrasonic blade according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The structure of an ultrasonic blade and the operation thereof according to an embodiment of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the construction of the components of an ultrasonic blade according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, the ultrasonic surgical system includes a host 10, a transducer 20, a handle 30, a shaft assembly 40, an active portion 50, and a foot pedal 60. The shaft assembly 40 includes a waveguide rod and a cannula, as described in more detail below with reference to fig. 2A and 2B. In some embodiments, the cannula may include an outer cannula and an inner cannula (not shown) for closure and opening of the distal effector of the ultrasonic blade.
The host 10 provides an electrical signal to drive the transducer 20 to produce corresponding ultrasonic vibrations. In some embodiments, the host 10 includes a power converter, clock, processor, amplification circuit, etc. to generate the electrical signal required to drive the transducer 20, e.g., a square wave electrical signal corresponding to a desired frequency, a sinusoidal electrical signal, etc. The transducer 20 comprises a vibrating element, such as a piezoelectric element, that generates ultrasonic mechanical vibrations of a corresponding frequency in response to an electrical signal. In some embodiments, the vibration frequency of the vibration element may substantially correspond to the frequency of the electrical signal from the host 10. In this case, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration generated by the transducer 20 can be changed by adjusting the frequency of the electric signal output from the host computer 10. As used herein, the "frequency of the electrical signal" output by the host 10 is used interchangeably with the "frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations" generated by the transducer 20 driven by the electrical signal, as both substantially correspond with conventional operation. In some embodiments, one end of the waveguide rod of the shaft assembly 40 is connected to the transducer 20 (within the housing of the handle 30), while the other end of the waveguide rod of the shaft assembly 40 is an active portion 50, the active portion 50 contacting tissue for cutting or the like. The shaft assembly 40 thus transmits the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer 20 to the active portion 50.
The high-power ultrasonic vibration can cause tissue cells in contact with the action portion 50 to instantaneously gasify moisture, break protein hydrogen bonds, and disintegrate cells, thereby cutting the tissue. Conventionally, frictional heat caused by high-power ultrasonic mechanical vibrations may assist in coagulation hemostasis while dissecting tissue. As an example, a center frequency of 55.5kHz for ultrasonic cutting with better stability is currently used.
However, a frequency of 55.5kHz, while having a good cutting effect, lacks the bactericidal effect on the incision. Thus, after, for example, laparoscopic surgery using an ultrasonic blade, it is often necessary to administer a larger dose of antibiotics to prevent infection. Studies have shown that ultrasonic vibrations can induce cavitation of liquids in addition to the above-mentioned cutting action. Specifically, under the effect of ultrasonic vibration, nuclei of fine bubbles in the liquid vibrate. When the sound pressure reaches a certain intensity, the bubbles will expand rapidly and then close suddenly, and a shock wave is generated when the bubbles close. The lifetime of the cavitation bubbles is about 0.1 μs, and when rapidly collapsed, it can release huge energy and produce a strong impact microjet with a velocity of about 110m/s and at the same time produce localized high temperature and pressure (5000K, 1800 atmospheres). The above-mentioned instantaneous high-temperature high-pressure produced by cavitation can be used for local sterilization near surgical tissue.
The effectiveness of cavitation is affected by factors such as power, frequency, physical properties of the liquid (e.g., surface tension, viscosity, temperature, gas content, etc.). In particular, the higher the frequency of ultrasonic vibration, the more power is required to generate cavitation. In other words, a lower frequency will be advantageous to produce more pronounced cavitation within the reasonable power range of the medical ultrasonic blade, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of sterilization. Research shows that the sterilization effect of ultrasonic vibration in the range of 20kHz to 38kHz is good. However, the center frequency of 55.5kHz, which is commonly used for cutting, is outside this range, and therefore only weak cavitation can be generated.
Based on this finding, the present application proposes an ultrasonic blade capable of periodically outputting ultrasonic vibrations of 55.5kHz and ultrasonic vibrations in the range of 20kHz to 38kHz alternately or in other ways, so that tissue can be cut with high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations while local sterilization can be performed near the tissue with strong cavitation of low frequency to reduce the amount of antibiotic required after surgery and improve prognosis.
In order to efficiently conduct ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer 20 to the active portion 50, the shaft assembly 40 (particularly, the waveguide rod 42 of the shaft assembly 40, as will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 2A and 2B) needs to resonate at the frequency f of the ultrasonic vibrations. According to the propagation principle of the mechanical vibration, efficient conduction of the ultrasonic vibration can be achieved in the case where the effective propagation length of the shaft assembly 40 (in particular, the waveguide rod 42) is equal to an integer multiple nλ/2 (n is a positive integer) of half the wavelength λ=v/f of the ultrasonic vibration at the frequency f (v represents the propagation speed of the mechanical wave in the shaft assembly 40). It will be appreciated that the shaft assembly 40 (and in particular the waveguide rod 42) of the ultrasonic blade should be of reasonable length in order to avoid unnecessary increases in the difficulty of operation due to excessive length, if sufficient for the active portion 50 to reach the tissue to be operated. In some embodiments, the length of the waveguide rod 42 may be tens of centimeters, twenty-few centimeters, thirty-few centimeters, etc., depending on the depth of tissue to be manipulated, and meeting the length requirements of nλ/2 described above.
Further, in some embodiments, in order to be able to achieve efficient conduction simultaneously for the ultrasonic vibration of the first frequency f 1 of 55.5kHz and the ultrasonic vibration of the second frequency f 2 in the range of 20kHz to 38kHz, the second frequency f 2 may be selected to be one half of 55.5kHz, i.e., 27.75kHz. In this case, the second wavelength λ 2 corresponding to the second frequency f 2 of 27.75kHz is 2 times the first wavelength λ 1 corresponding to the first frequency f 1 of 55.5 kHz. Thus, it will be appreciated that when the length of the waveguide rod 42 is an integer multiple nλ 2/2 of half the second wavelength λ 2, that length is also a corresponding integer multiple nλ 2/2＝2nλ1/2＝nλ1 of the first wavelength λ 1. Accordingly, by determining the length of the waveguide rod 42 and the setting position of the support portion based at least in part on the second frequency f 2 (e.g., 27.75 kHz), efficient conduction of ultrasonic vibrations for the first frequency λ 1 of 55.5kHz and the second frequency λ 2 of 27.75kHz may be compromised, as will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 2B.
Fig. 2A is a diagram schematically showing the waveguide 42 and the action portion 50 of the ultrasonic blade according to the embodiment of the present application. The length, diameter, etc. shown in fig. 2A are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale and therefore do not constitute any limitation on the waveguide rod 42 according to the present application. Fig. 2B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the waveguide 42 shown in phantom in fig. 2A. As shown in fig. 2B, the shaft assembly 40 is composed of an internal waveguide rod 42, a sleeve 44 fitted around the waveguide rod 42, and support portions 46 fitted at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the waveguide rod 42. The support portion 46 flexibly supports the waveguide rod 42 to the inner wall of the sleeve 44 having a high mechanical strength, thereby improving the mechanical stability of the shaft assembly 40 and improving the output strength of the ultrasonic vibration at the acting portion 50.
Without being limited by any theory, the support portion 46 may be provided at a node position along the length direction of the waveguide rod 42 where ultrasonic vibration propagates along the waveguide rod 42, i.e., at a position along the length direction of the waveguide rod 42 where the vibration amplitude is minimum. In this case, the support portion 46 can avoid absorbing vibration energy as much as possible while providing support, thereby increasing the power of the ultrasonic vibration output from the action portion 50 with the output power of the transducer 20 fixed. Further, by absorbing vibrations of frequencies other than the resonance frequency, the support portion 46 can also restrict the propagation of vibrations of other frequencies to some extent, thereby making the frequency of the output ultrasonic vibrations more concentrated.
In the case of using the first frequency of 55.5kHz and the second frequency of 27.75kHz at the same time, the installation position of the support portion 46 needs to be compatible with the node positions at both frequencies. Since the second wavelength λ 2 corresponding to the second frequency f 2 is twice the first wavelength λ 1 corresponding to the first frequency f 1, the number of nodes n 1 formed by the propagation of the first frequency f 1 in the waveguide rod 42 of the shaft assembly 40 is twice the number of nodes n 2 formed by the propagation of the second frequency f 2 in the waveguide rod 42 of the shaft assembly 40. In other words, as shown in fig. 2B, one of each pair of adjacent nodes n 1 of the first frequency f 1 coincides with the node n 2 of the second frequency f 2, while the other does not coincide with the node n 2 of the second frequency f 2. In other words, the node n 2 of the second frequency f 2 is entirely coincident with the node n 1 of the first frequency f 1. As shown in fig. 2B, in some embodiments, the position of the support 46 along the length direction of the waveguide rod 42 is set to correspond to at least some of the node positions n 2 generated by the waveguide rod 42 at the second frequency f 2. In this case, it is possible to make all the supporting portions 46 absorb as little ultrasonic vibration energy as possible, thereby increasing the power of the ultrasonic vibration output to the acting portion 50. Further, by absorbing vibrations of frequencies other than the first frequency f 1 and the second frequency f 2, the support portion 46 can also restrict the propagation of vibrations of other frequencies to some extent, thereby making the frequency of the output ultrasonic vibrations more concentrated.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2B, the support 46 may not be provided at all node positions n 2, but the support 46 may be provided only at some of the node positions n 2. Accordingly, the distance between two adjacent support portions 46 may be an integer multiple nλ 2/2 (n is a positive integer) of half λ 2/2 of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency f 2, such as d 1＝2×λ2/2＝λ2,d2＝λ2/2, and so on. It will be appreciated that the distance between these support portions 46 will be an integer multiple nλ 1 of the wavelength λ 1 corresponding to the respective first frequency f 1.
It should be appreciated that while the first frequency is described as 55.5kHz for device design purposes, in practice, the first frequency used may be selected within an acceptable frequency interval centered at 55.5kHz based on the actual resonant frequency of waveguide rod 42. Further, the second frequency used may be obtained by dividing the first frequency used selected by two. Alternatively, it is also possible to first select a second frequency within an acceptable frequency interval centered at 27.75kHz based on the actual resonant frequency of the waveguide rod 42 and then obtain the used first frequency by multiplying the selected used second frequency by two. Specifically, although the waveguide rod 42 is designed to have a resonance frequency of, for example, 55.5kHz, the actual resonance frequency of the waveguide rod 42 is affected by factors such as manufacturing tolerances, material non-uniformity, and temperature-induced mechanical property variations, and may deviate from the designed 55.5kHz. Therefore, if the frequency of the electric signal outputted from the host computer 10 is directly selected to be 55.5kHz, the actual resonance frequency of the waveguide rod 42 may be deviated, thereby causing a decrease in the conduction efficiency of ultrasonic vibration.
Fig. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating acceptable frequency intervals and resonant frequencies of an ultrasonic blade according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the abscissa represents the frequency f/kHz and the ordinate represents the conduction efficiency e% of ultrasonic energy. The conduction efficiency e% represents the percentage of the power output by the waveguide rod 42 to the active portion 50 to the power of the ultrasonic vibration generated by the transducer 20. As shown in fig. 3, the conduction efficiency e% of ultrasonic energy is higher at the resonant frequencies f 2 and f 1＝f2 ×2, and lower at other frequencies. In some embodiments, 55.5kHz may be taken as the center of the acceptable frequency interval, and the width of the acceptable frequency interval is set to 2kHz (i.e., + -1 kHz), resulting in a first frequency interval [ f 1 -,f1 + ], i.e., 54.5kHz to 56.5kHz. Accordingly, the upper and lower limits f 2 -、f2 + of the second frequency interval may be half of the upper and lower limits f 1 -、f1 + of the first frequency interval, respectively, such as f 2 - =27.25 kHz to f 2 + =28.25 kHz. In the case where the locked first resonant frequency f 1 is not stored by the main unit 10 every time a new waveguide rod 42 is replaced, or the main unit 10 is otherwise not stored, or when a doctor or an assistant actively operates the main unit 10 to command scanning, the main unit 10 may scan within the first frequency interval [ f 1 -,f1 + ] to determine the first resonant frequency f 1 at which the ultrasonic vibration transmission efficiency e% is highest for tissue cutting, and divide the first resonant frequency f 1 by two to obtain the second resonant frequency f 2＝f1/2 for sterilization. Alternatively, the host computer 10 may also scan within the second frequency interval [ f 2 -,f2 + ] to determine a second resonant frequency f 2 with the highest ultrasonic vibration transmission efficiency e% for sterilization, and multiply the second resonant frequency f 2 by two to obtain a first resonant frequency f 1＝f2 ×2 for tissue cutting. It should be noted that the center and width of the above acceptable frequency interval are only examples, and can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.
Without being limited by any theory, scanning the acceptable frequency interval to determine the resonant frequency corresponding to the highest ultrasonic vibration transmission efficiency e% may be performed by any method known in the art or to be developed in the future. In some embodiments, the voltage and current phases on the power supply terminals of the transducer 20 may be detected and compared by the host 10 and the frequency corresponding to the smallest phase difference determined as the resonant frequency within the acceptable frequency interval.
The host 10 is configured to drive the transducer 20 by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal of the host 10. The transducer 20 generates a resonant signal and the host 10 detects the resonant signal and scans in a second frequency interval f 2 -,f2 +, thereby locking the waveguide rod 42 at the second resonant frequency f 2 and then locking the first resonant frequency f 1 to twice the second resonant frequency f 1＝f2 x 2. Or by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal of the host 10 to drive the transducer 20. The transducer 20 generates a resonant signal and the host 10 detects the resonant signal and sweeps through a first frequency interval f 1 -,f1 +, thereby locking the first resonant frequency f 1 of the waveguide rod 42 and then locking the second resonant frequency f 2 to half the first resonant frequency f 2＝f1/2.
Fig. 4A to 4B are diagrams schematically showing the change with time of the operating frequency of the ultrasonic blade according to the embodiment of the present application, wherein the abscissa represents time, the ordinate represents vibration frequency, and t=0 time represents the time when the action portion 50 contacts the target tissue and the main body 10 starts outputting an electric signal to drive the transducer 20 to generate ultrasonic vibration, for example, the time when the doctor depresses the switch 60. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4A, the vibration frequency is the second resonance frequency f 2, e.g., about 27.75kHz, from time 0 to time t 1. Then, after time t 1, the vibration frequency becomes the first resonance frequency f 1, for example, about 55.5kHz. In this case, the cavitation generated by the lower second resonant frequency f 2 can be used to locally sterilize the vicinity of the target tissue in the period of 0 to t 1 before cutting the contacted target tissue with the first resonant frequency f 1, thereby reducing the possibility of infection.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4B, starting from time t=0, the vibration frequency is a second resonance frequency f 2, e.g., about 27.75kHz, for a first time period T 1. Then, the vibration frequency becomes the first resonance frequency f 1 at time T 1 for a second time period T 2, for example, about 55.5kHz. After that, the vibration frequency becomes the second resonance frequency f 2 at time T 2 for the first time period T 1, and so on. In this case, the vibration frequency is periodically alternated between the second resonance frequency f 2 and the first resonance frequency f 1, thereby continuously sterilizing the new wound surface exposed as the tissue is cut, to further reduce the possibility of infection. It should be understood that the points in time and time periods shown in fig. 4A and 4B are for illustration purposes only and do not represent actual time, duration, or proportions thereof.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of an ultrasonic blade according to an embodiment of the present application. As described above, the ultrasonic blade needs to lock the resonant frequency of the waveguide rod 42 for tissue cutting and sterilization operations. During use of the ultrasonic blade, a scenario may occur in which the waveguide rod 42 is replaced, such as, for example, the depth of the target tissue is too deep, the waveguide rod 42 is damaged or overheated, etc. At this point, it will take some time to replace waveguide rod 42 and it may be necessary for host 10 to rescan within the frequency interval to lock the new actual resonant frequency of waveguide rod 42. As an example, the host computer 10 may automatically rescan the acceptable frequency interval after changing the waveguide rod 42 when the doctor depresses the switch 60, such that the doctor or an assistant does not need to operate a key or a user interface on the host computer to instruct the host computer 10 to perform the scan. However, since the waveguide rod 42 may not be replaced (e.g., a more complicated and time-consuming surgical procedure is performed) after a longer interval, it is desirable not to have to perform a rescan after the interval to save operating time.
In order to allow for both ease of operation and time savings for the physician or assistant, the present application contemplates providing an identification tag (not shown, e.g., an RFID tag) on waveguide 42 and providing a sensor (not shown, e.g., an RFID sensor) on transducer 20. The identification tag on waveguide rod 42 is identified by a sensor on transducer 20 to determine if waveguide rod 42 has been replaced.
Specifically, when a threshold time has not elapsed since the transducer 20 last (for example, referred to as the nth-1 th time) generated ultrasonic vibration in response to an electric signal from the host computer 10, since it is unlikely that the waveguide rod 42 is replaced in such a short time, the transducer 20 does not need to perform an identification operation nor does the host computer 10 need to perform a rescan (unless a doctor or an assistant actively operates the host computer 10 to command scanning), but rather, directly performs a tissue cutting and sterilizing operation using the first resonance frequency f 1 and the second resonance frequency f 2 that were previously locked. When a threshold time has elapsed since the transducer 20 last generated ultrasonic vibration in response to an electrical signal from the host 10, the sensor senses the identification tag and compares with the last sensed identification tag. When the sensed identification tag is the same as the last sensed identification tag, it means that the waveguide rod 42 is not replaced, so that the transducer 20 does not need to be operated, nor does the host computer 10 need to be rescanned (unless a doctor or an assistant actively operates the host computer 10 to command scanning), but rather tissue cutting and sterilization operations are directly performed using the previously locked first resonant frequency f 1 and second resonant frequency f 2, thereby saving operation time.
Accordingly, when the sensed identification tag is different from the last sensed identification tag, a change in the identification tag of the waveguide rod 42 is reported to the host computer 10 to indicate that the waveguide rod 42 has been replaced. In response to the report of the change in the identification tag of waveguide 42, host computer 10 may lock onto the new first resonant frequencies f 1 'and f 2' by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal to drive transducer 20 to rescan within the frequency interval. In some embodiments, the host computer 10 may scan between a second frequency interval (e.g., 27.25kHz to 28.25 kHz) to determine a new second resonant frequency f 2' of the waveguide 42. Then, the second resonant frequency f 2 'is multiplied by two to obtain a new first resonant frequency f 1' of the waveguide rod 42. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the host computer may also scan between the first frequency intervals (e.g., 54.5kHz to 56.5 kHz) to determine the new first resonant frequency f 1' of the waveguide 42. The first resonant frequency f 1 'is then divided by two to yield a new second resonant frequency f 2' of the waveguide rod 42.
It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made to the disclosed apparatus. Accordingly, the above description should not be taken as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of aspects of the disclosure. Other modifications within the scope and spirit of this disclosure will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art. For example, any and all features of one described aspect may be suitably integrated into another aspect, and the benefits of that feature in one aspect may be expected to be realized in another aspect.
Claims (7)
1. An ultrasonic surgical system, comprising:
A main body generating an electrical signal for generating ultrasonic vibration;
A transducer that receives the electrical signal and generates ultrasonic vibrations in response to the electrical signal;
A shaft assembly including a waveguide rod having a first end connected to the transducer for conducting the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the transducer, and
An action part, located at a second end of the waveguide rod, configured to receive the ultrasonic vibration generated by the transducer conducted through the waveguide rod and output the received ultrasonic vibration,
Wherein the host is configured to adjust the electrical signal to drive the transducer to generate ultrasonic vibrations in a first frequency interval or a second frequency interval, the first frequency interval having an upper frequency limit and a lower frequency limit that are twice the upper frequency limit and the lower frequency limit, respectively,
Wherein the waveguide rod has a first resonant frequency of the first frequency interval and a second resonant frequency of the second frequency interval, the first resonant frequency being twice the second resonant frequency;
the first frequency interval is 54.5 kHz to 56.5 kHz and the second frequency interval is 27.25 kHz to 28.25 kHz;
The host is configured to drive the transducer by changing the frequency of the electrical signal to first generate ultrasonic vibrations of a second resonant frequency for a first duration and then generate ultrasonic vibrations of the first resonant frequency for a second duration when the active portion contacts tissue, or to drive the transducer by changing the frequency of the electrical signal to generate alternating ultrasonic vibrations of the second resonant frequency for the first duration and ultrasonic vibrations of the first resonant frequency for the second duration when the active portion contacts tissue.
2. The ultrasonic surgical system of claim 1, wherein the host computer is configured to drive the transducer by adjusting the frequency of an electrical signal of the host computer to generate a resonant signal, the host computer detecting the resonant signal and sweeping within the second frequency interval to lock the waveguide rod at the second resonant frequency and then lock the first resonant frequency to twice the second resonant frequency, or the host computer detecting the resonant signal and sweeping within the first frequency interval to lock the first resonant frequency of the waveguide rod and then lock the second resonant frequency to half the first resonant frequency.
3. The ultrasonic surgical system of claim 1, wherein the waveguide is configured to provide a conductive path for the ultrasonic vibrations, the shaft assembly further comprising:
a sleeve pipe sleeved around the waveguide rod,
And the plurality of supporting parts are sleeved on the waveguide rod at intervals along the length direction of the waveguide rod, and flexibly support the waveguide rod in the sleeve.
4. The ultrasonic surgical system of claim 3, wherein a position of the support along a length of the waveguide corresponds to at least some of the node positions generated by the waveguide at the second resonant frequency.
5. The ultrasonic surgical system of claim 2, wherein the waveguide further has an identification tag, and the transducer has a sensor that senses the identification tag.
6. The ultrasonic surgical system of claim 5, wherein:
The sensor is configured to sense the identification tag and compare with an N-1 th sensed identification tag if the transducer has passed a threshold time since an N-1 th receipt of the electrical signal from the host when the electrical signal from the host is received for an N-1 th time, and
If the transducer has not passed a threshold time since the N-1 th receipt of the electrical signal from the host, the transducer generates ultrasonic vibrations directly based on the first and second resonant frequencies locked by the N-1 th.
7. The ultrasonic surgical system of claim 6, wherein:
If the sensed identification tag is the same as the N-1 th sensed identification tag, the transducer generates ultrasonic vibrations directly based on the first and second resonant frequencies locked N-1 th,
If the sensed identification tag is different from the N-1 st sensed identification tag, the transducer reports a change in the identification tag of the waveguide rod to the host computer, and
The host is configured to respond to a report of an identification tag change of the waveguide rod:
By adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal to drive the transducer to rescan within the second frequency interval, thereby locking a new second resonant frequency of the waveguide rod and locking a new first resonant frequency twice the new second resonant frequency, or
The new first resonant frequency of the waveguide rod is locked and the new second resonant frequency is locked to half of the new first resonant frequency by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal to drive the transducer to rescan within the first frequency interval.
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| EP2308395A1 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2011-04-13 | Stryker Corporation | Surgical tool system including a navigation unit that receives information about the implant the system is to implant and that responds to the received information |
| US9044261B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2015-06-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Temperature controlled ultrasonic surgical instruments |
| CN103721308A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 北京速迈医疗科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic debridement surgery system with enhanced cavitation effect |
| US11298434B2 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2022-04-12 | Misonix, Incorporated | Ultrasonic medical probe with failsafe for sterility and associated method |
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