Multifunctional stairs
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of buildings, in particular to a stair for buildings.
Background
Stairs are necessary facilities in buildings, indoor stairs are often arranged in duplex houses, the conventional stairs mainly comprise cement step stairs, wood step stairs or metal step stairs and the like, but the stairs are all in a ladder-type step shape, and due to the limitation of the structure, pedestrians can only go up or down one step when going up and down the stairs, so that the stairs are difficult to walk up and down by using a wheelchair for people with inconvenient lower limb movement, large luggage such as a draw-bar box is inconvenient to carry, and the stairs are also not favorable for quick escape when dangers such as fire disasters occur.
Patent document No. CN108915176A discloses a stair for construction engineering based on worm gear, which can exhibit two forms, namely step-like and slope-like, but has several problems, firstly, the kick panel is a telescopic plate formed by two hollow sleeve-like plug connectors inserted together, so that the thickness of the kick panel is relatively thick and relatively hard to see, and secondly, when going up and down steps, in order to prevent the rotation of the step panel, the step panel is required to move downwards, so that the square block sliders of the two end rotating shafts enter the slots to prevent the rotation; then, the friction and the action of a plurality of parts such as the expansion plate, the sliding block and the like in the process inevitably generate noise, bad experience is brought to the sinking of the stairs, if the stepping speed of going upstairs and downstairs is high, or a child jumps to go upstairs and downstairs, the stepping plate can repeatedly generate sinking and ascending reciprocating motion, thirdly, if the child steps on one end of the stepping plate, according to the technical scheme of the patent, the stepping plate can generate the inclination phenomenon that one end of the stepping plate sinks, and fourthly, although the torsion springs are arranged at the two ends of the rotating shaft in the text, the deviation of the foot part from the center of the stepping plate can not influence the square clamping block to enter the clamping groove, the torsion springs can be twisted by a plurality of series of mechanisms through the manual rotating worm, the weight of the person and the torque generated by stepping on the edge of the stepping plate are far greater than the torque of the manual rotating worm, and the square clamping block can not be clamped into the clamping, therefore, the foot part stressed in the text deviates from the center of the step plate and cannot influence the square fixture block to enter the clamping groove.
How to keep the step board firm stable, and not influencing pleasing to the eye, use the monoblock to kick under the condition of panel, realize two functions of stable use of step stair and slope stair, be the problem that the urgent need be solved among the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional stair to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the multifunctional stair comprises inner stair side plates, outer stair side plates and a plurality of step plates, wherein the inner stair side plates and the outer stair side plates are respectively positioned at two transverse sides of the step plates, the bottom of each step plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding step plate rotating shaft through a connecting plate, two ends of each step plate rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the inner and outer stair side plates through bearings in a penetrating manner, the front end of each step plate is rotatably hinged with a kick panel through a hinge in a pitching manner, the back surface of the kick panel is connected with the bottom surface of the step plate through a telescopic connecting mechanism, the telescopic connecting mechanism comprises a sleeve rotatably hinged to the bottom surface of the step plate in a pitching manner, a pressure spring arranged at the bottom of the sleeve and an inserting rod, one end of the pressure spring is inserted into the sleeve, the other end of the inserting rod is rotatably hinged to the back surface of the kick panel in a pitching manner, first gears or first chain wheels are arranged on the step plate rotating shafts outside the outer stair side plates, the first gears are connected through first toothed belts or, wherein a first rotating handle is fixedly arranged on one first gear or first chain wheel, the first gear or first chain wheel is provided with a first positioning mechanism for positioning the step plates at two positions of level and slope, the rotating shafts of the step plates positioned at the inner sides of the outer stair side plates are respectively connected with a rotating body through bearings in a rotating way, the rotating body comprises a second gear or second chain wheel and a wire winding disc coaxially and integrally arranged with the second gear or second chain wheel, the free end of the inserted link is connected with a steel wire pull wire, the other end of the steel wire pull wire passes through the bottom of the sleeve and is wound and fixed on the wire winding disc, a driving platform is arranged below the rotating body, a plurality of driving units are arranged on the driving platform, each driving unit comprises a supporting body fixedly arranged on the driving platform, a driving rotating shaft inserted and connected on the supporting body through a bearing, a third gear or third chain wheel fixedly arranged at the inner end of the driving rotating shaft and a fourth gear or fourth chain wheel fixedly arranged at the outer end of the, the third gear or the third chain wheel is positioned right below the corresponding second gear or the corresponding second chain wheel and is connected with the corresponding second gear or the corresponding second chain wheel through a second toothed belt or a second chain, the fourth gear is connected with the fourth chain wheel through the third toothed belt or the fourth chain wheel is connected with the third chain wheel, one of the fourth gear or the fourth chain wheel is connected with a rotating mechanism used for driving the fourth gear or the fourth chain wheel, and the rotating mechanism is provided with a second positioning mechanism used for positioning the kicking panel at a position vertical to the stepping plate.
Preferably, each step plate pivot in the outside of outer stair curb plate all sets up first gear, and each first gear is connected through first cingulum, sets up first turning handle on one of them first gear and sets up the first positioning mechanism who is used for fixing a position step plate in level and two positions on the slope on this first gear, and the rotor includes second gear and the wire reel that sets up with second gear coaxial line an organic whole, and drive pivot inner sets firmly the third gear, the fourth gear that the pivot outer end set firmly, the third gear is located under corresponding the second gear and is connected with the second gear that corresponds through the second cingulum, and the fourth gear passes through the third cingulum and connects, and one of them fourth gear connection is used for driving the slewing mechanism of fourth gear.
Preferably, the first positioning mechanism comprises a first positioning pin which is inserted on the corresponding first gear in a sliding manner from outside to inside, a first tension spring which is connected with the tail part of the first positioning pin and corresponds to the outer surface of the first gear, and two first positioning holes which are arranged on the outer stair side plate, wherein the two first positioning holes are positioned on the movement arc line of the first positioning pin.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism is a second rotating handle fixedly arranged on the fourth gear, the second positioning mechanism comprises a second positioning pin arranged at the second rotating handle and slidably inserted on the fourth gear from outside to inside, a second tension spring connecting the tail of the second positioning pin and the outer surface of the corresponding fourth gear, and two second positioning holes arranged on the supporting body, and the two second positioning holes are positioned on the motion arc line of the second positioning pin.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a fifth gear which is fixedly arranged on one of the driving rotating shafts and located on the outer side of the corresponding fourth gear, a sixth gear which is fixedly arranged on the driving platform through a supporting plate in a rotating mode and is in meshed fit with the fifth gear, the radius of the sixth gear is larger than that of the fifth gear, a third rotating handle is fixed on the sixth gear, the second positioning mechanism comprises a third positioning pin which is slidably inserted on the sixth gear from outside to inside, a third tension spring which is connected with the tail of the third positioning pin and corresponds to the outer surface of the sixth gear, and two third positioning holes which are formed in the supporting plate, and the two third positioning holes are located on a movement arc line of the third positioning pin.
Preferably, the bottom of the sleeve is fixedly provided with a positioning rod, the positioning rod is inserted into the pressure spring, and when the insertion rod abuts against the positioning rod, the kicking panel is positioned at a position vertical to the step plate.
The multifunctional stair of the invention, when needing the slope slide, first remove the first positioning mechanism in the horizontal state of the step plate, then rotate the corresponding first gear or sprocket counterclockwise through the first rotating handle, and then drive the step plate to incline counterclockwise, remove the state of top pressure to the bottom of the kick panel, leave the space to the smooth rotation of the kick panel at the same time, then remove the position of the perpendicular state of the kick panel and the step plate through the second positioning mechanism, then drive the fourth gear or the fourth sprocket clockwise through the rotating mechanism, and then drive the corresponding second gear or the second sprocket clockwise through the corresponding third gear or the third sprocket, thus drive the wire winding disc integrally arranged coaxially to release the steel wire drawing wire, the inserted bar pushes the kick panel to rotate counterclockwise around the step plate under the top pressure of the pressure spring, until it is in a planar limit state with the step plate, flexible coupling mechanism is parallel with playing panel and step board this moment, because flexible coupling mechanism can not buckle, need not anxious to play the panel and excessively around step board anticlockwise rotation, continue to operate first rotation handle after that, correspond first gear or sprocket through first rotation handle clockwise rotation, and then drive step board clockwise rotation, until the panel is taken over to the adjacent step board in below on, whole stair form a slope slide, can use this slope state through fixing a position first positioning mechanism this moment, and is very convenient. When reverting into step-like stair, the contrary operation can, remove slope location state through first positioning mechanism earlier promptly, anticlockwise rotation step board is until to the opposite side slope through the horizontal state, the purpose gives the folding of playing the panel and lets out the space, prevent the jam, then operation slewing mechanism drives the step board clockwise rotation to with step board vertical position, after the location through second positioning mechanism, clockwise rotation step board to level again, play the panel and better press on the step board of next floor, form step-like stair, it can to fix a position through second positioning mechanism at last, this process is owing to understanding very easily, here does not do too much concrete and describe repeatedly. The multi-functional stair of this scheme, it is the monoblock panel to play the panel, does not influence pleasing to the eye, because stair go up and down stairs, stair need not the up-and-down motion, play the pivot at panel both ends and also need not to block into the draw-in groove, play the panel and also need not to peg graft and stretch out and draw back, hold the step board firmly stable, also can not produce the noise in the use almost, it is very convenient to use.
Meanwhile, the invention adopts the idea of distributed operation to solve the problems that the kicking panel is difficult to turn over and the mark is easy to form on the step plate because the kicking panel and the step plate are jammed, adopts a smart structure, namely, the rotating body is rotationally connected on the rotating shaft of the step plate through the bearing, the first bearing or the first chain wheel is fixed on the rotating shaft of the step plate to realize that the two operations are not interfered with each other, the rotating body is matched with the telescopic connecting mechanism and is connected through the steel wire pull wire, so that the rotary body only needs to pay off in the process of unfolding the kicking panel, the telescopic connecting mechanism can not only open the kicking panel, but also prevent the kicking panel from being excessively turned over anticlockwise by utilizing the self structure, the anti-bending function is achieved when people walk on the pedal, meanwhile, the telescopic connecting mechanism can synchronously rotate around a shaft in the rotating process of the pedal, and the function is achieved by ingeniously connecting the two rotating parts of the telescopic connecting mechanism and the rotating body together through a steel wire pull wire.
Furthermore, the gear and toothed belt connection is adopted, so that the whole operation process is quieter.
Furthermore, the first positioning pin, the first tension spring and the two first positioning holes of the first positioning mechanism are matched for positioning, so that the structure is simple and reliable, when the first gear needs to be rotated, only the positioning pin needs to be pulled out for rotation, the positioning pin reaches a specified position in the rotation process and is automatically inserted into the corresponding first positioning hole under the action of the first tension spring, and the operation is convenient.
Furthermore, if the second gear rotates for more than one circle when the kicking panel is folded and unfolded, the third gear needs to be increased or the fifth gear and the sixth gear need to be increased, so that the sixth gear can be arranged to be larger, the sixth gear is ensured to rotate for less than one circle, and the third positioning mechanism is convenient to install and use.
Furthermore, the sleeve bottom sets firmly the locating lever, and the locating lever is inserted and is established in the pressure spring, when the inserted lever supported the locating lever, play the panel and be located with step plate vertically position, prevent like this to play the panel when being played, can not clockwise rotate, and is more firm, has had the existence of locating lever, need not to require the pressure spring to compress completely when realizing this function.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the multi-purpose staircase according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side partial schematic view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the driving platform, the rotor and the telescopic link mechanism;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a part of the multi-functional staircase according to embodiment 2 of the present invention
Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in fig. 6.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the multifunctional stair is shown in figures 1-5 and comprises an inner stair side plate 24, an outer stair side plate 4 and a plurality of step plates 3, wherein the inner stair side plate 24 and the outer stair side plate 1 are respectively arranged at two transverse sides of the step plates 3, the transverse direction of the step plates in the embodiment refers to the length direction of the step plates, the bottom of each step plate 3 is fixedly connected to a corresponding step plate rotating shaft 5 through a connecting plate 8, two ends of each step plate rotating shaft 5 are rotatably arranged on the inner and outer stair side plates 24 and 1 through bearings in a penetrating manner, the front end of each step plate 3 is rotatably hinged to a kick plate 2 through a hinge in a pitching manner, the back of the kick plate 2 is connected with the bottom surface of the step plate 3 through a telescopic connecting mechanism, the telescopic connecting mechanism comprises a sleeve 21 rotatably hinged to the bottom surface of the step plate in a pitching manner, a pressure spring 20 arranged at the bottom of the sleeve, and an inserting rod 22 with one end inserted in the sleeve 20 and the other end rotatably hinged to the, the inserted link and the sleeve are made of stainless steel, each step board rotating shaft 5 on the outer side of the outer stair side plate 1 is fixedly provided with a first gear 25 through welding, each first gear 25 is connected through a first toothed belt 4, one first gear 25 is welded with a first rotating handle 7, and the first gear 25 is provided with a first positioning mechanism for positioning the step board 3 at two positions of level and slope, in the embodiment, a fourth first gear from bottom to top is selected to be provided with a first handle and a first positioning mechanism, in other embodiments, the corresponding first gear can be selected according to requirements, each step board rotating shaft 5 on the inner side of the outer stair side plate 1 is rotatably connected with a rotating body through a bearing, the rotating body comprises a second gear 18 and a wire winding disc 23 which is integrally arranged with the second gear 18, the free end of the inserted link 22 is connected with a steel wire 19, the other end of the steel wire passes through the bottom of the sleeve 21 and is wound and fixed on the wire winding disc 23, a driving platform 17 is arranged below the rotating body, the driving platform 17 is fixed on the ground, a plurality of driving units are arranged on the driving platform, each driving unit comprises a supporting body 11 fixedly arranged on the driving platform, a driving rotating shaft 12 inserted and connected on the supporting body through a bearing, a third gear 13 fixedly arranged at the inner end of the driving rotating shaft and a fourth gear 10 fixedly arranged at the outer end of the driving rotating shaft 12, the supporting body is a common bearing seat for supporting a rotating part, the third gear 10 is arranged right below the corresponding second gear 18 and is connected with the corresponding second gear 18 through a second toothed belt 16, each fourth gear 10 is connected through a third toothed belt 9, one of the fourth gears is connected with a rotating mechanism for driving the fourth gear or the fourth chain wheel, and the rotating mechanism is provided with a second positioning mechanism for positioning the kicking panel at a position vertical to the step plate, and for convenience of operation, the fourth gear 18 is a fourth gear counted from front to back.
The first positioning mechanism comprises a first positioning pin 6 which is inserted on the corresponding first gear 25 in a sliding mode from outside to inside, a first tension spring 26 which is connected with the tail of the first positioning pin and corresponds to the outer surface of the first gear, and two first positioning holes which are formed in the outer stair side plate 1, wherein the two first positioning holes are located on the movement arc line of the first positioning pin.
The rotating mechanism is a second rotating handle 14 fixedly arranged on the fourth gear, the second positioning mechanism comprises a second positioning pin 15 arranged at the second rotating handle 14 and slidably inserted in the fourth gear 10 from outside to inside, a second tension spring 28 connected with the tail of the second positioning pin and corresponding to the outer surface of the fourth gear, and two second positioning holes arranged on the supporting body, the two second positioning holes are positioned on a movement arc line of the second positioning pin, and the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin are both made of stainless steel. The sleeve bottom sets firmly the locating lever (not shown in the figure), and the locating lever is inserted and is established in the pressure spring, and when the inserted bar supported the locating lever, the panel of kicking was located with step board vertically position, prevents like this that the panel of kicking can not clockwise rotate when being played by the foot, and is more firm, has had the existence of locating lever, need not to require the pressure spring complete compression when realizing this function.
It should be pointed out that, because the kicking panel is the overlap joint with the adjacent flier in below, in order to prevent that slope slide surface from jolting, the comparison of kicking the panel and doing is thinner, generally about a millimeter, in order to keep bearing capacity, adopt metal material, because the kicking panel is perpendicular setting when the step state with the flier again, it is equivalent to from the position removal tangent with the flier to rotate the kicking panel, consequently only need the flier to rotate anticlockwise slightly for example rotate 1 degree, 2 degrees, the space of letting out can easily overturn the kicking panel. In recovering step state in-process, at first resume and play panel and step board at the vertical state, and the steel wire is acted as go-between and is fixed a position through second positioning mechanism, then the clockwise of step board resets, the clockwise of step board resets and can produce the pulling effect to the steel wire is acted as go-between, the steel wire is acted as go-between and is stretched tighter under the pulling stress effect, and this stress just makes the inserted bar tightly push up on the spring or the locating lever, make the kicking panel more firm, this adopts under wire rope and the relevant structure cooperation, ingenious part when using, the step board is stable vertical structure with the articulated kicking panel of rotation, the lower surface of step board is stable roof pressure vertical structure with the step board of below, each part finally forms a wholly stable structure.
In the in-service use, because the width of step board and kicking panel selects differently, at the in-process that forms the slope slide, if it is finally just to touch ground best to kick the panel, if produce the error, for example the step board is around the result of the step board pivot upset, can produce the interference at lower floor and lead to unable upset to predetermined position, only need increase first step the height can, for example overturn to predetermined angle still can't touch ground, the gap appears, then can reduce the height of first step and solve or establish the cushion buffering of caulking through the pad and kill two birds with one stone, to the upset to the condition that predetermined angle still can't touch ground, because people, when the thing upper surface glided, decurrent pressure can lead to kicking the panel and can turn over downwards and turn over to the ground, also can not do the processing.
The multifunctional stair of the embodiment removes the positioning of the first positioning mechanism on the horizontal state of the step plate when the slope slide is needed, then rotates the corresponding first gear or chain wheel anticlockwise through the first rotating handle to drive the step plate to incline anticlockwise, removes the jacking state of the bottom of the kick panel, leaves a space for the smooth rotation of the kick panel, removes the positioning of the kick panel and the vertical state of the step plate through the second positioning mechanism, drives the fourth gear or the fourth chain wheel to rotate clockwise through the rotating mechanism, drives the corresponding second gear or the corresponding second chain wheel to rotate clockwise through the corresponding third gear or the corresponding third chain wheel, thereby drives the winding disc integrally arranged on the coaxial line to release the steel wire stay wire, drives the kick panel to rotate anticlockwise around the step plate under the jacking of the pressure spring until the kick panel and the step plate are in a planar limit state, flexible coupling mechanism is parallel with playing panel and step board this moment, because flexible coupling mechanism can not buckle, need not anxious to play the panel and excessively around step board anticlockwise rotation, continue to operate first rotation handle after that, correspond first gear or sprocket through first rotation handle clockwise rotation, and then drive step board clockwise rotation, until the panel is taken over to the adjacent step board in below on, whole stair form a slope slide, can use this slope state through fixing a position first positioning mechanism this moment, and is very convenient. When reverting into step-like stair, the contrary operation can, remove slope location state through first positioning mechanism earlier promptly, anticlockwise rotation step board is until to the opposite side slope through the horizontal state, the purpose gives the folding of playing the panel and lets out the space, prevent the jam, then operation slewing mechanism drives the step board clockwise rotation to with step board vertical position, after the location through second positioning mechanism, clockwise rotation step board to level again, play the panel and better press on the step board of next floor, form step-like stair, it can to fix a position through second positioning mechanism at last, this process is owing to understanding very easily, here does not do too much concrete and describe repeatedly. The multi-functional stair of this scheme, it is the monoblock panel to play the panel, does not influence pleasing to the eye, because stair go up and down stairs, stair need not the up-and-down motion, and the pivot at play panel both ends also need not to block into the draw-in groove, plays the panel and also need not to peg graft and stretch out and draw back, holds the step board firmly stably, also can not produce the noise in the use, and it is very convenient to use, adopts the gear cingulum to connect for whole operation process is more quiet.
Example 2
Different from the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 6-7, the rotating mechanism includes a fifth gear 33 fixed on one of the driving shafts and located outside the corresponding fourth gear 10, a sixth gear 29 rotationally fixed on the driving platform through a supporting plate 32 and engaged with the fifth gear 33, the sixth gear has a radius larger than that of the fifth gear, a third rotating handle 31 is fixed on the sixth gear, the second positioning mechanism includes a third positioning pin 30 slidably inserted on the sixth gear from outside to inside, a third tension spring (not shown in the figure) connecting the tail of the third positioning pin and the outer surface of the corresponding sixth gear, and two third positioning holes (not shown in the figure) provided on the supporting plate, and the two third positioning holes are located on the moving arc line of the third positioning pin 30. If the folding and the expansion of playing the panel need the second gear rotate more than a week, adopt the mode that increases fifth gear and sixth gear, can be big like this the sixth gear setting, guarantee that the sixth gear rotates no more than a week, make things convenient for third positioning mechanism's installation to use.
In other embodiments, the gear can be replaced by a chain wheel, and the toothed belt can be replaced by a chain.