CN108204040B - A Friction-Plastic Hinge That Makes Structures Nondestructive - Google Patents
A Friction-Plastic Hinge That Makes Structures Nondestructive Download PDFInfo
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- CN108204040B CN108204040B CN201810086075.4A CN201810086075A CN108204040B CN 108204040 B CN108204040 B CN 108204040B CN 201810086075 A CN201810086075 A CN 201810086075A CN 108204040 B CN108204040 B CN 108204040B
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/023—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings and comprising rolling elements, e.g. balls, pins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/024—Structures with steel columns and beams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2406—Connection nodes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
一种使结构无损的摩擦塑性铰，属于土木工程中钢结构节点抗震技术领域，基础单元由圆管型封板、限位条、型钢梁构成，型钢梁与圆管型封板焊接，限位条与圆管型封板焊接且限位条均匀分布在管内壁侧，圆管型封板与转动单连接板对应处开有槽口；转动单元由型钢梁、圆弧形封板、橡胶摩擦材料、转动单连接板构成，橡胶摩擦材料与圆弧形封板内壁粘贴；连接耗能单元由加载旋转螺栓限位螺栓、双摩擦片连接板(双摩擦片、双连接板)构成，双摩擦片分别紧贴在双连接板的内侧，将转动单连接板通过圆管型封板设置的槽口嵌入其中，双摩擦片连接板分别从两侧沿限位条归位至紧贴转动单连接板两侧，通过加载旋转螺栓、限位螺栓以及连接板对应的螺栓孔将三部分连接。
A friction-plastic hinge that makes the structure non-destructive belongs to the field of anti-seismic technology of steel structure nodes in civil engineering. The limit bar is welded with the circular tube-shaped sealing plate and the limit bar is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the tube. , rubber friction material, and rotating single connecting plate, the rubber friction material is pasted on the inner wall of the circular arc-shaped sealing plate; the connecting energy dissipation unit is composed of loading rotating bolt limit bolt, double friction plate connecting plate (double friction plate, double connecting plate) , the double friction plates are respectively attached to the inner side of the double connecting plate, and the rotating single connecting plate is embedded in the notch set by the round tube sealing plate, and the connecting plates of the double friction plates are respectively returned from the two sides along the limit strip to the tight position. Rotate both sides of the single connecting plate, and connect the three parts by loading the rotating bolt, the limit bolt and the corresponding bolt holes of the connecting plate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及钢结构梁中塑性铰，属于土木工程中钢结构节点抗震技术领域。The invention relates to a plastic hinge in a steel structure beam and belongs to the technical field of anti-seismic technology of steel structure nodes in civil engineering.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，基于无损结构抗震设计设想开始被学者提起，对于结构工程学科的研究带来了一个新的研究思想。在基于结构无损的抗震设计中，通过特殊的耗能装置代替塑性铰作用，设想了建筑的抗震要求，而且可以用不同的方法和手段去实现这些抗震要求，这样可以使新材料、新结构体系、新的设计方法等更容易得到应用。In recent years, the idea of seismic design based on non-destructive structures has begun to be proposed by scholars, which has brought a new research idea to the study of structural engineering. In the anti-seismic design based on non-destructive structure, the anti-seismic requirements of the building are envisaged by replacing the plastic hinge with special energy-dissipating devices, and different methods and means can be used to achieve these anti-seismic requirements, which can make new materials and new structural systems , New design methods, etc. are easier to apply.
塑性铰是指在荷载作用下，结构中的若干截面处弯矩达到塑性极限弯矩时，该截面发生一定转动，类似“铰”的效果，致使结构产生内力重分布。钢结构建筑在地震作用下，往往会在梁柱节点处形成塑性铰以耗散输入到结构中的大部分能量，保护柱与节点基本处于线弹性工作节点，使结构实现中震可修、大震不倒的目标。这要求结构具有可行的能量耗散机构，包括建立理想的塑性铰出现次序，以及给予各个构件适当的强度，以保证结构的塑性铰只在选定位置出现等。Plastic hinge means that under the action of load, when the bending moment at several sections in the structure reaches the plastic limit bending moment, the section will rotate to a certain extent, similar to the effect of "hinge", resulting in the redistribution of internal forces in the structure. Under earthquake action, steel structure buildings often form plastic hinges at the beam-column joints to dissipate most of the energy input into the structure. An unstoppable target. This requires the structure to have a feasible energy dissipation mechanism, including establishing the ideal sequence of plastic hinges, and giving appropriate strength to each component to ensure that the plastic hinges of the structure only appear at selected positions, etc.
为避免钢结构梁柱节点在地震作用下发生脆性破坏，常用的处理方法是通过一定的构造措施将塑性铰外移，其方法有三种：一是将节点局部加强，统称加强型节点，如扩大翼缘型、翼缘加盖板型和翼缘加腋型等，但这种做法在一定程度上降低了节点的延性性能，而且势必要求柱的截面尺寸加大，增加工程造价；二是将梁端翼缘或腹板局部削弱，统称削弱型节点，如“狗骨”型、腹板开洞型、开长槽型以及焊接孔扩大型，这种方法虽可满足延性要求，却会降低结构的承载能力；三是将加强型节点和削弱型节点联合运用，即梁端翼缘局部加强，而加强区外采用翼缘“狗骨”削弱，节约钢材的同时保证了结构的承载力。In order to avoid brittle failure of steel structure beam-column joints under earthquake action, the common treatment method is to move the plastic hinge outward through certain structural measures. Flange type, flange cover plate type and flange haunch type, etc., but this method reduces the ductility of the joints to a certain extent, and it will inevitably require the section size of the column to increase, increasing the project cost; Beam end flanges or webs are locally weakened, collectively referred to as weakened joints, such as "dog-bone" type, web opening type, long slot type, and welding hole expansion type. Although this method can meet the ductility requirements, it will reduce the structural strength. Bearing capacity; the third is to use reinforced joints and weakened joints together, that is, the beam end flange is partially strengthened, and the flange "dog bone" is used to weaken the outside of the reinforced area, saving steel and ensuring the bearing capacity of the structure.
国内关于钢结构塑性铰的构造做法虽可有效实现塑性铰外移并达到保护梁柱节点的目的，但仍存在以下缺陷：(1)塑性铰极有可能发生完全破坏，结构的耗能以震后不可修复为代价；(2)难以实现结构耗能的精准控制，只能粗略地控制塑性铰的出现位置；(3)塑性铰的形成机制极大程度上依赖于钢材材性及节点构造细节，而某些构造方法实现难度较大。Although the domestic construction methods of plastic hinges in steel structures can effectively realize the outward movement of plastic hinges and achieve the purpose of protecting beam-column joints, there are still the following defects: (1) Plastic hinges are very likely to be completely destroyed, and the energy consumption of the structure is equivalent to that of earthquakes. (2) It is difficult to achieve precise control of structural energy consumption, and can only roughly control the location of plastic hinges; (3) The formation mechanism of plastic hinges largely depends on the properties of steel and the structural details of joints , and some construction methods are more difficult to implement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种使结构无损的摩擦塑性铰。The object of the present invention is to provide a friction-plastic hinge which makes the structure non-destructive.
本发明是一种使结构无损的摩擦塑性铰，包括基础单元、转动单元、连接耗能单元三部分，基础单元由圆管型封板8、限位条4、第一型钢梁1-1构成，其中第一型钢梁1-1与圆管型封板8连接，限位条4与圆管型封板8连接；转动单元由第二型钢梁1-2、圆弧形封板2、橡胶摩擦材料3、转动单连接板10构成，圆弧形封板2与第二型钢梁1-2连接，转动单连接板10与圆弧形封板2连接，橡胶摩擦材料3与圆弧形封板2内壁粘贴；连接耗能单元由加载旋转螺栓5、限位螺栓6、双摩擦片连接板7构成，双摩擦片连接板7由双摩擦片16、双连接板17构成，双摩擦片16分别紧贴在双连接板17的内侧，将转动单连接板10通过圆管型封板8设置的槽口嵌入其中，双摩擦片连接板7分别从两侧沿限位条4归位至紧贴转动单连接板10两侧，通过加载旋转螺栓5和限位螺栓6以及各连接板对应的螺栓孔将三部分连接。The present invention is a frictional plastic hinge that makes the structure non-destructive, including three parts: a basic unit, a rotating unit, and a connecting energy-consuming unit. Composition, wherein the first steel beam 1-1 is connected with the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8, the limit bar 4 is connected with the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8; the rotation unit is composed of the second steel beam 1-2, the arc-shaped sealing plate 2. The rubber friction material 3 is composed of a rotating single connecting plate 10, the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 is connected with the second steel beam 1-2, the rotating single connecting plate 10 is connected with the arc-shaped sealing plate 2, and the rubber friction material 3 is connected with the second steel beam 1-2. The inner wall of the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 is pasted; the connection energy consumption unit is composed of a loading rotating bolt 5, a limit bolt 6, and a double friction plate connecting plate 7, and the double friction plate connecting plate 7 is composed of a double friction plate 16 and a double connecting plate 17. The double friction plates 16 are closely attached to the inner side of the double connecting plate 17 respectively, and the rotating single connecting plate 10 is embedded in the notch provided by the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8, and the double friction plate connecting plates 7 are respectively along the limit bar 4 from both sides. Return to the position close to the two sides of the rotating single connecting plate 10, and connect the three parts by loading the rotating bolt 5 and the limit bolt 6 and the corresponding bolt holes of each connecting plate.
本发明与背景技术相比，具有的有益的效果是：本发明内含左侧单元、右侧单元及连接单元三部分并布置在结构梁端区域或桁架指定部位。与传统“塑性铰”相比，本设计的摩擦“塑性铰”有以下区别：(1)可承受一定的弯矩；(2)塑性铰截面处的材料并未进入塑性阶段；(3)可发生两个方向的转动；地震作用下，本发明可实现精准耗能，新型摩擦“塑性铰”区域会优先于其它梁柱构件的破坏而发生转动，通过相互摩擦耗能，以减小强震荷载对其它区域的作用，保证其它梁柱构件强震下在弹性变形范围内，安全可靠；(4)本发明结构简单、造价低廉，震后无需修复或只需简单更换部分组件，就可实现结构的快速修复，非常适用于高烈度设防地区工业厂房、大型商场及住宅建筑中。Compared with the background technology, the present invention has the beneficial effect that: the present invention contains three parts: the left unit, the right unit and the connecting unit, and they are arranged in the structural beam end area or the specified position of the truss. Compared with the traditional "plastic hinge", the friction "plastic hinge" of this design has the following differences: (1) it can withstand a certain bending moment; (2) the material at the plastic hinge section has not entered the plastic stage; (3) it can Rotation in two directions occurs; under the action of an earthquake, the invention can realize precise energy consumption, and the new friction "plastic hinge" area will rotate prior to the destruction of other beam-column components, and the energy consumption through mutual friction can reduce strong earthquakes The effect of the load on other areas ensures that other beam-column members are safe and reliable within the elastic deformation range under strong earthquakes; (4) the invention has a simple structure and low cost, and can be realized without repair or simple replacement of some components after the earthquake The rapid repair of structures is very suitable for industrial plants, large shopping malls and residential buildings in highly fortified areas.
本发明可根据实际结构的受力特点和耗能需求，通过改变摩擦材料的摩擦系数和厚度、调节双摩擦片面的法向挤压力、螺栓的性能等参数，灵活调整“塑性铰”的刚度和耗能能力等参数，进而广泛地运用于各类钢结构建筑。The present invention can flexibly adjust the stiffness of the "plastic hinge" according to the stress characteristics and energy consumption requirements of the actual structure, by changing the friction coefficient and thickness of the friction material, adjusting the normal extrusion force of the double friction surface, the performance of the bolt and other parameters And energy consumption capacity and other parameters, and then widely used in various types of steel structure buildings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是整体构造平面图，图2是旋转单元结构示意图，图3是基础单元结构示意图，图4是双连接板结构示意图，图5是双摩擦片连接板布置截面图，图6是双摩擦片结构示意图，图7是整体结构示意图，图8是该构造在梁柱结构中的布置示意图，图9～图10是结构体系部分梁的受力变形状态图，图11是结构体系柱的受力变形状态图，图12是新型摩擦“塑性铰”滑动耗能图，图13和图14是结构体系在无荷载作用和受水平荷载作用下的运动状态图。Fig. 1 is a plan view of the overall structure, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating unit, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the basic unit, Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double connecting plate, Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the connecting plate of the double friction plate, and Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the double friction plate Schematic diagram of the structure, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure, Figure 8 is a schematic layout of the structure in a beam-column structure, Figures 9 to 10 are the stress deformation state diagrams of some beams in the structural system, and Figure 11 is the force of the columns in the structural system Deformation state diagram, Fig. 12 is the sliding energy consumption diagram of the new friction "plastic hinge", Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 are the motion state diagrams of the structural system under no load and under horizontal load.
附图标记及对应名称为：第一型钢梁1-1，第二型钢梁1-2，圆弧形封板2，橡胶摩擦材料3，限位条4，转动加载螺栓5，限位螺栓6，双摩擦片连接板7，圆管型封板8，连接焊缝9，转动单连接板10，单连接板加载旋转螺栓孔11，单连接板限位螺栓孔12，限位条槽口13，双连接板加载旋转螺栓孔14，双连接板限位螺栓孔15，双摩擦片16，双连接板17，型钢梁加肋板18，型钢柱19，型钢柱加肋板20。Reference signs and corresponding names are: first steel beam 1-1, second steel beam 1-2, arc-shaped sealing plate 2, rubber friction material 3, limit bar 4, rotating loading bolt 5, limit Bolt 6, double friction plate connecting plate 7, round tube sealing plate 8, connecting weld 9, rotating single connecting plate 10, single connecting plate loading rotation bolt hole 11, single connecting plate limit bolt hole 12, limit bar groove Mouth 13, double connection plate loading rotation bolt hole 14, double connection plate limit bolt hole 15, double friction plate 16, double connection plate 17, shaped steel beam with ribbed plate 18, shaped steel column 19, shaped steel column with ribbed plate 20.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本如图1～图2所示，本发明是基于摩擦摆隔震支座的耗能原理，并结合汽车刹车装置的构造方式设计的。本发明包括基础单元、转动单元、连接耗能单元三部分，基础单元由圆管型封板8、限位条4、第一型钢梁1-1构成，其中第一型钢梁1-1与圆管型封板8连接，限位条4与圆管型封板8连接；转动单元由第二型钢梁1-2、圆弧形封板2、橡胶摩擦材料3、转动单连接板10构成，圆弧形封板2与第二型钢梁1-2连接，转动单连接板10与圆弧形封板2连接，橡胶摩擦材料3与圆弧形封板2内壁粘贴；连接耗能单元由加载旋转螺栓5、限位螺栓6、双摩擦片连接板7构成，双摩擦片连接板7由双摩擦片16、双连接板17构成，双摩擦片16分别紧贴在双连接板17的内侧，将转动单连接板10通过圆管型封板8设置的槽口嵌入其中，双摩擦片连接板7分别从两侧沿限位条4归位至紧贴转动单连接板10两侧，通过加载旋转螺栓5和限位螺栓6以及各连接板对应的螺栓孔将三部分连接。As shown in Figures 1 to 2, the present invention is designed based on the energy dissipation principle of the friction pendulum shock-isolation support and combined with the construction method of the automobile brake device. The present invention includes three parts: a basic unit, a rotating unit, and a connecting energy-consuming unit. The basic unit is composed of a circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8, a limit strip 4, and a first steel beam 1-1, wherein the first steel beam 1-1 It is connected with the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8, and the limit strip 4 is connected with the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8; the rotating unit is composed of the second steel beam 1-2, the arc-shaped sealing plate 2, the rubber friction material 3, and the rotating single connecting plate 10, the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 is connected with the second steel beam 1-2, the rotating single connecting plate 10 is connected with the arc-shaped sealing plate 2, and the rubber friction material 3 is pasted on the inner wall of the arc-shaped sealing plate 2; the connection consumes The energy unit is composed of a loading rotating bolt 5, a limit bolt 6, and a double friction plate connecting plate 7. The double friction plate connecting plate 7 is composed of a double friction plate 16 and a double connecting plate 17. The double friction plates 16 are respectively attached to the double connecting plate. 17, the rotating single connecting plate 10 is embedded in the notch provided by the round tube-shaped sealing plate 8, and the double friction plate connecting plate 7 is homing from both sides along the limit bar 4 to be close to the rotating single connecting plate 10. On the side, the three parts are connected by loading the rotating bolt 5 and the limit bolt 6 and the corresponding bolt holes of each connecting plate.
上述的第一型钢梁1-1与圆管型封板8为焊接连接，限位条4与圆管型封板8为焊接连接；圆弧形封板2与第二型钢梁1-2为焊接连接，转动单连接板10与圆弧形封板2为焊接连接。The above-mentioned first steel beam 1-1 is welded to the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8, and the limit strip 4 is welded to the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8; the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 is connected to the second steel beam 1- 2 is a welding connection, and the rotating single connecting plate 10 and the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 are a welding connection.
以上所述的圆管型封板8设置为半周开槽，槽口于转动单连接板10方位且居中，限位条4位于半周开槽的圆管型封板8圆平面方向的45°和135°轴线方向的两侧。The circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8 described above is set as a half-circle groove, and the notch is centered in the direction of the rotating single connecting plate 10. The limit strip 4 is located at 45° and Both sides of the 135° axis direction.
以上所述的转动单连接板10焊接于圆弧形封板2内壁侧的中间，据圆弧形封板2中心设置单连接板加载旋转螺栓孔11，并均匀等距布置四个单连接板限位螺栓孔12于单连接板加载旋转螺栓孔11平面的90°和180°的轴线方向。The above-mentioned rotating single connecting plate 10 is welded in the middle of the inner wall side of the arc-shaped sealing plate 2, and the single connecting plate loading rotating bolt hole 11 is arranged according to the center of the arc-shaped sealing plate 2, and four single connecting plates are evenly and equidistantly arranged. The limit bolt holes 12 are in the axial direction of 90° and 180° of the plane of the single connecting plate loading rotating bolt hole 11 .
以上所述的双摩擦片16和双连接板17分别在圆心处开设双连接板加载旋转螺栓孔14并均匀等距布置四个双连接板限位螺栓孔15于双连接板加载旋转螺栓孔14平面的90°和180°的轴线方向，连接板板平面方向的45°和135°轴线方向外径处的四个位置设置限位条槽口13且略大于限位条4尺寸。The above-mentioned double friction plates 16 and double connecting plates 17 are respectively provided with double connecting plate loading rotating bolt holes 14 at the center of the circle, and four double connecting plate limit bolt holes 15 are evenly and equidistantly arranged in the double connecting plate loading rotating bolt holes 14 In the axial direction of 90° and 180° of the plane, four positions at the outer diameter of the connecting plate in the axial direction of 45° and 135° in the plane direction of the connecting plate are provided with limit bar notches 13 and are slightly larger than the size of the limit bar 4 .
如图1～图7所示，圆弧形封板2焊接在型钢梁1-2上，圆管型封板8通过焊缝9焊接在型钢梁1-1上，都可随型钢梁1-2端发生一定转动。圆弧形封板2内居中设置有转动单连接板10且其凹面外表面粘有橡胶摩擦材料3。圆管型封板8中间处有一个条形槽口，开口宽度与转动单连接板10的厚度相当，沿其内壁侧均匀位置焊接有四个限位条4。双摩擦片连接板7分别沿圆管两侧的限位条4可向内滑移，左侧转动单连接板10与右侧双摩擦片连接板7通过限位螺栓6与转动加载螺栓5连接，且连接板表面均做喷砂等粗糙处理。通过转动加载螺栓5的两侧拧紧加载于双摩擦片连接板7并作用到转动单连接板10两侧面，限位条4限制双摩擦片连接板7的转动，而转动单连接板10在限位螺栓6被剪断后可发生绕转动加载螺栓5转动。圆弧形封板2及左侧转动单连接板10的圆心与圆管型封板8及双摩擦片连接板7的圆心重合。为保证梁在正常使用情况下，保持连续性，因此设计圆管型封板8的上下外表面与梁的翼缘相切。为保证大震作用下，限位螺栓6优先被剪断，设置限位螺栓6的面积之和小于转动加载螺栓5的面积。As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 is welded on the shaped steel beam 1-2, and the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8 is welded on the shaped steel beam 1-1 through the weld seam 9. Beam 1-2 ends have a certain rotation. A rotating single connecting plate 10 is arranged in the center of the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 and rubber friction material 3 is adhered to the concave outer surface. There is a bar-shaped notch in the middle of the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8, the opening width is equivalent to the thickness of the rotating single connecting plate 10, and four limit strips 4 are welded at uniform positions along its inner wall side. The double-friction plate connecting plate 7 can slide inward along the limit strips 4 on both sides of the round tube respectively, and the left-hand rotating single connecting plate 10 is connected to the right double-friction plate connecting plate 7 through the limit bolt 6 and the rotating loading bolt 5 , and the surface of the connecting plate is roughened by sandblasting. By rotating both sides of the loading bolt 5 and tightening the load on the double friction plate connecting plate 7 and acting on both sides of the rotating single connecting plate 10, the limit bar 4 limits the rotation of the double friction plate connecting plate 7, while the rotating single connecting plate 10 is limited. After the position bolt 6 is sheared off, it can rotate around the rotating loading bolt 5 . The center of circle of the arc-shaped sealing plate 2 and the single connecting plate 10 rotating on the left side coincides with the center of circle of the circular tube type sealing plate 8 and the connecting plate 7 of double friction discs. In order to ensure the continuity of the beam under normal use conditions, the upper and lower outer surfaces of the circular tube-shaped sealing plate 8 are designed to be tangent to the flange of the beam. In order to ensure that under the action of a large earthquake, the limit bolts 6 are preferentially sheared off, and the sum of the areas of the limit bolts 6 is set to be smaller than the area of the rotationally loaded bolts 5 .
本发明的工作过程如下：Working process of the present invention is as follows:
根据摩擦型塑性铰构造工作原理，其应用于结构体系中把塑性铰与柱连接相应段型钢梁作为刚域，在无荷载作用下的塑性铰分布，以ABCD结构在E、F、G、H处布置的塑性铰作用为例，如图13所示。当结构体系在水平荷载和竖向均布荷载作用下，新型摩擦“塑性铰”构造随着柱的变形由弹性变形转变为塑性变形发生转角至摩擦耗能，如图14。由结构力学原理，假定梁AB和柱AC的受力变形如图9和图11所示，对于柱AC而言，梁AB相当于在柱AC两端装置转动抗扭弹簧，如图11所示。根据叠加原理，结构体系受到水平荷载F1、F2和竖向均布荷载q作用。According to the working principle of friction-type plastic hinge structure, it is applied in the structural system, and the plastic hinge is connected with the corresponding section of the steel beam as the rigid domain. The plastic hinge distribution under no load is based on the ABCD structure in E, F, G, The plastic hinge effect arranged at H is taken as an example, as shown in Fig. 13. When the structural system is under the action of horizontal load and vertical uniform load, the new type of friction "plastic hinge" structure changes from elastic deformation to plastic deformation as the deformation of the column turns to frictional energy, as shown in Figure 14. Based on the principle of structural mechanics, it is assumed that the stress and deformation of beam AB and column AC are shown in Figure 9 and Figure 11. For column AC, beam AB is equivalent to installing a rotating torsion spring at both ends of column AC, as shown in Figure 11 . According to the principle of superposition, the structural system is subjected to horizontal loads F 1 , F 2 and vertical uniformly distributed load q.
当只作用水平荷载时，抗扭弹簧转动刚度为：When only the horizontal load is applied, the rotational stiffness of the torsional spring is:
由柱AC的弯矩平衡方程和几何边界条件可得：From the moment balance equation and geometric boundary conditions of column AC, we can get:
此时梁AB在水平荷载作用下的端部旋转角度为θ2；At this time, the end rotation angle of beam AB under horizontal load is θ 2 ;
式中，m1、m2为抗扭弹簧转动刚度；iAB iCD为梁的线刚度；iAC iCI为柱的线刚度；θ1θ2为柱端转角；E为弹性模量；IAC为柱的截面惯性矩；V为柱端剪力；h1为柱的高度。In the formula, m 1 and m 2 are the rotational stiffness of the torsional spring; i AB i CD is the linear stiffness of the beam; i AC i CI is the linear stiffness of the column; θ 1 and θ 2 are the rotation angles of the column end; E is the elastic modulus; I AC is the section moment of inertia of the column; V is the shear force at the end of the column; h 1 is the height of the column.
当结构体系只作用竖向均布荷载时，梁端弯矩MAB＝iAB·θ′，则θAB＝θ1+θ′为梁AC的旋转角(忽略AE段角度变化)，如图10。When the structural system only acts on the vertical uniform load, the beam end bending moment M AB = i AB · θ', then θ AB = θ 1 + θ' is the rotation angle of the beam AC (ignoring the angle change of the AE section), as shown in the figure 10.
当旋转角度大于塑性铰E发生旋转的极限角度[θ]，新型“摩擦塑性铰”发生塑性形变，限位螺栓6被剪短，构造绕加载转动螺栓5旋转，承压摩擦接触面间发生相对滑动，如图12所示。When the rotation angle is greater than the rotation limit angle [θ] of the plastic hinge E, the new "friction plastic hinge" undergoes plastic deformation, the limit bolt 6 is shortened, the structure rotates around the loaded rotating bolt 5, and the pressure-bearing friction contact surfaces are opposed. Slide, as shown in Figure 12.
当新型摩擦“塑性铰”构造旋转角度为θ，且θ≥[θ]，其耗能为：When the rotation angle of the new friction "plastic hinge" structure is θ, and θ≥[θ], its energy consumption is:
对于旋转加载螺栓通过扭矩拧紧法用扭矩扳手显示的扭矩值来控制连接板之间的预紧力。For rotationally loaded bolts, use the torque value displayed by the torque wrench to control the pre-tightening force between the connecting plates by the torque tightening method.
拧紧螺栓时的拧紧力矩：M＝KtFdTightening torque when tightening bolts: M=K t Fd
预紧力：F＝M/(K_t d)Preload: F＝M/(K_t d)
式中，F为预紧力，M为拧紧力矩，Kt为计算系数，d为加载旋转螺栓直径；In the formula, F is the pretightening force, M is the tightening torque, K t is the calculation coefficient, and d is the diameter of the loaded rotating bolt;
双摩擦片连接板表面力：P＝F/ASurface force of double friction plate connecting plate: P=F/A
连接板之间的摩擦力为： The friction force between the connecting plates is:
式中，A为双摩擦片连接板的作用面积，μ为摩擦材料的摩擦系数，dr、dθ分别为连接板半径和转角的积分变量；In the formula, A is the action area of the double-friction plate connecting plate, μ is the friction coefficient of the friction material, d r and d θ are the integral variables of the radius and rotation angle of the connecting plate, respectively;
摩擦耗能： Friction energy consumption:
同理，对于梁CD，θCD＝θ2+θ’，摩擦耗能：式中，MAB为梁端弯矩，θ为塑性铰转角，θCDθ2θ′为梁端转角，r为塑性铰构造旋转半径，n为摩擦面的面数，Mf为摩擦耗能量。Similarly, for beam CD, θ CD ＝θ 2 +θ', frictional energy loss: In the formula, M AB is the beam end bending moment, θ is the plastic hinge rotation angle, θ CD θ 2 θ′ is the beam end rotation angle, r is the rotation radius of the plastic hinge structure, n is the number of friction surfaces, and M f is the friction energy consumption .
本发明工作时，当发生小震及中震时，本发明的塑性铰区域可看作刚性节点。而发生大震时，由于限位螺栓6被剪断，转动单元(第二型钢梁1-2、圆弧形封板2、转动单连接板10、橡胶摩擦材料3)和基础单元(限位条4、圆管型封板8、第一型钢梁1-1)及双摩擦片连接板7以加载旋转螺栓5为轴，发生相对转动，通过加载旋转螺栓5的拧紧沿螺栓轴对内产生加载力，转动单连接板10与双摩擦片连接板7发生转动摩擦耗能，此时结构为半刚性连接，结构体系状态如图13和图14所示。震后无需修复，或只需更换摩擦材料或及限位螺栓。When the present invention works, when small earthquakes and moderate earthquakes occur, the plastic hinge area of the present invention can be regarded as a rigid node. And when a big earthquake took place, because the limit bolt 6 was cut off, the rotating unit (the second steel beam 1-2, arc-shaped sealing plate 2, rotating single connecting plate 10, rubber friction material 3) and the base unit (limiting Article 4, round tube type sealing plate 8, first type steel beam 1-1) and double friction plate connecting plate 7 take the loading rotating bolt 5 as the axis, and relative rotation occurs, and through the tightening of the loading rotating bolt 5, they are aligned inward along the bolt axis Loading force is generated, and the rotating single connecting plate 10 and the double-friction plate connecting plate 7 generate rotational friction energy consumption. At this time, the structure is a semi-rigid connection, and the state of the structural system is shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 . After the earthquake, there is no need to repair, or only need to replace the friction material or the limit bolt.
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| CN111441241B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2025-02-14 | 南昌大学 | A bridge seismic damper structure with rotational friction energy dissipation |
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