CN104577681A - Axial cone, optical resonator and laser device - Google Patents
Axial cone, optical resonator and laser device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104577681A CN104577681A CN201310484988.9A CN201310484988A CN104577681A CN 104577681 A CN104577681 A CN 104577681A CN 201310484988 A CN201310484988 A CN 201310484988A CN 104577681 A CN104577681 A CN 104577681A
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 206010003084 Areflexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of optics, provides an axial cone and particularly relates to a conical crystalline axial cone. The axial cone comprises a conical surface and a bottom surface, wherein an included angle between the conical surface and the bottom surface is a Brewster angle, and the bottom surface is plated with an optical film which can reflect light penetrating through the conical surface at the Brewster angle and entering the axial cone. When the light penetrates through the conical surface of the axial cone at the Brewster angle, a part of vertical components are lost during reflection, all parallel components are transmitted, and the optical film on the bottom surface of the axis cone can prevent the parallel components from being lost. Therefore, after the light penetrates through the axial cone, the loss of the vertical components is much more than that of the parallel components, the light repeatedly oscillates back and forth in a resonant cavity and then penetrates through the axial cone, finally the vertical components are all lost, gains of the parallel components are amplified, and radial polarization laser is output. The axial cone achieves selection of the parallel components in a simple structure to generate the radial polarization laser, and is higher in feasibility, lower in cost and suitable for being widely used for equipment capable of generating radial polarization laser.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical technical field, particularly a kind of axial cone body, optical resonator and laser.
Background technology
Polarization is one of essential characteristic of light, common polarised light has linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light, circularly polarized light and radial polarisation light, because radial polarisation light has perfect axial symmetry distribution character, it is compared with linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light a lot of significantly different characteristic.As radial polarisation light has the beam arrangement of the annular along the axisymmetric Electric Field Distribution of light and hollow; Radial polarisation light can produce when high numerical lens focuses on the minimum focal spot surmounting diffraction limit, and less than the focal beam spot of linear polarization, circular polarization, elliptical polarization is many, and the longitudinal electric field of focus area become very strong; Radial polarisation light only has horizontal magnetic field and the electric field along axle longitudinal direction; Radial polarisation is eigenstate of polarization only, when propagating in the tangential crystal of C, crosstalk can not occur.In recent years, these characteristics of radial polarisation light obtain a lot of application.As accelerated in guiding and seizure particle, particle, improving in microscopical resolution, Metal Cutting and raising storage density etc., along with people are to the understanding deepened continuously of radial polarised light, it will be applied in increasing field.
First beam diameter is obtained by experiment in 1972 by the Y.Mushiake of Japan to polarised light in the world; Domestic first beam diameter is that the optical component utilizing four pieces of fan-shaped half slides to glue together by the Zhuan Jiejia of Institute of High Energy Physcis, Academia Sinica produces to polarised light.Over nearly 10 years, scientific research personnel finds various effective method one after another to produce radial polarisation light.The production method of radial polarisation light divides two classes, i.e. method and chamber external schema conversion method in chamber.Having of radial polarisation light is produced: the people such as Jianlang Li produce radial polarisation light with dual circular shaft prism in fiber laser by intra-cavitary methodology; The people such as Inon Moshe adopt the mode of the bifocal position of thermic being placed aperture in laser cavity to select the pattern of polarization; The people such as Ram Oron produce radial polarisation light with discontinuous phase element in laser cavity; The people such as A.V.Nesterov place in chamber has axial polarization selectivity sub-wavelength diffraction to produce radial polarisation light.
Above-mentionedly carry out improvement and design in chamber to existing laser and produce a radial polarisation only complicated engineering, for engineers and technicians, more feasible method is that to use certain optics to carry out outward in laser cavity External reforming.The people such as I.J.Cooper, S.Quabis utilize 4 blocks of fan-shaped half-wave plates to form a circular light device to produce approximate radial polarisation light; The people such as G.Machavariani then utilize 8 fast half-wave plates to improve, and produce and are tending towards perfect radial polarisation light; The people such as C.Steve utilize interferometer coherent superposition two to restraint the orthogonal linearly polarized light in polarization direction to produce radial polarisation light; M.Stalder utilizes twisted nematic liquid crystal polarization converter to produce radial polarisation light.The method of above-mentioned generation radial polarisation light is still more complicated, and cost is also higher, and the present invention will provide the scheme of generation radial polarisation light that is effectively another kind of and that easily implement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of axial cone body simple for structure, for producing radial polarisation light in laserresonator.
The present invention realizes like this, a kind of axial cone body, for cone shape crystal axis cone, comprise the conical surface and bottom surface, angle between the described conical surface and bottom surface is Brewster angle, and described bottom surface is coated with can to the blooming entering the light in described axial cone body with the conical surface described in Brewster angle incidence and reflect.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laserresonator, comprise laser output mirror and described axial cone body, the bottom surface of described axial cone body is parallel with described laser output mirror, and described laser output mirror and described axial cone body form Fabry Perot resonator.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser, comprises described laserresonator.
The invention provides the crystal axis cone that base angle (angle between the conical surface and bottom surface) is Brewster angle, when light is with the conical surface of the incident axial cone body of Brewster angle (being namely parallel to axis), its vertical component falls a part by reflection loss, parallel component is all transmissions then, simultaneously, the bottom surface of axial cone body is coated with the blooming that birefringence light carries out reflecting, to prevent parallel component transmission loss, and then, light is after axial cone body, the loss of vertical component is much larger than parallel component, light in resonant cavity oscillate repeatedly through axial cone body, vertical component is finally made to lose totally, parallel component obtains gain and amplifies, after its gain is greater than cavity loss and exceedes the threshold value of laser generation, optical resonator outputting radial polarization laser.This axial cone body achieves the selection of parallel component to produce radial polarisation light with succinct structure, stronger for exploitativeness the engineers and technicians of this area, cost is lower, is applicable to being widely used in the equipment producing radial polarisation light.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the axial cone body that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the index path of the incident Nd:YAG dielectric surface of light that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the propagation path schematic diagram () of light in axial cone inside and outside that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 4 is the propagation path schematic diagram (two) of light in axial cone inside and outside that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 5 is the change curve of light that the embodiment of the present invention provides reflectivity when entering Nd:YAG from air with incidence angle;
Fig. 6 is the change curve of light that the embodiment of the present invention provides transmissivity when entering Nd:YAG from air with incidence angle;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation () of the laserresonator that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation (two) of the laserresonator that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail:
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the axial cone body that the embodiment of the present invention provides, Fig. 2 shows the index path of the incident Nd:YAG dielectric surface of light, Fig. 3,4 shows the propagation path schematic diagram of light in axial cone inside and outside, for convenience of explanation, illustrate only part related to the present embodiment.
The axial cone body 1 that the embodiment of the present invention provides is a kind of cone shape crystal axis cone, this crystal axis cone can be laser gain crystal or non-gain crystal, the selection of parallel component can be carried out to incident light, and then form radial polarisation light, below provide concrete implementation: as Fig. 1, this axial cone body 1 is formed by yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) crystal or neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) crystal pro cessing, the shape of axial cone body 1 be isosceles triangle with its axis for axle rotate a circle and formed coniform, it comprises bottom surface 11 and the conical surface 12, lose in the process through axial cone body 1 to make the vertical component of incident light, the base angle θ of this axial cone body 1 is designed to Brewster angle by the present embodiment, should " base angle " be the angle between bottom surface 11 and the conical surface 12, that is the angle between the straight line L perpendicular to the conical surface 12 and bottom surface 11 intersection to draw from the summit O of axial cone body 1 and bottom surface 11, composition graphs 3, when light is with Brewster angle θ
bwhen inciding dielectric surface, vertical component S is only had in reverberation, and the whole transmission of parallel component P, transmitted light comprises vertical component S and parallel component P, sections transverse component S loss because of reflection, parallel component P is then loss-free enters axial cone body, and this parallel component P is the necessary condition forming radial polarisation light.Therefore, when light incides this axial cone body 1, the photon of vertical component S can be separated by reflection, the photon of parallel component P then enters optical resonator, is caused the vibration of parallel component photon by gain media, final generation radial polarisation laser.
Further combined with S in Fig. 2, figure
(i)for incident light, S
(r)for reverberation, S
(t)for transmitted light, the material of axial cone body 1 is YAG or Nd:YAG, the refractive index of YAG and Nd:YAG is very close, and all by 1.82, the light drawn according to Fei Nier formula enters YAG or Nd:YAG medium from air, and that refraction and the transmissivity of reflex time and the formula of reflectivity occur is as follows:
R
∥+T
∥=1 （3）
R
⊥+T
⊥=1 （4）
Wherein, T
∥for the transmissivity of parallel component, T
⊥for the transmissivity of vertical component, R
∥for the reflectivity of parallel component, R
⊥for the reflectivity of vertical component, θ
ifor the incidence angle of the incident axial cone surface of light, θ
tfor anaclasis enters the refraction angle of axial cone body.
According to above-mentioned formula, work as incidence angle θ
iwhen=61.2134 °, the reflectivity R of parallel component
∥=0, the transmissivity T of parallel component
∥=1, only have vertical component in reverberation, there is no parallel component, θ
i=61.2134 ° are Brewster angle θ
b.As Fig. 5,6, respectively illustrate reflectivity when light enters Nd:YAG from air with the change curve of incidence angle and the transmissivity change curve with incidence angle.From foregoing and accompanying drawing 3, when light is with Brewster angle θ
bduring by air incidence axial cone body 1, the surface of axial cone body 1 can occur the reflection and transmission phenomenon of photon, reverberation is all made up of vertical component S photon, and the photon of sections transverse component S and the photon of parallel component P then enter axial cone body 1 by transmission from air.
Further combined with the index path shown in Fig. 4, this figure is with the propagation path of axial cone body 1 one longitudinal section for illustration meaning light.For convenience of explanation, the first half of the conical surface 12 in Fig. 4 is called first conical surface 121, the latter half is called second conical surface 122, light is with Brewster angle θ
binject first conical surface 121 of axial cone body 1, first conical surface 121 occurs reflection and refraction, vertical component photon is only had in reverberation, calculate according to formula (1), (2), (3), (4), the reflectivity of vertical component is 0.2875, and transmissivity is 0.7125, and the reflectivity of parallel component is 0, transmissivity is 1, and parallel component areflexia is lost; Sections transverse component and whole parallel component enter axial cone body 1, and reflection and refraction is there is in the bottom surface 11 of axial cone body 1, the reflectivity of vertical component is 0.5645, and the reflectivity of parallel component is 0.1298, the transmissivity of vertical component is 0.4355, and the transmissivity of parallel component is 0.8702; Reverberation directive second conical surface 122, on second conical surface 122, the whole transmission of parallel component.Be appreciated that light also can be incident from second conical surface 122, from the first conical surface 121 outgoing, its propagation path and corresponding transmissivity same with reflectivity data applicable.As can be seen here, light is often through an axial cone body 1, its vertical component all can lose 28.75% at the first conical surface 121 place, and parallel component can not lose at the first conical surface 121 place, second conical surface 122 is also like this, but on bottom surface 11, the loss that parallel component produces because of transmission is up to 87.02%, far above the loss of vertical component, therefore, to parallel component be separated for generation of radial polarisation light, also need to eliminate the loss of parallel component on bottom surface 11, make light at every turn through axial cone body 1, vertical component of its loss is all greater than or much larger than the loss of parallel component.
In order to solve the transmission loss of parallel component on bottom surface 11, the present embodiment plates blooming 13 on bottom surface 11, for reflecting the light from first conical surface 121, as Fig. 4.According to the incidence angle (θ of light
i=Brewster angle=61.2134 °), the base angle (θ=Brewster angle θ of axial cone body 1
b=61.2134 °) and the refractive index (1.82) of axial cone body 1 calculate: light in axial cone body 1 with θ
1=32.4268 ° are incident to bottom surface 11, in addition, the wavelength that YAG or Nd:YAG axial cone body produces radial polarisation laser is 1064nm, therefore, the blooming that the light that on bottom surface 11, the blooming 13 of plating is can be 32.4268 ° ± 2 ' (preferably 32.4268 °) to incidence angle, wavelength is 1064nm reflects.
In laserresonator, oscillate in the Fabry Perot resonator that light is formed at laser output mirror 2 and axial cone body 1, at every turn when axial cone body 1, vertical component just loses a part, parallel component is free of losses then, finally only has parallel component oscillate in resonant cavity to form laser.When the material of axial cone body 1 is when undoping the YAG crystal of Nd, gain media 3 is typically provided with in laserresonator, namely adulterate the YAG crystal of Nd, now adopt the mode of side pumping at gain media profile pump, therefore blooming 13 adopt to incidence angle be 32.4268 ° ± 2 ' (preferably 32.4268 °), wavelength be 1064nm light reflection high-reflecting film.
When the material of axial cone body 1 is Nd:YAG crystal, Nd:YAG has gain effect, therefore it can simultaneously as speculum and gain media, separately gain media can not be established in resonant cavity, now need the mode adopting end pumping, in bottom center's point place's pumping of axial cone body 1, now, it can be 32.4268 ° ± 2 ' (preferably 32.4268 °) to incidence angle that blooming 13 is not only wanted, wavelength is that the light of 1064nm reflects, also wanting can transmission pump light, such as, when adopting 808nm laser diode to carry out end pump, this blooming 13 adopts the Transmission light to 808nm, be 32.4268 ° ± 2 ' (preferably 32.4268 °) to incidence angle, wavelength is the blooming of the light reflection of 1064nm.
Embodiments provide the axial cone body that base angle θ is Brewster angle, when light is with Brewster angle incidence axial cone body 1, on its plane of incidence, vertical component falls a part by reflection loss, parallel component is all transmissions then, and, blooming 13 is plated in the bottom surface 11 of axial cone body 1, can prevent parallel component from losing, light in resonant cavity oscillate repeatedly through axial cone body, vertical component is finally made to lose totally, parallel component obtains gain and amplifies, after its gain is greater than cavity loss and exceedes the threshold value of laser generation, optical resonator outputting radial polarization laser.This axial cone body structure is succinct, effectively can select parallel component to produce radial polarisation light, and stronger for exploitativeness the engineers and technicians of this area, cost is lower, is applicable to being widely used in the equipment of generation radial polarisation light.
Be appreciated that, this axial cone body can also adopt the crystal of other materials, as mixed the YAG crystal of Yb, according to above-mentioned design principle, its base angle is designed to Brewster angle, and according to the suitable blooming of the selection of transmission paths of light in axial cone body, vibration in the chamber that can realize parallel component, concrete computational process the present embodiment repeats no more.
The present invention further provides a kind of laserresonator, it comprises laser output mirror 2 and above-mentioned axial cone body 1, and laser output mirror 2 is parallel with the bottom surface of axial cone body 1, and this axial cone body 1 forms Fabry Perot resonator with laser output mirror 2.As Fig. 7, when the material of axial cone body 1 is non-gain crystal (as plain YAG crystal), between axial cone body 1 and laser output mirror 2, be also provided with gain media 3(as Nd:YAG gain media), and in the profile pump of gain media 3.
As Fig. 8, when the material of axial cone body 1 is gain crystal (as Nd:YAG crystal), can not establish gain media between axial cone body 1 and laser output mirror 2, axial cone body 1 is own as speculum and gain media, now in the end pumping of axial cone body 1.Certainly, also gain media 3 can be set between axial cone body 1 and laser output mirror 2, now simultaneously in the end pumping of the side of gain media 3 and axial cone body 1.
Above-mentioned laserresonator carries out the selection of parallel component by axial cone body and amplifies with outputting radial polarization laser by oscillate, and novelty simple for structure, exploitativeness is good.Be appreciated that the laser comprising this laserresonator is also in protection scope of the present invention.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an axial cone body, it is characterized in that, be cone shape crystal axis cone, comprise the conical surface and bottom surface, angle between the described conical surface and bottom surface is Brewster angle, and described bottom surface is coated with can to the blooming entering the light in described axial cone body with the conical surface described in Brewster angle incidence and reflect.
2. axial cone body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described crystal axis cone is YAG or Nd:YAG axial cone body.
3. axial cone body as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when described crystal axis cone is YAG axial cone body, described blooming be to wavelength be 1064nm, incidence angle be 32.4268 ° ± 2 ' the blooming that reflects of light.
4. axial cone body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, when described axial cone body is Nd:YAG axial cone body, described blooming be to wavelength be 1064nm, incidence angle be 32.4268 ° ± 2 ' light reflect, and the blooming of transmission is carried out to the pump light through the incidence of described bottom surface.
5. a laserresonator, it is characterized in that, comprise laser output mirror and the axial cone body described in any one of Claims 1-4, the bottom surface of described axial cone body is parallel with described laser output mirror, and described laser output mirror and described axial cone body form Fabry Perot resonator.
6. laserresonator as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when described axial cone body is non-gain crystal axis cone, described laserresonator also comprises the gain media be located between described axial cone body and described laser output mirror.
7. laserresonator as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described non-gain crystal axis cone is YAG axial cone body, and described gain media is Nd:YAG crystal.
8. a laser, is characterized in that, comprises the laserresonator described in any one of claim 5 ~ 7.
9. laser as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, when the axial cone body in described laserresonator is non-gain crystal axis cone, be provided with pumping source in the side of described gain media.
10. laser as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, when the axial cone body in described laserresonator is gain crystal axis cone, be provided with pumping source in the place of bottom center of described axial cone body.
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| CN201310484988.9A CN104577681A (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2013-10-16 | Axial cone, optical resonator and laser device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310484988.9A CN104577681A (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2013-10-16 | Axial cone, optical resonator and laser device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105024271A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 上海理工大学 | Optical pumping vector light beam solid laser |
| CN105024268A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 上海理工大学 | Vector light beam generation device based on dye gain |
| CN105024264A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 上海理工大学 | Vector light field output laser |
| CN112152060A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-29 | 电子科技大学 | Photonic crystal microlaser resonator based on Brewster angle |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660779A (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1972-05-02 | American Optical Corp | Athermalization of laser rods |
| US5359622A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-25 | Trw Inc. | Radial polarization laser resonator |
| CN101552425A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-10-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Lasers that output radially polarized beams |
-
2013
- 2013-10-16 CN CN201310484988.9A patent/CN104577681A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660779A (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1972-05-02 | American Optical Corp | Athermalization of laser rods |
| US5359622A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-25 | Trw Inc. | Radial polarization laser resonator |
| CN101552425A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-10-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Lasers that output radially polarized beams |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| YUICHI KOZAWA ET AL.: "Generation of a radially polarized laser beam by use of a conical Brewster prism", 《OPTICS LETTERS》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105024271A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 上海理工大学 | Optical pumping vector light beam solid laser |
| CN105024268A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 上海理工大学 | Vector light beam generation device based on dye gain |
| CN105024264A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-11-04 | 上海理工大学 | Vector light field output laser |
| CN112152060A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-29 | 电子科技大学 | Photonic crystal microlaser resonator based on Brewster angle |
| CN112152060B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-06-07 | 电子科技大学 | Photonic crystal micro laser resonant cavity based on Brewster angle |
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Application publication date: 20150429 |