CN103661183B - A kind of automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part and production method thereof.Described energy absorbing member is round tubular parts, including the first aramid fiber layer from the inside to the outside, carbon fiber layer, the second aramid fiber layer.Production method is: is wound around on core successively and has infiltrated the aramid fiber of substrate, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, forms the first aramid fiber layer, carbon fiber layer, the second aramid fiber layer respectively；Core is sloughed after being solidified by the energy absorbing member twined.The present invention meets automobile light weight and the demand for development of safety, and process route is reasonable, treatment technology and method is with low cost, cost performance is high, security performance is good, meets automobile low energy consumption, oligosaprobic developing direction, has complied with the development trend of energy-saving and emission-reduction, environmental protection.

Description

A hybrid composite material energy absorbing component for vehicles and its production method

technical field

The invention relates to an energy absorbing component for automobiles, in particular to a carbon fiber and aramid fiber hybrid reinforced three-dimensional structure energy absorbing component.

Background technique

According to official statistics, since the late 1980s, China has ranked first in the world in the number of road traffic accidents, the number of deaths, and the death rate per 10,000 vehicles. In 2009, China's car ownership accounted for about 3% of the world's total, while the number of traffic accident deaths accounted for 16%. It is imminent to improve the safety of transportation vehicles.

There are currently two types of components in vehicles for occupant protection during collisions: highly rigid frames and cushioning high energy absorbing components. High-rigidity materials, such as bumpers and body frames, mainly provide sufficient physical safety space for the occupants in the event of a vehicle collision, so they require strong rigidity and small deformation, but the ability to absorb external impact energy is low and cannot reduce the impact of external impact forces on occupant's injury; on the other hand, the high-energy absorbing materials used for buffering, such as placing a set of tubular energy absorbing parts between the bumper and the front side beam of the vehicle, can effectively absorb through the deformation of the components and their own destruction The energy of the impact not only reduces the impact on the high-rigidity car body, but also slows down the excessive increase of the deceleration, reducing the physiological damage to the occupants of the collision.

As shown in Figure 1-2, a group of metal energy-absorbing boxes 2 are usually installed on the rear side of the vehicle's front bumper 1 as energy absorbing components. During the collision process, the impact energy can be effectively absorbed to fully protect the life safety of passengers. However, ordinary metal materials are usually heavy in themselves, mainly relying on the plastic deformation of metal materials to absorb energy. Low, can not meet the development trend of automobile lightweight, low energy consumption and high safety.

Carbon fiber has the characteristics of high modulus and high strength. At the same time, the elongation of aramid fiber at break is as high as 2.5-3%. By rationally designing the structure of the composite material to reduce the extension of the central crack, it can achieve the purpose of high bending and multi-fiber fracture damage. Maximize the absorption of destructive energy, delay the impact speed, and reduce the harm to the passengers on the vehicle.

Composite material refers to a material system formed by complex spatial combination of two or more materials with different physical and chemical properties at different structural levels such as microscopic, mesoscopic or macroscopic. Through structural design and optimization in different sizes and levels, new materials with performance and functions far exceeding those of their single components can be obtained. At present, composite materials are widely used in aviation, aerospace, weapons, ships and other fields. application. But there is no relevant patent or report as the application of automobile energy-absorbing components.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of unsatisfactory energy absorption performance, heavy quality, and failure to meet the requirements of safety, light weight, energy saving and environmental protection of the existing metal energy absorbing parts for vehicles.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a hybrid composite material energy absorbing component for vehicles, which is characterized in that the energy absorbing component is a circular tubular component, including a first aramid fiber layer from the inside to the outside, Carbon fiber layer, second aramid fiber layer.

Preferably, the first aramid fiber layer and the second aramid fiber layer are reinforced with aramid fiber, epoxy resin, phenolic resin or unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix; the carbon fiber layer is made of carbon fiber The reinforcing body is based on epoxy resin, phenolic resin or unsaturated polyester resin, and the first aramid fiber layer, the carbon fiber layer and the second aramid fiber layer use the same matrix.

Preferably, the thickness ratio of the first aramid fiber layer, the carbon fiber layer, and the second aramid fiber layer is 1:10:2.5; the ratio of the tube wall thickness to the inner tube diameter of the energy absorbing component is 1:22.

The hybrid energy absorbing component for vehicles provided by the present invention can also use basalt fiber layers, carbon fiber layers, and glass fiber layers to replace the first aramid fiber layer and the second aramid fiber layer, or/and use basalt fiber layers, The glass fiber layer replaces the carbon fiber layer; the materials of the first aramid fiber layer and the second aramid fiber layer are the same, and are different from those of the carbon fiber layer.

The present invention also provides a production method for the above-mentioned vehicle-used hybrid composite energy absorbing component, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step 1): soaking the aramid fiber and carbon fiber into the matrix for later use;

Step 2): Winding the aramid fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber prepared in step 1) on the mandrel in sequence to form the first aramid fiber layer, carbon fiber layer, and second aramid fiber layer respectively to make a hybrid composite material energy absorbing components;

Step 3): The hybrid composite energy absorbing part prepared in step 2) is cured and then the mandrel is removed.

Preferably, the winding method of step 1) is as follows: the axial direction of the tube axis of the mandrel is 0°, the winding angle of the aramid fiber is 75°-90°, and the winding angle of the carbon fiber is 5°-20°.

Further, the winding method of step 1) is as follows: the axial direction of the tube axis of the mandrel is 0°, the winding angle of the aramid fiber is 88°, and the winding angle of the carbon fiber is 17.6°.

Preferably, the thickness ratio of the first aramid fiber layer, the carbon fiber layer, and the second aramid fiber layer in step 1) is 1:10:2.5; the ratio of the tube wall thickness of the energy absorbing component to the inner tube diameter It is 1:22.

Preferably, the specific method of curing in step 3) is: curing for 24 hours at a temperature of 20±2° C. and a relative humidity of 65±5%.

The present invention uses complementary reinforcing fibers as reinforcements. Carbon fibers have the characteristics of high strength and high modulus. When carbon fibers break, high energy absorption can be achieved. Although the compression performance of aramid fibers is significantly worse than the tensile performance, the elongation at break As high as 2.5-3%, the three-layer spaced complementary winding structure is used to make the aramid fiber compress in the 0° direction during the compression process and convert it into stretch in the 90° direction, while limiting the deformation of the carbon fiber and the central crack inside the composite material The expansion of the fiber greatly increases the number of fiber breaks, thereby absorbing a greater amount of energy. The winding molding process is directly winding and forming the fibers without going through processes such as warp and weft interweaving and weaving, which can greatly reduce the damage to the fibers during the manufacturing process and improve the performance of the fibers.

The energy absorption mechanism of the composite material provided by the present invention is different from the absorption mechanism of traditional metal energy absorption parts. Traditional metal materials mainly rely on their plastic deformation to absorb energy, and the load drops rapidly and greatly after reaching the maximum value, and its energy absorption The amount is low; the present invention is a tubular composite material, which absorbs energy mainly by fiber breakage, bending, deformation, delamination, etc., and its load drops slightly after reaching the maximum value and maintains a stable load. This feature can further reduce the damage of external shocks to the car body behind the energy-absorbing component and the occupants in the car body, that is, the high-frequency repeated impact with a certain range can reduce the damage to the occupants.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the upper front bumper of the automobile;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram when the energy-absorbing box of existing metal material is used;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle hybrid composite energy absorbing component provided by the present invention when in use;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the energy absorbing component of hybrid composite material for vehicles provided by the present invention.

detailed description

In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with accompanying drawings.

Example

1. Raw material

Epoxy resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 308A3801); aramid fiber; carbon fiber.

2. Production method

2.1 soak the aramid fiber and carbon fiber into the epoxy resin matrix for later use;

2.2 Wrap the aramid fibers, carbon fibers, and aramid fibers prepared in step 2.1 on the mandrel in sequence to form the first aramid fiber layer 4, the carbon fiber layer 5, and the second aramid fiber layer 6 respectively to form a hybrid composite energy Absorbing part 2'; with the axial direction of the tube axis of the mandrel as 0°, the winding angle of the aramid fiber is controlled to be 88°, and the winding angle of the carbon fiber is 17.6°; when winding, the first aramid fiber layer 4 and the carbon fiber layer 5 , The thickness ratio of the second aramid fiber layer 6 is 1:10:2.5; the ratio of the tube wall thickness to the inner tube diameter of the energy absorbing component 2' is 1:22.

2.3 The hybrid composite energy absorbing part 2' prepared in step 2.2 is cured for 24 hours at a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 65%, and then the mandrel is removed.

3. Performance testing

Compare the hybrid composite energy absorbing part 2' prepared by the above method with the energy absorbing box 2 made of traditional metal material aluminum for quasi-static compression tests. The test uses an electronic universal testing machine model WDW3100, and the compression speed is: 5mm/min . The comparison results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

It can be seen from Table 1 that the hybrid composite material energy absorbing part 2' prepared in the embodiment is made of carbon/aramid fiber hybrid composite material, and its specific energy absorption value is as high as 100kJ/kg, which is higher than that of the existing aluminum energy absorbing box 2. The energy absorption performance is more than twice; that is, under the premise of absorbing the same energy, the weight of the carbon/aramid fiber hybrid composite material required is less than half of the required metal aluminum material. It can be seen that, while the present invention satisfies the light weight and safe development requirements of automobiles, the process route is reasonable, the processing technology and method are low in cost, cost-effective, and have good safety performance, which is in line with the development direction of automobiles with low energy consumption and low pollution, and is also extremely It conforms to the development trend of energy saving, emission reduction and green environmental protection.

4. Install using

As shown in Figure 3, the installation position of the energy absorbing component 2' of hybrid composite material is the same as that of the energy absorbing box 2 made of metal, it is installed between the front bumper 1 and the front longitudinal beam 3, and can be installed on the front longitudinal beam 3 Install a metal cylinder with the same shape as the mandrel, put the hybrid composite energy absorbing part 2' on the metal cylinder, or use other existing connection methods to install the hybrid composite energy absorbing part 2' on the front fuse Between bar 1 and front side member 3.

Claims (8)

1. an automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part, it is characterised in that described energy absorbing member (2 ') is circle Shape tubular part, including the first aramid fiber layer (4) from the inside to the outside, carbon fiber layer (5), the second aramid fiber layer (6)；Described First aramid fiber layer (4), carbon fiber layer (5), the second aramid fiber layer (6) thickness than for 1:10:2.5；Described energy is inhaled Receive pipe thickness and the diameter of inner pipe of parts (2 ') ratio for 1:22；The system of described automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part Standby step is:

Step 1): by aramid fiber, carbon fiber infiltration substrate standby；

Step 2): winding step 1 on core successively) prepare aramid fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, form first respectively Aramid fiber layer, carbon fiber layer, the second aramid fiber layer, make hybrid composite energy absorbing part；The method being wound around For: being axially 0 ° with the pipe axle of mandrel, the winding angle of aramid fiber is 75 °～90 °, the winding angle of carbon fiber be 5 °～ 20°；

Step 3): by step 2) prepare hybrid composite energy absorbing part solidification after slough core.

Automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described first aramid fiber Fibrous layer (4), the second aramid fiber layer (6) are with aramid fiber as reinforcement, epoxy resin, phenolic resin or unsaturated polyester Ester resin is substrate；Described carbon fiber layer (5) is with carbon fiber as reinforcement, epoxy resin, phenolic resin or unsaturated polyester Ester resin is substrate, and the substrate that the first aramid fiber layer (4), carbon fiber layer (5), the second aramid fiber layer (6) use is identical.

3. the automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part described in claim 1, it is characterised in that use basalt fibre Layer, carbon fiber layer, glass layer substitute described first aramid fiber layer (4), the second aramid fiber layer (6), or/and use the Black Warrior Rock fibrous layer, glass layer substitute carbon fiber layer (5)；Substitute the first aramid fiber layer (4), the second aramid fiber layer (6) Material is identical, and different from the material substituting carbon fiber layer (5).

4. the production method of the automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part described in claim 1, it is characterised in that include Following steps:

Step 1): by aramid fiber, carbon fiber infiltration substrate standby；

Step 2): winding step 1 on core successively) prepare aramid fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, form first respectively Aramid fiber layer (4), carbon fiber layer (5), the second aramid fiber layer (6), make hybrid composite energy absorbing part (2’)；

Step 3): by step 2) prepare hybrid composite energy absorbing part (2 ') solidification after slough core.

The production method of automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that institute State step 1) method that is wound around is: being axially 0 ° with the pipe axle of mandrel, the winding angle of aramid fiber is 75 °～90 °, carbon fiber Winding angle be 5 °～20 °.

The production method of automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that institute State step 1) method that is wound around is: being axially 0 ° with the pipe axle of mandrel, the winding angle of aramid fiber is 88 °, twining of carbon fiber It it is 17.6 ° around angle.

The production method of automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that institute State step 1) in the first aramid fiber layer (4), carbon fiber layer (5), the second aramid fiber layer (6) thickness than for 1:10: 2.5；The pipe thickness of described energy absorbing member and diameter of inner pipe are than for 1:22.

The production method of automobile-used hybrid composite energy absorbing part the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that institute State step 3) in solidification method particularly includes: temperature be 20 ± 2 DEG C, relative humidity be that to solidify 24 under conditions of 65 ± 5% little Time.