CN101873900A - Method for producing seamless large-diameter pipes - Google Patents

Method for producing seamless large-diameter pipes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101873900A
CN101873900A CN200880116246A CN200880116246A CN101873900A CN 101873900 A CN101873900 A CN 101873900A CN 200880116246 A CN200880116246 A CN 200880116246A CN 200880116246 A CN200880116246 A CN 200880116246A CN 101873900 A CN101873900 A CN 101873900A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pipe
steel billet
extruding
billet
pressure
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CN200880116246A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101873900B (en
Inventor
尼古拉伊·瓦西吕耶维奇·巴契尼科
鲍里斯·阿列克萨德维奇·西里克
阿尔卡基·尼古拉耶维奇·古拉维奇
阿列可谢·格利过里耶维奇·谢尔盖
奥列格·米哈拉维奇·舒赫特
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OTKRYTOE AKTSIONERNOE OBSHESTV
Holding An Open Co Chirikov All Russian Metallurgical Machinery Manufacturing Research And Design Institute
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OTKRYTOE AKTSIONERNOE OBSHESTV
Holding An Open Co Chirikov All Russian Metallurgical Machinery Manufacturing Research And Design Institute
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Publication of CN101873900B publication Critical patent/CN101873900B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/26Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/03Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
    • B21C23/035Making products of generally elongated shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08Making wire, rods or tubes
    • B21C23/085Making tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/20Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
    • B21C23/205Making products of generally elongated shape

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to metal-forming processing, namely to producing seamless steel pipes. The inventive method involves heating a solid cylindrical billet, applying a glass-based working lubricant on said billet and an extrusion tool, carrying out the billet piecing, extruding a pipe, separating the thus produced pipe from extrusion discard and releasing the pipe from the die. The piercing and pressing operations are carried out on a vertical hydraulic pipe-extrusion press at one operational cycle thereof. The billet piecing operation is carried out by means of a press mandrel in a container and is preceded by the billet prepressing. The pipe is extruded by a direct pressing method when a metal flows through a die downwards under the action of an extrusion stem provided with a pressing disc with an elongation ratio equal to or greater than 1.4. The working lubricant contains graphite taken in a graphite/glass volume ratio of (1:4)-(1:5). The invention makes it possible to combine the billet piercing and pipe extrusion operations, to simplify the structural design for the press and to reduce the size and the mass thereof, to improve the performance of the pipe pressing process and to reduce metal waste during piercing and extrusion.

Description

Make the method for seamless large-diameter pipes
Technical field
The present invention relates to field, promptly relate to the technology of producing seamless steel pipe with the pressure treatment metal.
Background technology
The process of the most effective manufacturing seamless large-diameter pipes is based on the process of using hot-extrusion method.Compare (forging, machined, punching and stretching) with other known method, this method can be guaranteed the shape of high dimension precision and gained pipe, can make the pipe of big length, middle and high steel alloy pipe, the bimetallic pipe, coat the pipe of stainless steel layer comprising inside, can guarantee production capacity that manufacture process is high and less scrap metal.
Be that ((the vertical extruding of Avery D.HowCameron is seamless manages the metal progress at most for the technical process that diameter reaches the 1200mm steel pipe of making on 30000 tons of power and 35000 tons of vertical waterpower extruders of " К а м e р о н " company with the similar invention of the present application, 1977, volume 3No.2 52-57 page or leaf).Other similarly is the pipe (No.10 in 1988,14-17 page or leaf are made in technology and instrument // forging and pressing of compacting method manufacturing large diameter steel pipes such as С т а р и к о в B.C) that reaches 1400mm by the manufacturing diameter on 45000 tons of vertical extruders of power of later 1980-90 age soviet design.
The feature of making pipe by above-cited similar approach is that use forward extrusion method makes pipe from top discharge, utilizes flash trimmer that pipe and punching press clout are separated.In extrusion process, the pressure punch that is installed on the press bench keeps motionless, and the extruding die body moves up and down on platform.Different with technology that implement in " К а м e р о н " company and regulation use technology graphite base grease, extruding on 45000 tons of forcing presses can be carried out with its lubricating grease of highly-efficient glass of guaranteeing gained tube surface high-quality and raising compression tool intensity.This is owing to having developed with reaching (Soviet Union certificate of invention No.1274889---" instrument of pipe extruding usefulness ") behind free driving washer (not being fixed on the pressure punch) the new construction compression tools.
The critical defect of above-mentioned similar invention is: extruding must be used hollow steel billet on extruder, this shortcoming causes managing must additional large equipment in the extrusion system (forging or punching extruder) is used for preparing in advance these steel billets, and this itself not only makes building system but also make operation subsequently more expensive.
As prototype of the present invention, selected the method for the manufacturing seamless steel pipe of Russ P No.2166394.Invention similar to the above is compared, the advantage of this prototype is that it guarantees to use the steel billet of feeling at ease, this is owing to by directly reaching the steel billet punching on extruder, and, the punching press of pipe and extruding subsequently have been attached to an extruding working cycles, therefore, punching and extruding combined process have been realized.
Prototype method comprises: the heating steel billet, be coated with upper glass lubricating grease on the steel billet He on the instrument, and using extruding axle (axle) punching steel billet (in advance with pressure punch precompressed steel billet in the extruding die body) on the vertical waterpower extruder successively; With the extruding of malleation method, down discharge pipe through mould, this extruding is with implementing in movement pressure impulsion and free (unfixing) extruded gasket mould in the fixed press die body; With the special cutting-off method that is provided with on the extruder assembly, gained pipe and punching press clout are separated.
When making usually the pipe of the most widely-used specification, prototype method can guarantee obviously to reduce the capital construction investment expense of setting up pipe production division, operation consumption (electric energy when work workload and manufacturing pipe, instrument, plant maintenance etc.), help in producing the seamless steel pipe gamut, improving the share of hot-extrusion method gained pipe, create the profitable condition of building small-sized metallurgical works, and in Mechanical Manufacturing Enterprises, manufacturing workshop section in enterprise creates the special advantage of producing pipe of tissue.
But, make major diameter (400~500mm and bigger when reaching the special natural steel pipe of 1400mm using, when the pipe of high heavy wall (reaching 100mm) was arranged, some obvious characteristics of prototype method had just become the reason that critical defect takes place when making aforementioned tube with this method.
Like this, when pressing prototype method manufacturing pipe, an extruder must be arranged, this extruder is except the main drive of wanting promising depended on pressure plunger stroke extruded tube, implement independently severe duty drive and a device that cuts off the large volume of pipe punching press clout of axle impulse stroke when the initial steel billet of axle punching also will be arranged, this causes additionally increasing volume and the quality and the expenditure of construction of extruder.These situations have become the main feature of this method when obtaining large diameter pipe with prototype method.Here, appropriately it is to be noted, even by above-mentioned similar approach, being used for producing diameter from hollow steel billet is 45000 tons extruder less than the power of 1400mm pipe, there are not powerful punching system and diced system, then, (long-31.1 meters of existing huge volumes, wide-14.9 meters, high-52.7 meters).Simultaneously, the quality of whole pressurizing unit has reached 20,000 tons.When using large diameter pipe, other shortcomings of prototype method are: must directly separate pipe and extruding clout on extruder, steel billet is supported to the punching of extruding mould.This correspondingly causes in the increase of making pipe circulation timei on the extruder and cuts the increase of the scrap metal volume that axle obtains at the bottom of the saturating steel billet time.What should be mentioned that is that the quality of the initial hollow steel billet when making wall thickness 100mm diameter 14000 pipes on 45000 tons of extruders is 18 tons.
Point out these shortcomings of prototype method, should consider especially simultaneously, make the foundation and the operation thereof of the effective pipe extrusion system of major diameter hot extrusion, be related to the consumption of huge financial resources and material resources.So the pipe productive profit index that will set up and competitiveness have meaning particular importance, primary here.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to set up a method of making seamless large-diameter pipes, this method is based on the extrusion operation of steel billet punching and pipe is incorporated in working cycles of extruder, when when building extrusion system, guaranteeing to reduce capital investment consumption costs and operation by simplified structure, reduce the forcing press volume quality, improve pipe extrusion process production capacity, scrap metal reduces current expense when reducing punching and extruding.Therefore, the present invention bears the mission of eliminating all known similar approach and prototype method disadvantage.
The present application above-mentioned purpose reaches by following approach.The manufacturing large-diameter seamless that the proposes method of pipe at most comprises: heating solid cylindrical steel billet; Reach the technological lubrication fat that is coated with glass-based on the compression tool in the above; Pushing steel billet punching (compressed steel base in advance) operation of implementing with the extruding axle in the die body and the operation of pushing pipe with the malleation method a working cycles on the vertical waterpower extruder successively, and under the pressure punch effect that pressure disc is arranged, metal through mould from following discharge; Gained pipe and punching press corner are separated, from mould, deviate from pipe.At this moment, add graphite in technological lubrication fat component, the volume ratio of graphite and glass is 1: 4~1: 5.The precompressed of steel billet material is implemented with the pressure axle, and steel billet punching lengthening coefficient is not less than 1.4.Steel billet rides on the solid bearing in punch process, and drift constantly up moves with the increase of steel billet height.For punching and extruding, use the pressure disc that firmly is fixed on the drift.There is the pipe of pressing clout up to move, after mould is transformed into the position of removing product, from mould, deviates from pipe, separate the pressure clout in the forcing press outside.
The advantage of the method for recommending is:
In technological lubrication fat, added graphite with high massage character, be convenient to when removing pipe, to move the pipe that has pushed through mould, be convenient to discharge the pressure clout, and eliminate to have and fixed the danger of pushing " blocking " in the inverse process of pressure punch after extruding pipe of filling out circle from the extruding die body.
There is the steel billet punching of high deformation that the steel billet in the extruding die body is pressed without the pressure punch pine before punching, but the Yojimbo pine is pressed the numerical value that has reduced the distortion share of pushing afterwards (by reducing towards saturating steel billet wall thickness) and reduced the press machine main drive nominal force.All these might carry out punching and extruding from such transmission device, there is no need the independent severe duty drive of an axle.
When the steel billet punching, it is supported to (not being to the mould that the internal work passage is arranged) on the whole bearing and guaranteed to reduce also not thickness towards saturating steel billet bottom, the metal waste volume of what is called " punching surplus " form when therefore, having reduced the steel billet of axle punching subsequently bottom.Once rise to steel billet high growth end value in advance with pressure punch and compare, when the steel billet punching, have and press the constantly continuous lifting of pressure punch of filling out circle, guaranteed that filling out delineation heart axle with pressure in punch process has created better condition.
Use the pressure that often is fixed on the pressure punch to fill out circle, just no longer will in each extrusion cycle, deliver to it in the extruding die body, there is no need the handlebar pressure and fill out circle and the servicing unit of pressing clout to separate.
On extruder, in advance pipe is not separated with pressing clout, only take out pipe, simplified the structure of extruder, shortened the net cycle time of on extruder, making pipe by mould is up moved with its special cutting mechanics.Finishing this operation, simplified the process that receives pipe and they are stacked from extruder from extruding arbor mobile status.
The present invention is owing to there is above listed advantage, thereby guaranteed that it reaches above-mentioned final purpose.
The specific embodiment
The present invention who recommends Fig. 1 " а "-" в ", each figure on Fig. 2 (" а "-" г ") and Fig. 3 (" а "-" в ") illustrates, on these figure, show according to application-No.2007134334 that invention priority on the 17th September in 2007 is arranged, make the technical process of pipe by the new method on vertical hydraulic press with illustrated form.
This forcing press has: the frame that is provided with upper and lower transverse arm; Extruding die body fixator and fixing crossbeam that transmission device is arranged between the transverse arm.Fixed the guiding bolt of frame on each angle on the crossbeam, from travelling carriage has been installed, from having main drive, it comprises one group of working cylinder that housing that is fixed on the motionless crossbeam and the embolism that links to each other with lower cross arm are arranged.Extruding die body, axle, pressure punch and mould are formed in the extruder process tool.Axle is fixed on the Top Crossbeam of moving frame, and pressure punch is installed on the additional transverse arm between Top Crossbeam and the extruding die body, and it is equipped with relative axle movement pressure drift auxiliary drive.The bearing (closure plate) that the process tool system also has punching to use.The mould of extruding usefulness and the closure plate that punching is used are positioned at two positions of press bench.On the movable machine frame lower cross arm, be provided with from the mould release and pushed the support of pipe, and on fixed cross beam, have one to guarantee that pipe moves to the vertical channel of outflow location from the axle of forcing press.
On Fig. 1, show the steel billet punching processing step (work step) (" а "-steel billet install to the extruding die body in, the release of " б "-steel billet finishes, " в "-punching finishes), (" а "-mould moves to the forcing press axis to the work step that pushes for pipe on Fig. 2, the end of " б "-punching steel billet, dash saturating, " в "-pipe extruding beginning, the extruding of " г "-pipe finishes), on Fig. 3 for pipe from mould and the work step that takes out from forcing press (" а "-isolate the pressure surplus from the extruding die body, " б "-there is the mould of pipe to move to the position of shifting out pipe, " в "-from mould, throw off pipe and shift out pipe from forcing press.
Making pipe by inventive method is following carrying out:
In original state, the axle (1) that links to each other with hydropress frame Top Crossbeam (2), extruding die body (3) is in uppermost position in fig-ure, and it is upper and have to be fixed on and press the pressure punch (4) of filling out circle (6) to be on this transverse arm to press the state that the lower end is positioned at exit, extrusion die body running chamber that encloses of filling out to be installed in the additional transverse arm (5) of forcing press. Put punching press bearing (7) on workbench (8) in the position of pressure arbor. The solid steel billet (9) that scribbles artistic glass-graphited oil at side surface of heating is delivered to pressure arbor extruding die body and place, bearing space (Fig. 1-" а "), navigates to this bearing. Put a bit same disc lubricating grease (10) in the steel billet upper end, its diameter then, down is lowered into the bearing top to the extruding die body corresponding to the axle diameter, and at this moment, steel billet is in the extruding die body.
The punching press of beginning steel billet is transferred the downforce drift in the effect of auxiliary drive (not shown on figure) in advance on steel billet, then, under press machine main drive (not shown on the figure) effect, beginning is with the frame progress of work of axle. Beginning, axle upsetting steel billet is to the gap between disappearance steel billet side surface and the extruding die body. Steel billet shortens in the upsetting process, and at this moment, pressure punch moves down, and still fills out the circle end face with pressure and props up on steel billet. After the steel billet release (Fig. 1-" б "), axle continues to move down, be deep into steel billet, its punching, the metal that an interior cylindrical cavity of formation (Fig. 1-" в ") is at this moment extruded when the steel billet punching in steel billet is up mobile, meet the movement of axle, rely on auxiliary drive, pressure punch is simultaneously up mobile, and making room lengthens steel billet length, at steel billet punching end, stay not thick plate (bottom) in its bottom.
After the steel billet punching, be the extruding of pipe with that, for this reason, the extruding die body, axle and pressure punch up move a small distance.Workbench is delivered to the extruding arbor to the mould (11) that is installed on the extruder, the sub-upper ends of pressing mold have a hole artistic glass-graphited oil of filling out circle (12) shape (Fig. 2-" а ") extruding die body be lowered into mould, then, rely on the short stroke of axle, the end of punching steel billet, dash saturating, forms the steel billet scrap metal (Fig. 2-" б ") of " clout " form.Afterwards, be equipped with axle the frame Top Crossbeam and above the additional transverse arm of pressure punch is arranged is closed, then should be the extruding progress of work.Under the effect of press machine main drive, axle and the pressure punch that has pressure to fill out circle move down, under pressure from pressure punch one side, the metal of hollow steel billet with the form of pipe (14) be expressed into annular gap between mould and the axle (Fig. 2-. " в ").Keep equaling above-mentioned thickness when the steel billet (pressure clout) that extruding is not good that stays a part of thickness little (15) in the extruding die body on the mould with between transverse pressure drift and extruding die body upper end little apart from the time (Fig. 2, " г "), extruding finishes.
The pipe that has obtained is shifted out from forcing press in the extruding back, and axle up moves and throws off to come out from press clout.The pressure clout of extruding die body and the inside thereof is elevated to the top slightly and arrives the pressure punch transverse arm, at this moment, squeeze out (Fig. 3-" а ") with the pressure clout that holds from the extruding die body toward peaceful by the fixed pressure drift, the pipe of mould and the inside thereof by movable workbench to position that pipe shifts out, the bearing that punching is used is on the pressure arbor, pressure punch and axle up move to original state simultaneously, the extruding die body rises to position above the workbench, for in the extruding die body, next steel billet (Fig. 3-" б ") being set, after this, hydropress frame begins to move, and arrives the extreme higher position.In this moving process, the bearing (14) that is fixed on (not shown on the figure) on the frame lower cross arm affacts the lower end that squeezes out pipe, pipe is up squeezed a numerical value of a frame stroke through mould, after this, utilize overhead crane (17) pipe finally to exceed and press the clout boundary from mould, to take out (Fig. 2, " в "), at this moment, the circulation of making pipe on forcing press finishes.Utilize special-purpose cutting tool outside forcing press, pressing clout and the pipe that squeezes out to separate.
Utilize the present invention can improve the technical-economic index of making the required seamless large-diameter pipes in basic economy field significantly, comprise and produce the thick-walled pipe that many industrial plants of new generation are used with high pressure and temperature coefficient, for example, applied pipe on modern atomic energy and thermo-power station.

Claims (1)

1. a method of making seamless large-diameter pipes may further comprise the steps: heating solid cylindrical steel billet; On steel billet and compression tool, be coated with the technological lubrication fat of glass-based; The precompressed steel billet, successively on vertical waterpower extruder, the operation of in the extruding die body, carrying out the steel billet punch operation and pushing pipe with malleation with a working cycles with the extruding axle; Under the pressure punch effect that pressure disc is arranged, metal is down discharged through mould; And the gained pipe separated with pressing clout, from mould, deviate from pipe, wherein: in the component of technological lubrication fat, to add graphite with 1: 4~1: 5 volume ratio of glass, with extruding axle precompressed steel billet, punching steel billet, the punching lengthening coefficient is not less than 1.4, in the steel billet punch process, steel billet is bearing on the solid bearing, and pressure punch constantly up moves with the increase of the bad height of steel, for punching and extruding, the pressure that use is fixed on the pressure punch is filled out circle, and up moving has the pipe of pressing clout, and mould is forwarded to after the position of removing product, from mould, throw off pipe, the pressure clout is separated in the extruder outside.
CN2008801162468A 2007-11-20 2008-10-27 Method for producing seamless large-diameter pipes Expired - Fee Related CN101873900B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2007142647 2007-11-20
RU2007142647/02A RU2351422C1 (en) 2007-11-20 2007-11-20 Method of production of steel seamless pipes of major diameter
PCT/RU2008/000667 WO2009067045A1 (en) 2007-11-20 2008-10-27 Method for producing seamless large-diameter pipes

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN101873900A true CN101873900A (en) 2010-10-27
CN101873900B CN101873900B (en) 2012-06-13

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DE (1) DE112008003085T5 (en)
RU (1) RU2351422C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009067045A1 (en)

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CN103170797A (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-26 北京有色金属研究总院 Compound extrusion preparation method of large-diameter high-quality tube blank or annular blank
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CN103917308B (en) * 2011-11-01 2016-03-30 新日铁住金株式会社 The manufacture method of the plug that punching machine, punching machine use and seamless steel pipe
CN103917308A (en) * 2011-11-01 2014-07-09 新日铁住金株式会社 Boring device, plug used in boring device, and method for manufacturing steamless steel pipe
CN103170797A (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-26 北京有色金属研究总院 Compound extrusion preparation method of large-diameter high-quality tube blank or annular blank
CN103170797B (en) * 2011-12-21 2015-12-02 北京有色金属研究总院 The Compound Extrusion preparation method of a kind of major diameter high-quality pipe or ring base
CN102756011A (en) * 2012-07-10 2012-10-31 清华大学 Manufacture method of irregular pipe
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DE112008003085T5 (en) 2010-10-07
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WO2009067045A8 (en) 2010-09-16
RU2351422C1 (en) 2009-04-10

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