“Golf is about how well you accept, respond to, and score with your misses much more so than it is a game of your perfect shots.” –Bob Rotella
After reading the light novel Izumi recommended her, Minami begins to develop an interest in creating a special “finishing move” similar to the ones the heroes in her games and books use. At the local driving range, she begins to train, and the elderly gentlemen recount how as youth, they too had signature strokes. However, the three men injure themselves while showing off for Minami, prompting the ambulance to show up. The driving range’s exasperated manager explains that this happens all the time. Minami begins to work on her “Penguin Slider”, a shot with a flat trajectory that hugs the ground. Later, Ayaka introduces Minami and Haruka to a golf video game, in which teams complete virtual courses for points, and teams that rank are able to earn prizes. Intrigued, Minami and Haruka agree to participate, and they soon find that this game is diabolical, featuring holes with sand-traps where ants punt balls from holes, a highly windy course that makes it near impossible to aim straight, and a castle that shoots down any balls that gain airtime. Although this last hole seems to defeat everyone’s efforts, Minami realises her Penguin Slider shot is perfectly suited for this, and upon sinking her ball, the girls are overjoyed to learn they’ve finished the virtual tournament and placed first, earning them a sizeable cash reward. Haruka decides to spurge on a golf game with a caddie, Megumi. Megumi’s known Haruka for some time, and while helping the girls out for the day, Megumi also gives everyone advice, encouraging to play the game in the manner they’re happiest with. During the day, Megumi suggests to Ayaka that she has the disposition for being a good caddie after watching her support Minami, and she also notices that Haruka’s style of golf has matured. Towards the end of the day, Minami loses her penguin-shaped club cover, but is overjoyed when a staff member at the golf course is able to find it. Back at the driving range, Minami is disappointed to learn that her strokes are falling short again, but when she, Haruka and Ayaka receive a call from Megumi, inviting them to play together one day, she finds herself fired up once more. Later, Haruka and Minami grow worried when Ayaka stops visiting the driving range, and after two weeks pass, their worry grows to the point where they pay Ayaka a visit. It turns out that Ayaka had participated in a challenge to complete a video game without eating anything to grow her channel, but kept being destroyed by the game. Minami mops floor with the game, and helps suggest video ideas that can help Ayaka’s online presence, but becomes disheartened when everything turns out R-rated. However, talking with Haruka and Minami, Ayaka recalls she found joy in connecting to others through golf, and Haruka suggests doing something on golf etiquette, which would be both educational and refreshing. To drive up excitement, Minami also decides to have t-shirts made for the three, but designing the shirts renders her exhausted, and she accidentally ends up ordering three hundred rather than three. Although this setback causes Minami to retreat to her apartment, Minami and Haruka are on hand to help out, selling the shirts to excited fans of Ayaka’s channel. This initiative is successful, and after receiving praise from Haruka and Minami, Ayaka bursts into tears, realising that while she never had any sort of concrete dream like Haruka, she’d come to love the idea of being able to reach out to and help others.
From playing virtual golf and experiencing the joys of having a caddie, to helping Ayaka with her social media slump, Sorairo Utility has covered quite a bit of ground since its run began. Unlike a typical sports anime, where teamwork and self-improvement drive the story, and where competitions and victory are the prizes for effort and determination, Sorairo Utility‘s cute-girls-doing-cute-things approach conveys a completely different message, one which had been evident since the third episode: activities do not exist in a vacuum, and taking up something new opens one up to much more than just the activity they’d partaken in. However, Sorairo Utility also shows how one’s existing skills can impact their enjoyment and ability. Minami had taken up golf to do something with her life after her favourite mobile game was shuttered, but finds moments where her prowess with smartphones and games would come in handy: early on, she walks Haruka through taking selfies with a smartphone, and later, in a virtual golf game, Minami’s understanding of how games work allows her to guide Haruka and Ayaka through mechanics that would never show up in a real golf course. Similarly, when Ayaka stops eating as a part of a social media challenge, Minami’s über-micro allows her to trivially beat a game, letting Ayaka to finish said challenge and finally take in some nourishment again. Showing this side to Minami’s growth helps Sorairo Utility to show that, just because one is taking up a new activity does not mean that their old skills are dulled, and similarly, one does not lose their old identity, either. Instead, picking up golf serves to expand Minami’s world and let her do things she would never have otherwise have done, but otherwise, Minami is still her old self. Outside of moments where Minami is able to lend her skills to a problem at hand, Minami’s old self endures: while playing a game with Haruka, Ayaka and Megumi, Minami runs afoul of the wildlife on the course and is reduced to running around in a blind panic when the wildlife chase her. Portraying all sides of Minami thus reiterates that doing something new won’t fundamentally change an individual to the point where they’re unrecognisable, but instead, simply serves to help one learn and grow in new ways. In this way, Sorairo Utility ends up being similar to most cute-girls-doing-cute-things, providing a comforting and heart-warming experience which, while unlikely to alter one’s worldviews or say anything profound, remains most welcome in a world where opportunities for self-discovery and encouragement to explore continues to be eroded.
Screenshots and Commentary

- By now, the Nishitokyo’s Hoya Golf Center has become a familiar place for Minami – at the seventh episode’s start, after she gets inspired by a light novel Izumi’s reading, Minami is inspired to work on her signature move. It turns out the elderly gentlemen were also fond of doing this in their youth, and after overhearing Minami, they’re spurred on by her energy, enough that they decide to show her their old moves. While seemingly inconsequential, the moment serves to show viewers that what Minami fancies doing isn’t so outlandish after all.

- While the gentlemen still have spirit, it’s clear their bodies aren’t up for the task: they overexert themselves and end up being taken to the emergency room for their troubles. The moment is clearly meant to be humourous in nature and reminds folks not to overdo things, although for me, it’s also a reminder that if I wish to remain fit at those ages, I’ll need to consistently lift weights, run, partake in outdoor activities and generally live in a healthy fashion. Despite sharing looks of exasperation at what unfolded with Haruka and the manager, Minami does end up developing her patented Penguin Slider, a shot with a low, flat trajectory that also has some distance to it.

- When Ayaka arrives, she reveals that there’s a virtual golf game that’s become popular and provides players who make the leaderboard with rewards like cash prizes. Curious, Haruka and Minami agree to join, thinking it could be fun to see how far they make it. At first glance, playing a golf video game in a story about golf seems counterproductive and extraneous, taking away from time that Minami could actually be spending on a golf course. Were Sorairo Utility to be a competitive series like Birdie Wing, then this perspective would hold merit.

- However, Sorairo Utility takes a much more laid back approach towards golf, and as such, something like a virtual golf tournament fits in quite well with the series. The choice to incorporate video games into Sorairo Utility gives Minami a chance to shine: while she’s been picking up the basics and improving incrementally, Minami is still a novice and therefore, is prone to making mistakes. This causes her to throw adorable tantrums or become sulky, so to reiterate Minami also has her strong points, Sorairo Utility uses moments like these to let Minami shine: the virtual golf game she and the others play isn’t conventional golf, being filled with gotcha mechanics that would probably cause real golfers to rage-quit.

- Japanese games are very creative in this regard, doing wild and whacky things with their design to surprise players. Among the courses the girls play are a level set in a giant sandtrap, where ants punt balls from the hole if they land, and where the sand consumes any missed shots. Seemingly unable to get past this level, Minami and Haruka end up doing the equivalent of saturation fire, putting enough balls in the hole that the ants can’t keep up, allowing them to clear this stage.

- However, facing consecutive challenging stages proves exhausting, and when the girls reach a level whose objective is to sink a shot into a hole that’s protected by fanciful anti-air munitions and traps, nothing Haruka and Minami have appear to be effective. To observant viewers, this level was tailor-made for Minami’s Penguin Slider, and so, when conventional means fail, Minami decides to give her special finishing move a whirl. This ends up being successful, and upon completion, the girls are ecstatic to learn that not only did they make the leaderboard, but they’ve managed to finish first, too.

- This allows them to collect a cash prize, one substantial enough that Haruka considers buying a new driver with it. Ayaka, however, has a different idea – she suggests taking Minami out to a course where they’ll have a caddie. The gap between Ayaka and Haruka is plain here; Haruka’s someone whose quite devoted to golf and always looking for equipment and training to improve her game, while Ayaka is more of a memories and experiences person, befitting of her being an influencer. Sorairo Utility is optimistic in its portrayal of influencers: Ayaka is friendly, down-to-earth and approachable, and while she has a large following owing to her golf and fashion content, Ayaka is also humble, standing in stark contrast with the impression of influencers most people have.

- Because it’s Minami’s first time golfing somewhere so fancy, she’s most excited to get the day started and enters her latest round with stars in her eyes. Minami is undeniably cute, and looking back, this is a trait that almost all slice-of-life protagonists share. If I had to guess, this is comes about because such characters convey a feeling of innocence and vulnerability, which prompts viewers to feel sufficiently warm and fuzzy that they want to root for the character’s growth and development. This creates engagement and, thanks to our evolutionary tendency to want to protect cute things, it’s a way of gently encouraging viewers to relax and become excited by a work.

- Longtime readers will probably be aware that I’m no fan of influencers: people who flaunt wealth, unhealthy lifestyles and unreasonable standards of beauty while receiving praise for what ultimately amounts to a shallow and unsustainable view of the world do not earn any respect in my books, and as far as I’m concerned, being “popular” isn’t a marketable skill. Thus, when Ayaka is presented as someone who wants to reach people and help them or make their day better, she represents influencers as they should be: someone who takes domain expertise and shares it with people at scale. A true influencer has a marketable skill set (in Ayaka’s case, golf and fashion) in conjunction with a sincere personality and a desire to share not for personal gain, but for the sake of others.

- There are a number of people in reality who are similar to Ayaka, such as LevelCap, MrProWestie, JackFrags and TheRadBrad: they possess skills in their areas of interest, present things that are relevant to their audience and do not promote an unattainable or unsustainable lifestyle. In particular, I respect LevelCap greatly because he’s also made the plunge into being a game developer, taking his experiences and opinions of games and turning those ideas into reality through the game he’s working on, C-Beams. Ayaka has a similar ability: while she knows how to present things to an audience, the fact she’s genuinely into golf and fashion means that she has skills that can be turned to a viable long-term career.

- Ayaka’s life as an influencer is explored later on; during this trip, she takes a handful of pictures for her audience, but the episode’s focus is on Megumi and how she helps the youthful golfers in more ways than just picking up balls, selecting clubs for players and maintaining the course. In a manner of speaking, then, Megumi becomes more than just a golf caddie: she’s also a caddie who guides Minami, Ayaka and Haruka through life as they reach the transition between adolescence and adulthood. This was a pleasant turn of events, and for Haruka, it’s a chance to work with her father’s former golf student.

- Until now, Minami and her friends had played golf on their own, with Haruka and Ayaka providing guidance for Minami. With Megumi present, the girls now have someone much more senior than themselves fulfilling this role, and throughout the day, both Haruka and Ayaka receive learnings of their own from Megumi. Observant viewers will have spotted that Megumi’s features are sharper, more angular than those of Minami, Ayaka and Haruka’s, mirroring the age gap. The artistic characteristics of animation are such that it can be difficult to tell how old (or young) people are if they’re between 15 and 45, so different character designers will use different, sometimes subtle, cues to denote age.

- During the course of this game, Minami learns why golfers shout “Fore!” (a Scottish exclamation used to announce the presence of an incoming shot to anyone downrange), finds herself being chased down by various animals, including a deer, and receives support from Ayaka. Observing the girls allows Megumi to gain a better measure of their traits, and Megumi will later indicate to Ayaka that she’s got the makings of a good caddie because she’s so observant. Similarly, watching Haruka play helps Megumi to gain insight into how the former’s play has subtlety changed over time.

- During lunch, Minami’s surprised to learn that Megumi won’t be eating with them. While the girls enjoy their meal, I look back on today’s events: I was asked to help out with an event for the photo club, so I decided to take advantage of the beautiful weather and went out for a gargantuan breakfast brunch at Leopold’s Tavern called the “Leo Grande”. Consisting of three eggs, thick-cut bacon, smoked ham, house hash browns with salsa, toast and a waffle topped with whipped cream and blackberry sauce, this breakfast is practically two meals. Although Leopold’s was out of sausage this morning, my server was kind enough to ask if I wanted to have double bacon or double ham as substitution, and I went with bacon. Unsurprisingly, breakfast was delicious, and the waffle proved a delightful way of wrapping brunch up.

- I subsequently headed over to the Cultural Centre for my event, and in fact, I’m waiting for the videos to finish encoding into a portable container. Back in Sorairo Utility, when it comes to Haruka, Megumi’s noticed that there’s something different about the way that she’s playing. Megumi describes Haruka’s old style as being powerful, as though Haruka plays with nothing held back and tends to let loose on her shots, but today, Haruka’s playing with more precision. Although Sorairo Utility doesn’t delve into this further, it’s straightforward to work out that Haruka’s a little confused: Megumi enjoyed watching Haruka’s older style, but she’s also complimenting on how Haruka’s grown as a golfer now that she’s making more measured shots geared at precision rather than raw distance.

- As such, I didn’t really see this as a sign that Haruka’s losing touch with golf or is worried about anything from her past. Rather, Haruka isn’t sure if Megumi likes her current style or old style better, and from a storytelling perspective, this makes sense – like most activities, golf is most meaningful when one is able to take feedback from others and develop a style that works best for them. Haruka comes to understand this, and when a hole allows for it, Haruka decides do something bold. When her shot lands close, Minami is suddenly filled with a desire to emulate her. This moment is why I felt that nothing was off about Haruka per se; Haruka is well aware that Minami looks up to her, so she’d been playing a more conservative game so Minami would focus on the basics.

- For her part, Minami’s day has been progressing smoothly: most of her shots are getting closer to where she intends them to land, and even when she accidentally loses a ball in a water hazard, the frog that had terrified Ayaka earlier helpfully punts the ball back to Minami. For her part, Minami begins to become more comfortable on the golf course, and with advice from Megumi, her game appears to improve. Instead, it’s other hazards on the course that give her trouble on this day – after spotting some crows nesting on the clubs, Minami becomes distracted and makes to chase them off, only to become the victim instead.

- The minor mishaps that befall Minami are totally adorable – one cannot help but feel an overwhelming feeling of fuzziness, akin to hugging a large stuffed animal, when seeing things like this happen to Minami. It ultimately takes Megumi using her crane stance technique to drive the crows off. At first glance, this would be purely comedic, but again, there’s more to Sorairo Utility than humour; having Megumi know Wu Xing Quan (五形拳, Five Shapes Fists) indicates that caddies are multidisciplinary and skilled in a variety of things to ensure they do their job successfully.

- When Megumi put the petal to the metal earlier, Minami’s penguin club cover fell off. After the crows attack, Minami notices her cover’s gone and is heartbroken. What happens next is not shown, but based on dialogue after the fact, even with the loss of the cover on her mind, Minami must’ve at least had a fair game – the next day, Minami wonders why her seeming improvement at the course has vanished, and Sorairo Utility doesn’t go out of its way to show Minami’s game falling apart. It therefore stands to reason that, likely because of Megumi, Haruka and Ayaka, Minami is able to focus on her game, only returning her thoughts to her missing club cover after the day’s done.

- At the end of the day, things take a fortuitous turn when Minami is able to reunite with her penguin-shaped club cover. The staff note that it was actually some crows that brought it back, and while Minami had a rough time with the wildlife at the golf course, she’s grateful all the same. While this was likely done for humour, it’s not implausible for such things to happen: crows have remarkable cognition and studies found they’ve got enough long term memory to hold grudges. Their intellect and memory is why traditionally, crows have been regarded as tricksters, but here in Sorairo Utility, they end up giving Minami one more thing to smile about as her latest golf game draws to an end.

- Later, Megumi contacts the girls and suggests they play again together: even Megumi’s young son is beginning to pick up golf. However, before this happens, Ayaka unexpectedly stops showing up at the driving range, and her social media’s gone dark, resulting in no shortage of concern from Haruka and Minami. Because of Sorairo Utility‘s nature and aims, Ayaka was never really in any trouble, and instead, she had been trying to take on a difficult social media challenge to boost her engagement and reach: complete a challenging game in full before taking her next meal. The gentle tone of Sorairo Utility belies the danger behind the things that can occur with social media challenges, which have had some very unfortunate and even deadly consequences in real life.

- Minami’s prowess with games allows her to trivially complete the game, and in the aftermath, the girls get some food so Ayaka can have some sustenance. At the three quarters mark, Sorairo Utility reveals that Ayaka initially didn’t feel like she had anything going for her and, inspired by Haruka, would pick up golf as a way of emulating the energy and confidence Haruka exuded. However, whereas Haruka plays golf for the sake of golfing, Ayaka was more engaged by the prospect of reaching people and sharing with the world her journey as she sought to improve. Discussions on Sorairo Utility are extremely scant, and it took me considerable effort to find anyone else talking about it, but another blogger out there suggested that Ayaka’s goal was to reach or surpass Haruka in raw skill.

- I never got the sense that this was the case – there isn’t a competitiveness between Ayaka and Haruka, as the latter seemed genuinely excited when Ayaka began improving. Instead, Ayaka’s focus on social media evidently comes from her feeling that while she likes golf, she doesn’t love it as Haruka does. I understand the desire to be so passionate about something that it becomes one’s identity, but this isn’t something that can be attained through emulating others. This is what Ayaka discovers as Minami and Haruka help her with her social media activities: Ayaka tries unboxing and reviewing a play-set for children, samples tea and attempts to gain spiritual enlightenment using an urbanised variant of takigyo (the waterfall ritual) with support from director Minami.

- However, while these videos do end up having some impact (especially when Minami unintentionally frames her shots that accentuates Ayaka’s allure), they’re not the sort of thing that Ayaka’s looking for – granted, her numbers are improving, but her videos lack the impact she seeks. Conversation with Haruka and Minami leads Ayaka to land on something that’s more authentic, she decides to design custom shirts and discuss the importance of good golf etiquette. This was a capital idea: all too often, streamers and influencers use sex appeal to try and grow their viewership, and while effective in bringing in the raw numbers, such approaches invariably fail because viewers will not linger if this is all a creator does. An ethical influencer looking for success must focus on the content they’re passionate and knowledgable about: this weeds out the more degenerate viewers and engages people who are present for the creator’s content, rather than a parasocial relationship.

- This approach takes much more work than wearing a low-cut outfit and doing “let’s chats”, but it’s also more sustainable because it allows one to connect with people who genuinely like the topic and content. In showing this aspect of what an influencer entails, Sorairo Utility offers an unexpectedly meaningful perspective on what makes a good influencer. In the present, being an influencer a fledgling occupation whose legitimacy is still widely debated – at one end of the spectrum, people suggest that an influencer is creating content and promoting things, except instead being with an agency, they’re also marketing their own personality and brand as a product. However, others hold that influencers that endorse overconsumption or promotes shallow, unhealthy values aren’t meritorious of their material or financial success.

- I agree with both arguments to an extent; being an amateur videographer and blogger, I understand it takes skill to produce content (if I were any good at either, I’d be a video editor or writer full time instead of being a mobile developer), but at the same time, I also hold that someone who posts faux-inspirational posts about getting up at 4 AM to deadlift 200 pounds (a milestone that I have, incidentally, passed for squat), and then rushes off to the beach for the sunrise so they can be inspired to work on their book, isn’t deserving of a larger income than someone in more traditional, useful occupations. Sorairo Utility thus acts as an excellent case study of what a respectable influencer, one deserving of success, looks like: it takes real work and sincere passion about a topic beyond oneself, and it’s also a group effort: Ayaka ends up burning the midnight oil to get her designs finished, and the final product looks excellent.

- However, as a result of sheer exhaustion, Ayaka unintentionally orders three hundred shirts instead of three. Mortified by her mistake, Ayaka reverts to holing up in her apartment, and it takes Minami and Haruka to extricate her. Although a light-hearted joke to parallel how the episode began, Sorairo Utility also uses this moment to show how some mistakes can cause people to withdraw, and more importantly, how having good people in one’s corner can help to lift one back up. Moreover, with a bit of forward thinking from Minami, who’s taken everything in stride, the girls decide they can sell these T-shirts to fans of Ayaka’s channel. Hilariously enough, while Minami’s an excellent producer who does remarkable work behind the scenes, her own ability to be on camera is limited, once more showing how it takes a certain mindset and ability to work in front of a camera.

- Although I’m not a golfer myself, I’m a very big fan of polo-style shirts: these shirts are very versatile and look pair with a variety of bottoms, from denims to slacks, and can be worn both tucked in with a belt, or untucked for a more casual look. Because of this, most of my summer wardrobe consists of polos, with a number of button-up short sleeves. If Sorairo Utility‘s team were to make the shirt HAM produces a reality, I wouldn’t object to buying one, myself: the bright green would actually work great with both light chinos and dark jeans. One subtle touch I liked was how Minami’s producer alter-ego is surprisingly confident and competent on-camera: while her initial video presence was weaker (but still adorable), it seems when Minami’s allowed to get in the moment, she’s very smooth and here, she introduces viewers to Ayaka for their latest video.

- By turning a potential disaster into an opportunity, Minami and Haruka help Ayaka to sell a large number of the t-shirts, and while looking her latest posts and the overwhelmingly positive reaction, Ayaka breaks out into tears. This moment convinces Ayaka that there is worth in what she’s doing – rather than chasing after the ideal Haruka’s working towards, Ayaka now knows that there are things she can do, as well. Looking through one of the comments left on Ayaka’s Instagram, “This is so you, Hoshimin”, speaks volumes to this; Ayaka wasn’t trying to surpass Haruka in golf, but rather, she wanted something she could be as passionate about as Haruka was about golf. When Ayaka thanks Minami for helping out, Minami’s reply that this is part of golf, speaks volumes to her own growth. Slice-of-life anime, and stories focused around cute-girls-doing-difficult-things, might not outwardly appear complex or difficult, but over the years, I’ve found that they speak of messages that are often taken for granted.

- As such, while I appear to be pointing out the obvious for readers, my aim in posts like these is to try and gain a measure of what the work’s creator is trying to say, rather than what I make of things. Comparing and contrasting what a work says, against what I know or believe, creates the best discussions, and in my case, while there is a considerable gap between golf and photography, I do understand the feeling of progress Minami experiences as she becomes increasingly familiar with golf, and furthermore there are some commonalities – a few nights ago, I woke up at 0300 to try my hand at aurora photography when the KP reached a 4.67. After driving out to my spot from last year and taking a shot to warm up, I wound up driving further west in search of a spot I had hoped to find during October’s G4 geomagnetic storm. I was successful, and it became apparent that this would be an ideal place to go for auroras – there’s a Nodding Donkey pumpjack here that acts as an excellent foreground subject, and the lack of obstructions to the north means any aurora would be very visible. Knowing this, I now have a readily-accessible spot for auroras that I’m comfortable shooting at – like golf, photography is all about positioning and choosing the right setup for the task, and choosing the right lens isn’t any different than picking the right kind of club.
Nine episodes in, what makes Sorairo Utility standout is how the series is able to leverage the dynamics between Minami, Haruka and Ayaka to create scenarios that drive individual growth for everyone. Although Sorairo Utility opened as Minami’s story of how she would come to take charge of her life and learn something new, it turns out that along the way, having a newbie to mentor also helps Haruka and Ayaka to mature. Haruka is a seasoned golfer whose modus operandi is to go all out and push the limits of golf, but as she guides Minami through the basics, she ends up finding reason to reflect on her own play style, as well. Similarly, while Ayaka is a moderately successful influencer and enjoys golf, even she encounters moments where she loses her motivation, and Minami ends up surprising her by helping to lift her out of a slump. For her part, Minami becomes more outgoing and more willing to fail if it means learning something new. It’s evident that each of Minami, Haruka and Ayaka help one another out, and while each of the girls have completely different reasons for golfing, they find themselves unified by a common enjoyment of both the sport and one another’s company. It is clear that, while Sorairo Utility might be centred around golf, the largest take-away is that irrespective of the things that one chooses to do, being able to partake in an activity along others is an opportunity to both learn and teach, to support and be supported. The fact that a large number of cute-girls-doing-difficult-things anime willfully depict this message indicates that to creators, this is something that’s important to them. In the case of Sorairo Utility, it becomes clear that for Kengo Saitō, who’d longed to make his own golf-related anime, what makes golf fun for him is the fact that it’s able to let one to experience a veritable smörgåsbord of things with other people. I would imagine that for Saitō, Sorairo Utility is the realisation of a professional and personal goal, and going from how Sorairo Utility has turned out, it is evident that Saitō’s intentions were successfully communicated through this project. As we enter Sorairo Utility‘s final quarter, it will be intriguing to see what lies ahead for Minami: while her goals aren’t to take a national-level title or fulfil any sort of childhood promise, she’s nonetheless made enough strides in golf to begin living life more fully, and watching her playing golf with a more relaxed mind and improved technique in a tournament will be a suitable way of showing viewers her growth.