Papers by Kuno Hottenrott
Correlation Properties Of HRV During Marathon Racing In Recreational Runners: Potential Biomarker Of Organismic Demands
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2021
Alles unter Kontrolle : Ausdauertraining
Das grosse Buch vom Skilanglauf
Das grosse Buch vom Triathlon
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2021
There is only very limited data examining cardiovascular responses in real-world endurance traini... more There is only very limited data examining cardiovascular responses in real-world endurance training/competition. The present study examines the influence of a marathon race on non-linear dynamics of heart rate (HR) variability (HRV). Eleven male recreational runners performed a self-paced marathon road race on an almost flat profile. During the race, heart rate and beat-to-beat (RR) intervals were recorded continuously. Besides HRV time-domain measurements, fractal correlation properties using short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA-alpha1) were calculated. The mean finishing time was 3:10:22 ± 0:17:56 h:min:s with a blood lactate concentration of 4.04 ± 1.12 mmol/L at the end of the race. Comparing the beginning to the end segment of the marathon race (Begin vs. End) significant increases could be found for km split time (p < .001, d = .934) and for HR (p = .010, d = .804). Significant decreases could be found for meanRR (p = .013, d = .798) and...
Herz, 2006
Heart rate variability (HRV) has long been used in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death a... more Heart rate variability (HRV) has long been used in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death and diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In recent years, both time and frequency domain indices of HRV also gained increasing interest in sports and training sciences. In these fields, HRV is currently used for the non invasive assessment of autonomic changes associated with short-term and long-term endurance exercise training in both leisure sports activity and high-performance training. Furthermore, HRV is being investigated as a diagnostic marker of overreaching and overtraining. A large body of evidence shows that, in healthy subjects and cardiovascular patients of all ages (up to an age of 70 years), regular aerobic training usually results in a significant improvement of overall as well as instantaneous HRV. These changes, which are accompanied by significant reductions in heart rates both at rest and during submaximal exercise, reflect an increase in autonomic efferent activity and a sh...
Influence Of Performance Level Of Male Runners On Non-linear Dynamics Of Heart Rate Variability During a 10Km Race
International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2020
The present study examines the influence of a 10 km race of runners with different performance le... more The present study examines the influence of a 10 km race of runners with different performance levels on time-domain measures and non-linear dynamics of HRV. Twenty-two male recreational to elite runners performed a self-paced 10 km race on asphalt with flat profile. The participants were divided into two performance groups based on their 10 km total time with a split at 40 min (fTT: fast total times, sTT: slow total times). During the race (Begin, Mid-Point, End), heart rate and RR-intervals were recorded continuously. Besides HRV time-domain measurements, fractal correlation properties using short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) were calculated. Mean total time from fTT was significant faster compared to sTT (35:14 ± 03:15 min:sec vs. 46:34 ± 05:46 min:sec). While RMSSD and SDNN diminished strongly during the race with no differences between groups, we observed significant lower values in DFA-alpha1 at Begin for fTT. In comparison of Begin vs. ...
Der Eisenstoffwechsel und seine Bedeutung für das Höhentraining
Ein Eisenmangel und eine katabole Stoffwechsellage behindern die Zunahme des Gesamthamoglobins un... more Ein Eisenmangel und eine katabole Stoffwechsellage behindern die Zunahme des Gesamthamoglobins und damit einen Anstieg der Sauerstofftransportkapazitat, sodass die Wirksamkeit des Hohentrainings herabgesetzt ist. Die Eisenhomoostase wird sehr fein durch das hepatische Hormon Hepcidin (HEPC) kontrolliert, welches die Eisenaufnahmefahigkeit der Darmzellen uber ein spezielles Protein, dem Ferroportin, kontrolliert. Unter Hypoxie stimuliert das Protein HIF-1 α die Freisetzung des Erythropoitins (EPO). Unzureichende Eisenspeicher und/oder eine Vitamin-B12-Unterversorgung bei Athleten, besonders bei jungen Frauen, sind Wochen vor einem Hohentraining durch eine orale Eisen- und/oder Vitamin-B12-Substitution unter arztlicher Kontrolle, aufzufullen. Voraussetzung fur eine leistungsfordernde Wirkung des Hohentrainings ist ein mehrmaliger Aufenthalt in mittleren Hohen von 1700 m bis 3000 m. Als Aufenthaltsdauer werden 350 h bis 500 h oder zwei bis drei Wochen empfohlen. Mangelnde Eisenverfugba...
The New Way to Exercise? Evaluating an Innovative Heart-rate-controlled Exergame
International Journal of Sports Medicine
Exergames may offer novel opportunities to expand physical activity. Most games, however, only re... more Exergames may offer novel opportunities to expand physical activity. Most games, however, only result in low to moderate-intensity activities that are too low to allow relevant physical adjustments. In the present study, the exercise intensity of a new, heart rate controlled, functional fitness game was assessed. 28 subjects (aged 24.8±3.8 yrs; 46% female; BMI 23.2±2.3 kg/m2) were enrolled in this study. VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) were assessed during a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill and compared with the oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) during a game in the ExerCube.In the ExerCube, the subjects reached a peak HR of 187.43±9.22 bpm, which corresponds to 96.57±3.64% of their HRmax. The mean HR throughout the game was 167.11±10.94 bpm, corresponding to 86.07±4.33% of HRmax. VO2peak reached 41.57±5.09 ml/kg/min during the game in the ExerCube, which corresponds to 84.75±7.52% of VO2max. The mean VO2 consumption during the game reached 32.39±4.04 ml/...
Sports
Due to physiological and anatomical sex differences, there are variations in the training respons... more Due to physiological and anatomical sex differences, there are variations in the training response, and the recovery periods following exercise may be different. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are well-suited to differentially investigate the course of recovery. This study was conducted to determine sex-specific differences in the recovery following HIIT intervals interspersed with recovery phases of different lengths. Methods: Well-trained cyclists and triathletes (n = 11 females, n = 11 males) participated in this study. There were no significant sex differences in maximal heart rate (HR), relative peak power to body mass and fat-free mass, training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (females: 91.8 ± 5.5 %, males: 94.6 ± 5.4 %). A 30 s Wingate test was performed four times, separated by different active recovery periods (1, 3, or 10 min). Lactate, HR, oxygen uptake, and subjective rating of exertion and recovery were determined. Results: For the recovery time of thr...
Adaptive High-Intensity Exergaming: The More Enjoyable Alternative to Conventional Training Approaches Despite Working Harder
Games for Health Journal
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess psychological and physiological responses to a... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess psychological and physiological responses to an exergaming session in the ExerCube (EX) and compare them with the responses of a moderate endurance run (ER). Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight healthy adults (13 women) aged 24.8 ± 3.8 years took part in this study. The first test day, participants performed a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine maximal heart rate (HR) and lactate levels. The following test days 2 and 3, the participants completed an EX session and an ER on a treadmill in a randomized counterbalanced order. HR, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and lactate levels were assessed during both sessions. After the sessions, the participants completed the "Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale" and the "Flow Short Scale." Results: The analysis of variance revealed that enjoyment (P = 0.036), flow (P = 0.042), RPE (P = 0.005), as well as mean and peak HR (P < 0.001) during the EX session were significantly higher compared with the ER. Gender did not affect the differences between the two conditions for mean HR (P = 0.61), maximal HR (P = 0.122), RPE (P = 0.862), flow (P = 0.376) nor enjoyment (P = 0.867). During the EX session, the lactate levels of all participants exceeded the individual lactate threshold (LT). During the ER, lactate values remained below the LT. Conclusion: The ExerCube presents both a physiological relevant exercise stimulus and a joyful gaming experience. Despite the higher exercise intensity achieved during the EX session, enjoyment was significantly higher compared with the ER. Therefore, the EX can be a promising and appealing tool to facilitate physical activity. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN43067716, April 14, 2020. Trial number: 38154.
Utilizing Heart Rate Variability for Coaching Athletes During and After Viral Infection: A Case Report in an Elite Endurance Athlete
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Background: Viral diseases have different individual progressions and can lead to considerable ri... more Background: Viral diseases have different individual progressions and can lead to considerable risks/long-term consequences. Therefore, it is not suitable to give general recommendations on a time off from training for athletes. This case report aims to investigate the relevance of detecting heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) during an orthostatic test (OT) to monitor the progression and recovery process during and after a viral disease in an elite endurance athlete.Methods: A 30-year-old elite marathon runner contracted a viral infection (upper respiratory tract infection) 4 weeks after a marathon race. RR intervals in HR time series in supine and standing positions were monitored daily in the morning. Analyzed parameters included HR, the time-domain HRV parameter root mean square of successive difference (RMSSD), peak HR (HRpeak) in a standing position, and the time to HR peak (tHRpeak).Results: During the 6-day viral infection period, HR increased significantly by an averag...
Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Exercise Physiology
ECG Time Series Variability Analysis
Journal of Applied Physiology
An essential addition to the Viewpoint of Joyner et al. (3) is to consider how the pacing strateg... more An essential addition to the Viewpoint of Joyner et al. (3) is to consider how the pacing strategies of word record (WR) holders have changed in the last decades (1). As such, from 1967 to 1988, athletes used to start off faster than the goal speed needed to break the WR, and due to these unsustainable initial speeds, they displayed significant speed losses in the second half of the race. However, since 1988, it seems that the pacing strategy has moved from a positive to a negative profile, with athletes speeding up from the 25th km to the finish line (1). The trend toward smaller pace variations between 5-km sections in recent WRs also suggests that a more stable pacing, with an average speed almost equal for the whole race, may be the pacing goal for future WR seekers. One way of ensuring such a stable pace is a careful selection of the course profile. For example, for the "Breaking2" attempt, Nike looked for a course as flat as possible (Monza, Italy), and in the subsequent Ineos 1:59 Challenge, Kipchoge ran on a flat course with only 2.4 m of elevation change. Within the conventional WR eligible races, Berlin, one of the most likely candidates in terms of potential venues for future WR attempts (2), is relatively flat (starts at an elevation of 38 m above sea level and never exceeds 53 m), and has a net downhill profile over the final 15 km.
Acute Effects of Self-myofascial Release using a Foam Roller on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults
Artery Research
Life
Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise has been suggested to enhance weight... more Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise has been suggested to enhance weight loss. However, both procedures might negatively influence acid–base status. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of IF, exercise training and alkaline supplementation in overweight subjects on body composition and running performance. Methods: 80 overweight subjects of age 45.5 ± 7.8 years were assigned to IF or non-intermittent fasting (nIF). Furthermore, subjects were randomly assigned to take either an alkaline supplement (IF-v, nIF-v) or a placebo (IF-p, nIF-p) twice a day. All subjects performed a personalized endurance exercise program (3–4 times/week for 12 weeks). Body weight, body composition, running performance and acid–base parameters were determined before (pre) and after the 12-week program (post). Results: 68 participants completed the study. There was a significant effect on body weight loss, body fat loss, visceral fat loss and running performance...
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2020
Marathons are a showcase of exquisite physical prowess as well as a remarkable opportunity for ph... more Marathons are a showcase of exquisite physical prowess as well as a remarkable opportunity for physiological discovery. Joyner et al. (1) in their Viewpoint “Physiology and fast marathons” analyze the factors that have led to the recent improvements in the marathon and 1,500-m run world records. They conclude that reductions in time come from the interplay between biological ability, intensive training programs, and modern techniques such as drafting and pacing. Moreover, better shoes, optimized tracks, and carbohydrate feeding could have also played a role by increasing running efficiency. Parallel to these advances, there is a strong body of evidence suggesting that cardiac troponin (cTn) levels rise as a consequence of running a marathon, specially in young male runners (2, 3)... (continues) Authors: José Manuel González-Rayas, Ana Lilia Rayas-Gómez, José Manuel González-Yáñez.
Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin
SummarySportler, die ihre Ernährung an das Training anpassen, können ihre Leistungsfähigkeit erhö... more SummarySportler, die ihre Ernährung an das Training anpassen, können ihre Leistungsfähigkeit erhöhen und die Regeneration verbessern. Eine Ernährungsperiodisierung wie das Intervallfasten oder der vorübergehende Verzicht auf eine energetisch ausreichende Nahrungsaufnahme, kann die Reizwirksamkeit des Trainings erhöhen. Davon profitieren insbesondere Sportler, die eine Veränderung der Körperzusammensetzung bewirken wollen.
Frontiers in Neuroscience
German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
Sozialer Wandel und Veränderungen im Wissenschafts-und Hochschulsystem haben in den vergangenen J... more Sozialer Wandel und Veränderungen im Wissenschafts-und Hochschulsystem haben in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten immer wieder zu erheblichen Herausforderungen für die Sportwissenschaft geführt. Um diese Herausforderungen anzunehmen und um wissenschaftspolitische Positionen zu entwickeln, haben die nationalen Verbände der Sportwissenschaft und Sportmedizin sowie des organisierten Sports in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten Memoranden verfasst: 1994 das "Memorandum zur Förderung der Sportwissenschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" und 2005 das "Memorandum zur Entwicklung der Sportwissenschaft". Das Spektrum der Sportwissenschaft hat sich seit dem Erscheinen des vorangegangenen Me
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Papers by Kuno Hottenrott