Andrea Brogi

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Papers by Andrea Brogi

Characteristics of Seismogenic Dust Particles from Mountain and Its Significance for Paleoseismic Records in Tufa Section: A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou, China

The sedimentary characteristics of the special interlayer contained in the section of the Sparkin... more The sedimentary characteristics of the special interlayer contained in the section of the Sparking Lake dam revealed by the 8.8 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in 2017 are obviously different from the tufa in the dam body, and they are considered to be prehistoric flood relics. Based on the study of the particulate matter from the 8.8 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, this paper combines comparative petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and chronological studies of the special interbedded sediments of the Sparking Lake dam with other genetic samples to obtain homology information and genetic links, as well as to explore the tufa depositional dynamics and earthquake disaster subsidence. The palaeoseismic benefit in the discontinuity layer is explored, and the palaeoseismic information embedded in the profiles is extracted, providing a new idea to reconstruct the palaeoseismic events in the tufa deposition sequence. According to X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analysis and scanning electron micr...

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Fractures, fluid flow and inherited structures in geothermal systems: inputs from the Fe-ore deposits of eastern Elba Island (Northern Apennines, Italy)

Geological Magazine

Geothermal systems in terrains affected by polyphase deformation have reservoirs with a 3D geomet... more Geothermal systems in terrains affected by polyphase deformation have reservoirs with a 3D geometry that is always difficult to predict. In this paper we describe a fossil exhumed geothermal system exposed in eastern Elba Island that developed in a polyphase folded and faulted setting, which can help us to understand how geothermal fluids circulate in geological bodies with inherited structures. Geothermal circulation at Elba allowed the deposition of Fe-ore deposits (haematite/magnetite and pyrite) and altered rock volumes, which represent tracers of the palaeo-fluid flow. Normal and oblique-slip faults dissected a polyphase folded metasiliciclastic succession and produced a secondary permeability in the range of 5 × 10−13 to 5 × 10−16 m2. From the permeable fault zones acting as feeder conduits, geothermal fluids permeated the hydraulically connected metasiliciclastic rock bodies previously deformed by two generations of folds. Geothermal fluids followed the already defined geomet...

Pliocene–Quaternary seismogenic faults in the inner Northern Apennines (Valdelsa Basin, southern Tuscany) and their role in controlling the local seismicity

Geological Magazine

Pliocene–Quaternary faults are relevant structures with which to constrain the seismotectonic con... more Pliocene–Quaternary faults are relevant structures with which to constrain the seismotectonic context and contribute to the evaluation of the seismic hazard of a region. Many of these faults, however, do not show clear surface evidence even when releasing earthquakes. For these reasons they can be extremely dangerous as they receive relatively little attention and can be difficult to identify. From among the various surface geology studies and/or palaeoseismological investigations, we focus our attention on the integration of different datasets such as seismic reflection profiles, surface kinematic data and the relocation of seismological data, which make it possible to identify and characterize active faults whose dimension and earthquake potential would otherwise not be large enough to make them identifiable. We take as an example the Montespertoli NE-trending fault in southern Tuscany (central Italy) with which we associate the 2016 M=3.9 Castelfiorentino earthquake. This structu...

Neotectonics in the inner Northern Apennines: evidence from late Quaternary alluvial sediments of the northern Siena Basin

RENDICONTI ONLINE DELLA SOCIETÀ GEOLOGICA ITALIANA, Sep 1, 2010

Reply to Mazzarini et al. comment on ‘Unveiling ductile deformation during fast exhumation of a granitic pluton in a transfer zone’

Journal of Structural Geology, 2021

Reconstructing the circulation of paleo-fluids through fluid inclusion studies: the case of the iron-mineralization of eastern Elba Island

Neogene Paleoseismicity in the Elba Island Exhumed Geothermal System (Italy): Insights from Monte Calamita Area

Fluid inclusion and isotopic studies in the eastern Elba Island (Italy) exhumed geothermal system. Part 1: The Calamita Peninsula

Abstracts dell'International School of Travertine and Tufa

Three-dimensional visualisation of a faulted fold system from the inner Northern Apennines (i.e. southern Tuscany, Serre di Rapolano, Italy)

Rendiconti della Società Geologica Italian

Factors controlling the geometry of travertine mounds: Insights from Heinitang (China)

Sedimentology, 2021

Travertine mounds are common spring‐constructed landforms with highly variable geometries, but fa... more Travertine mounds are common spring‐constructed landforms with highly variable geometries, but factors controlling their development have not yet been fully understood. To investigate processes linked with their lateral and vertical growth, this study investigated travertine mounds at Heinitang (China) and compared them with typical mounds around the world. Calcium concentration variation modelling and height evaluation of travertine mounds were also performed. The lateral extent of travertine mounds was found to be mainly controlled by Ca2+ and concentrations and water discharge: relatively small metre‐scale mounds, like those from Heinitang, are largely the products of Ca2+‐deficiency (<150 mg L−1, commonly <100 mg L−1) or ‐deficiency (<500 mg L−1) springs with low discharges (<0.1 L s−1), whereas springs with higher Ca2+ and concentrations and discharges give rise to the formation of wider mounds. Additional factors affecting mound lateral development include infiltra...

The tectonic control on the deposition of Pleistocene continental carbonates in the Sarteano area (southern Tuscany)

The Eastern Elba Island Magmatic-Hydrothermal Complex: A Proxy for the Supercritical Roots of Larderello Geothermal System (Italy)

From normal to strike-slip faults during exhumation processes: the case of the eastern Elba Island (inner Northern Apennines)

New constraints on tectonism and magmatism from the eastern sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Chignahuapan Horst, Puebla, México)

Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2021

Abstract The Quaternary Acoculco ( Coevally to the Miocene NE-SW and Pliocene-Quaternary NW-SE te... more Abstract The Quaternary Acoculco ( Coevally to the Miocene NE-SW and Pliocene-Quaternary NW-SE tectonic extensional phases, NE-SW and NW-SE transfer faults were developed. NE-SW normal faults and NW-SE strike-slip faults correspond to fault systems optimally oriented with the current stress field, thus, these faults can be considered as potentially active structures controlling magma emplacement and the distribution of volcanic structures at the surface.

Spectrophotometry and pharmaceutical PAT/RTRT: Practical challenges and regulatory landscape from development to product lifecycle

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2021

European Pharmacopoeia includes dedicated chapters for Raman, NIR and Chemometrics, as well as th... more European Pharmacopoeia includes dedicated chapters for Raman, NIR and Chemometrics, as well as there is a lot of Academia research on the matter. Despite that, the word innovation is often associated to such tools and there is a still slow implementation at industry. The paper is the outcome of the Associazione Farmaceutici dell'Industria (AFI) Study Group on Process Innovation and Product Lifecycle; the aim is to describe some case studies referring to practical approaches in pharmaceutical industry, in order to depict challenges and opportunities for the implementation of spectroscopic techniques. Case studies include: feasibility and pre-screening evaluations, chemometric model development approaches, way for the method maintenance during commercial manufacturing, challenges for implementation on existing equipment and on sterile processes. Case studies refer to oral solid products, liquid products and sterile Active Pharmaceutical Ingradient (API) manufacturing. There are already successful and robust spectroscopic applications in pharmaceutical industry and the technology is mature: this is the outcome of a strong applied research performed at pharmaceutical production departments. It is necessary to acknowledge efforts done by industry as Research for strengthening the cooperation with Academia, so that advantage of process innovation might reach the patients in a fastest way.

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Geogenic CO2 flux calculations from the Late Pleistocene Tivoli travertines (Acque Albule Basin, Tivoli, Central Italy)

Italian Journal of Geosciences, 2020

The Lapis Tiburtinus travertine of the Acque Albule Basin (Tivoli, Central Italy) is a well-known... more The Lapis Tiburtinus travertine of the Acque Albule Basin (Tivoli, Central Italy) is a well-known travertine deposit composed by 10 units separated by unconformity surfaces. This travertine deposition is related to CO2 degassing of thermal waters circulating in deep carbonate-sulphate reservoirs. Since for each mole of calcite precipitated by groundwater, one mole of CO is degassing to the atmosphere, the volumes of travertine deposits 2 can be used as an indirect proxy of the amount of CO2 degassed during travertine deposition.In the present work the volumes of the different travertine units and the cumulative amount of CO2 degassed per depositional unit (FCO2, which range between 1.56×108 mol a-1 to 5.93×108 mol a-1) have been computed. Furthermore, the fluxes of carbon dioxide per unit area (φCO2) were computed and compared to the δ18O curve and pollen data.The computed CO2 fluxes, range between 7.11×105 mol a-1 km-2 and 2.70×106 mol a-1 km-2. These values are minimum estimations of the deep CO2 degassing processes because of dissolution and erosion processes and possible CO2 loss from thermal water before their emergence at springs as well as because only the exposed travertine succession was used as proxy for the entire succession. The comparison of the CO2 flux data with the δ18O curve and pollen data shows that smaller variations in carbon dioxide flux are related to changes in climatic conditions, while greater variations are probably caused by the increase of the deep CO2 degassing process of the Acque Albule hydrothermal system, which is, in turn, relate to the activity of Colli Albani volcanic system.

Cold subduction zone in northern Calabria (Italy) revealed by lawsonite–clinopyroxene blueschists

Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 2020

Lawsonite blueschists are important markers of cold subduction zones, subjected to intense fluid ... more Lawsonite blueschists are important markers of cold subduction zones, subjected to intense fluid circulation. This is because lawsonite preservation in exhumed blueschists and eclogites is typically linked to cold exhumation paths, accompanied by hydration. In the Catena Costiera (Calabria, southern Italy), lawsonite–clinopyroxene blueschists of the Diamante–Terranova Unit, affected by ductile shearing and retrogression, are exposed. Blueschists contain zoned clinopyroxene crystals, showing core–rim compositional variation from diopside to omphacite and hosting primary inclusions of lawsonite and titanite. Thermodynamic modelling of phase equilibria in the NCKFMASHTO system revealed peak metamorphic conditions of 2.0–2.1 GPa and 475–490°C for the Alpine subduction in Calabria. The subsequent post‐peak metamorphic evolution mainly proceeded along a decompression and cooling path up to ~1.1 GPa and ~380°C. The final exhumation stages are recorded in the sheared blueschists where a myl...

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Geological features of Larderello-Travale and Mt. Amiata geothermal areas (southern Tuscany, Italy)

Episodes, 2003

This paper summarises the geological features of the Larderello-Travale and Monte Amiata areas, w... more This paper summarises the geological features of the Larderello-Travale and Monte Amiata areas, where the world's most ancient exploited geothermal fields are located. In both geothermal areas, three regional tectonostratigraphic elements are distinguished, from the top: (a) Late Miocene-Pliocene and Quaternary, continental to marine sediments; (b) the Ligurian and Sub-Ligurian complexes, which include remnants of the Jurassic oceanic realm and of the transitional area to the Adriatic margin, respectively; (c) the Tuscan Unit (Tuscan Nappe), composed of sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Late Triassic to Early Miocene. The substratum of the Larderello and Monte Amiata areas is referred to as the Tuscan Metamorphic Complex. This is mainly known through drilling of geothermal wells. This complex is composed of two metamorphic units: the upper Monticiano-Roccastrada Unit and the lower Gneiss Complex. The Monticiano-Roccastrada Unit consists of (from top to bottom): the Verrucano Group, the Phyllite-Quartzite Group and the Micaschist Group. The Gneiss Complex consists only of pre-Alpine polymetamorphic gneiss. The Tuscan Metamorphic Complex is affected by contact metamorphism by Plio-Quaternary granitoids and their dyke swarms. Hydrothermal phenomena still occur in both geothermal fields. The Larderello-Travale and Mt. Amiata geothermal fields are located in the inner Northern Apennines, in an area that has been subject to extension since the ?Early-Middle Miocene. Two main extensional events are well expressed in the structures of the geothermal areas. The first extensional event (?Early-Middle Miocene) determined the tectonic delamination of the Ligurian Units and Tuscan Nappe. The second extensional event (Late Miocene-Present) is characterized by high-angle normal faults bounding the Neogene tectonic depressions of southern Tuscany.

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Evaluating the geogenic CO2 flux from geothermal areas by analysing quaternary travertine masses. New data from western central Italy and review of previous CO2 flux data

Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019

Quantification of carbon fluxes between solid Earth and its atmosphere is necessary to understand... more Quantification of carbon fluxes between solid Earth and its atmosphere is necessary to understand the global geological carbon cycle. Some of the main CO 2 contributors are metamorphism and magmaticmantle degassing. CO 2 is discharged from active and quiescent volcanoes, fault zones, geothermal systems and CO 2 rich groundwater. Here a new method for the estimation of the geogenic flux of CO 2 from tectonically active regions, based on the volume, composition and age of travertine deposits, is proposed. The method is applied to the travertine deposits of western Central Italy where travertine deposition is driven by degassing of CO 2 charged groundwater. Results show that the study areas are characterized, since Middle Pleistocene, by diffuse CO 2 degassing processes with time averaged CO 2 fluxes ranging between 1.24 ± 0.12 10 6 mol y À1 km À2 and 1.38 ± 0.42 10 6 mol y À1 km À2. These values are of the same order of magnitude of carbon dioxide fluxes measured by different methods in western central Italy and are higher than the global baseline CO 2 flux from high heat flow regions. The review of the available 234 U/ 230 Th and 14 C data shows that the CO 2 degassing processes that affects western Central Italy nowadays were already active at least 350 Ka ago, proving that this region is a globally relevant case for the study of Earth degassing. Considering the widespread occurrence of travertine deposits in tectonically active areas worldwide, the proposed approach can be used as a reliable tool to estimate the CO 2 flux in different geodynamic settings within system Earth.

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