Serakup Soviet
Serakup Republik Sosialis Soviet
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|---|---|
| 1922–1991 | |
 Flag
(1955–1991) .svg) State Emblem
(1956–1991) | |
| Rambai jaku: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! "Workers of the world, unite!" | |
Anthem:
| |
.svg) The Soviet Union during the Cold War | |
| Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai | Moscow 55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E |
| Jaku resmi | Russian[lower-alpha 2] |
| Jaku pelilih menua ti diaku | |
| Raban bansa (1989) |
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| Pengarap |
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| Demonim | Soviet |
| Perintah | Federal communist state |
| Leader | |
• 1922–1924 (first) | Vladimir Lenin[lower-alpha 4] |
• 1924–1953 | Joseph Stalin[lower-alpha 5] |
• 1953[lower-alpha 7] | Georgy Malenkov[lower-alpha 6][2][3][4][5] |
• 1953–1964 | Nikita Khrushchev[lower-alpha 8] |
• 1964–1982 | Leonid Brezhnev[lower-alpha 9] |
• 1982–1984 | Yuri Andropov |
• 1984–1985 | Konstantin Chernenko |
• 1985–1991 (last) | Mikhail Gorbachev[lower-alpha 10] |
| Head of State | |
• 1922–1946 (first) | Mikhail Kalinin[lower-alpha 11] |
| Premier | |
• 1922–1924 (first) | Vladimir Lenin[lower-alpha 12] |
• 1991 (last) | Ivan Silayev[lower-alpha 13] |
| Aum Kaunsil |
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| Historical era | |
| 7 November 1917 | |
| 30 December 1922 | |
| 31 January 1924 | |
| 5 December 1936 | |
| 1939–1940 | |
| 1941–1945 | |
| 25 February 1956 | |
| 9 October 1977 | |
| 1988–1991 | |
| 19–22 August 1991 | |
| 8 December 1991[lower-alpha 15] | |
| 26 December 1991[lower-alpha 16] | |
| Menua | |
• Pemesai | 22,402,200 km2 (8,649,500 bt2) (1st) |
• Ai | 2,767,198 km2 (1,068,421 bt2) |
• Ai (%) | 12.3 |
| Penyampau tubuh | |
• 1989 census |  286,730,819[6] (3rd) |
• Pemayuh tubuh | 12.7/km2 (32.9/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 1990 estimate |
• Total | $2.7 trillion[lower-alpha 17] (2nd) |
• Per capita | $9,000 |
| GDP (nominal) | 1990 estimate |
• Total | $2.7 trillion[lower-alpha 18][7] (2nd) |
• Per capita | $9,000 (28th) |
| Gini (1989) | 0.275 low |
| HDI (1990 formula) | 0.920[8] very high |
| Mata duit | Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) |
| Zon jam | (UTC+2 to +12) |
| Tisi deriba | right |
| Kod talipaun | +7 |
| Kod ISO 3166 | SU |
| TLD Internet | .su[lower-alpha 19] |
With the exception of the CIS – an intergovernmental organization and legal successor to the union itself – only states that are former Soviet republics, now members of the United Nations, are listed as successors. | |
Serakup Republik Sosialis Soviet (USSR), suah dikelala enggau nama Serakup Soviet, iya nya sebengkah menua meraka benua ti mungkur mayuh endur Eurasia ari taun 1922 nyentukka iya direrak dalam taun 1991. Sekumbang iya bisi, iya nyadi menua ti pemadu besai nitihka pemesai menua enggau sebelas iti zon jam lalu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau dua belas bengkah menua, sereta nyadi menua ketiga ke ngundan mayuh mensia. Penganti selampur Empayar Rusia, iya diatur enggau nama nyadi gerempung perintah besai republik nasional, ke pemadu besai sereta pemadu mayuh mensia iya nya SFSR Rusia. Dalam praktikal, perintah enggau ekonomi iya balat bepusat. Sebengkah menua ke bisi siti parti ke dipegai Parti Komunis Serakup Soviet (CPSU), iya nyadi menua komunis ke nyadi perdana. Indu nengeri enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai iya nya Moscow.
Nota
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ For names of the Soviet Union in other official languages, see Official names of the Soviet Union.
- ↑ De facto, legally since 1990. Constituent republics had the right to declare their own regional languages.
- ↑ The name used for the Romanian language
- ↑ As chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.
- ↑ As General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (then the Council of Ministers).
- ↑ As chairman of the Council of Ministers.
- ↑ March–September.
- ↑ As First Secretary of the Communist Party and chairman of the Council of Ministers
- ↑ As General Secretary of the Communist Party.
- ↑ As General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of the Soviet Union.
- ↑ As Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, then as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.
- ↑ As Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union and Russian SFSR.
- ↑ As Chairman of the Committee on the Operational Management of the Soviet Economy.
- ↑ Unicameral.
- ↑ The Alma-Ata Protocol was signed by the remaining 11 of 12 republics on 21 December 1991.
- ↑ Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law (dalam jaku Rusia).
- ↑ Statistics surrounding Soviet GDP are only estimates as the Soviet Union did not use Gross Domestic Product or Gross National Product to measure its economy until 1990, before which it utilised a system known as the Material Product System
- ↑ Statistics surrounding Soviet GDP are only estimates as the Soviet Union did not use Gross Domestic Product or Gross National Product to measure its economy until 1990, before which it utilised a system known as the Material Product System
- ↑ Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.
Kereban sanding
[edit | edit bunsu]- ↑ Schiffman, H. (19 November 2002). "Language Policy in the former Soviet Union". University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024.
- ↑ "Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov | Stalin's successor, Cold War leader | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 11 July 2025.
- ↑ Little, Becky (10 March 2022). "Soviet Union Leaders: A Timeline". HISTORY.
- ↑ "The Fall of the Soviet Union | CES at UNC". europe.unc.edu.
- ↑ "RUSSIA: The Man in Charge | TIME".
- ↑ Almanaque Mundial 1996, Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pp. 548–552 (Demografía/Biometría table).
- ↑ "GDP – Million – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 1990" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. January 1990. p. 111. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2020.