Parchaar

Parchaar (Propaganda) jaankari hae jon ki biased hae. Isme jaakari ke ii rakam se dewa jaae hae ki log koir rakam ke baat ke biswas kare lage. Isme josiila sabd ke kaam me laae ke log ke utsaawa jaawe hae. ^[1] Parchaar ke dher rakam ke context me paawa jaawe hae.^[2]

Twentieth century ke suruu se, English sabd propaganda ke manipulation se associate kare jaae laga, jab itihaas me iske matlab uu koi chij rahaa jon jon koi rakam ke biswas ke promote kare hae. ^[1]

Dher rakam ke media ke kaam me laae ke parchaar ke sandes ke janata talak pahunchaawa jaawe hae, jisme hae chhaapa, cartoons, parchaa,^[3] pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, aur websites. Abhi jaldi se, digital age ke kaaran nawaa rakam se parchaar ke sandes janata talak phunchaawa jaae hae, jime hae bots aur algorithms ke kaam me laae ke janata ke biswas ke hera-feri karaa jaawe he, jaise e.g., by creating fake nai to biased news ke kaam me laae ke faelaawa jaawe hae aur chatbots ke kaam me laae ke discussions social networks me kaam me laawa jaae hae.

Naam

English me Propaganda ek aadhmik Latin sabd hae, jiske matlab 'faelaao' nai to 'aur paida karo' hae, tab parchaar ke matlab uu chij jiske jaada karaa jaae sake hae.^[4] Pahile ii sabd Catholic Church ke congregation se aais rahaa, jiske 1622 me banaawa gais rahaa .^[5]^[6] Its activity was aimed at "propagating" the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.^[5]

1790s se, ii sabd ke Church se bahaar kaam me laae jaae lagaa rahaa.^[5] In English, the cognate began taking a pejorative or negative connotation in the mid-19th century, when it was used in the political sphere.^[5]

References

1 2 Smith, Bruce L. (17 February 2016). "Propaganda". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
↑ Hobbs, Renee (2020). Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age. New York: W.W. Norton.
↑ Gibson, Stephanie (2008-06-01). "Display folk: Second World War posters at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" (in en). Tuhinga 19: 7–27. doi:10.3897/tuhinga.19.e34165. ISSN 2253-5861. https://tuhinga.arphahub.com/article/34165/.
↑ "propaganda, n." Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. December 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
1 2 3 4 Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011-08-12) (in en). Strategic Public Relations: An Audience-Focused Approach. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-63706-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA48.
↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 6 March 2015.

[brit_BLS-1] 1 2 Smith, Bruce L. (17 February 2016). "Propaganda". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 23 April 2016.

[Hobbs2020-2] Hobbs, Renee (2020). Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education for a Digital Age. New York: W.W. Norton.

[3] Gibson, Stephanie (2008-06-01). "Display folk: Second World War posters at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" (in en). Tuhinga 19: 7–27. doi:10.3897/tuhinga.19.e34165. ISSN 2253-5861. https://tuhinga.arphahub.com/article/34165/.

[4] "propaganda, n." Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. December 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

[Diggs-Brown2011p48-5] 1 2 3 4 Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011-08-12) (in en). Strategic Public Relations: An Audience-Focused Approach. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-534-63706-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=7c0ycySng4YC&pg=PA48.

[6] "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 6 March 2015.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]