Harvey Milk
 Harvey Milk | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Harvey Bernard Milk |
| Haihuwa |
Woodmere (en)  , 22 Mayu 1930 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni | San Francisco |
| Harshen uwa | Turanci |
| Mutuwa | San Francisco, 27 Nuwamba, 1978 |
| Makwanci |
San Francisco Columbarium (en) |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
kisan kai (gunshot wound (en) ) |
| Killed by |
Dan White (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Bay Shore High School (en) State University of New York at Albany (en) (1947 - 1951) : Lissafi |
| Harsuna | Turanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa, naval officer (en) , Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam da LGBTQ rights activist (en) |
| Employers |
George W. Hewlett High School (en) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
| Aikin soja | |
| Fannin soja |
United States Navy (en) |
| Digiri |
lieutenant junior grade (mul) |
| Ya faɗaci |
Korean War (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Yahudanci |
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Democratic Party (en) |
| IMDb | nm0587548 |
| harveymilk.com | |
.svg){kind=small}
Harvey Bernard Milk (Mayu 2230 - Nuwamba 27, 1930 - Baƙon dan siyasar Amurka ne kuma na farko da aka fara zabe mutum a cikin kwamitin masu duba.
Milk da aka haifeshi kuma ya tashi a New York. Ya yarda da luwadi a kan samartaka amma a asirce dangantakar jima'i da kyau cikin zuriyarta. Kamfanoni na shekarun 1960 ya sa shi ya nuna yawancin ra'ayoyinsa game da 'yanci game da' yanci da magana ta jima'i. Milk ya koma San Francisco a 1972 kuma ya buɗe shagon kamara. Kodayake ya riƙe wani ɓangare da yawa da aka canza adireshin Castro, ya zauna a cikin Castro, wata unguwa da ke fuskantar shige da fice da 'yar lesbians. Ya yi tafiya don mai duba gari a shekarar 1973, amma amma kafafun siyasar gay sun yi masa wannan. An gwada kamfen madara saboda halayensa, yana samun kulawa da kafofin watsa labarai da kuri'u, duk da cewa bai isa ba za a zaɓa. Ya sake kamawa a zaben mai duba biyu na gaba, wanda ya sa kansa "magajin garin Castro Street". Amincewa da ya sa ya sa ya sa shi ya kuma yi don taron majalisar jihar California. Sakamakon shahararren sa, ya jagoranci kungiyar haƙƙin luwaɗi a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe a kan yalwacin shirye-shiryen anti-gay. An zabi madara mai kula da birni a cikin 1977 bayan San Francisco ya fara zabi wakilan yankuna maimakon biranen gari.[1] A yayin watanni goma sha ɗaya a ofis, ya tallafawa hana nuna wariya dangane da zangon jima'i a cikin masauki na jama'a, gidaje, da aiki. Masu kula da su da masu kula sun wuce lissafin ta hanyar kuri'ar da aka kara zuwa, da kuma magajin garin George Moscone ya sanya hannu kan shi cikin shari'a. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 1978, an kashe madara da fari, tsohuwar mai duba birni wacce ta jefa kuri'un da Biyan kuɗin da Bill na Bill.
Duk da gajeriyar aikin siyasa, madara ta zama gunki a San Francisco da kuma shahidi a cikin garin LGBTQ da aka kira shi a cikin Amurka ".[2] Anne Kronenberg, kocinsa na karshe, mai kula da shi: "Me ya sa ba ya bayar da kyautar gaskiya a cikinsa na gaske a shekara ta 2009.[3]
Rayuwar baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi madara harvey Bernard a cikin Birnin New York Birth of WoodMe, zuwa William Milk da Minerva Karnns. Shine ƙaramin ɗan Litvak iyaye da jikan madara Morris, mai siyarwa na sashen[4][5] wanda ya taimaka wajen tsara majami'ar farko a yankin.[6] Wanda ya taimaka wajen tsara majami'ar farko a yankin.[7] Tunda yaro, an zazzage madara da presured kunnuwansa, manya, da kuma sanya ƙafafun kafa, kuma a kula da grab a matsayin wawa. Yayin da yake makaranta, ya buga wasan kwallon kafa kuma ya bunkasa sha'awar wasan Opera. A karkashin sunansa a cikin babbar makarantar sakandare, ya karanta, madara mai haske-kuma sun ce mata ba sa yin asara ga kalmomi "[8]
Milk ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Wakilin Bay a cikin Worke, New York, a shekarar 1947 kuma sun halarci kwalejin jihar Newy (yanzu jami'ar jihar New York a Albany) daga lissafi.[9] Ya kuma rubuta wa jaridar kwaleji. Wani aji ya tuna, "bai taba tunanin matsayin abin da ka yi kira gare su ba to shi mutum ne mutumin".[10]
Farkon aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan kammala karatun, madara ta shiga cikin sojojin Amurka yayin yakin Koriya. Ya yi aiki da jirgin ruwan Jirgin ruwa mai jigilar jirgin ruwa (ASR-13) a matsayin jami'in Ragu. Att daga baya ya canza zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa, San Diego don zama malami mai koyar da ruwa.[11] A cikin 1955, ya yi murabus daga sojojin ruwa a cikin matsayi na Lieɓawa, Junior Cortreauke Don karɓar "sakin" maimakon zama a kotu maimakon zama na luwadi.[12][13][14]
Milk na farkon aiki ya yiwa alama ta hanyar canje-canje akai-akai; A cikin shekaru daga baya zai yi murna da magana game da metamorphosis nasa daga yaron yahudawa. Ya fara koyarwa a George W. hewlett babbar makaranta a kan Tsibirin Dogland.[15] A cikin 1956, ya hadu da Joe Campbell a Bacob RIs Bacob na Bacob, sanannen wuri don maza masu gay a cikin sarakuna. Milk da aka bi campbell mai so. Milk gaba ya ci gaba da rubuta bayanan kula da zango da waƙoƙi bayan sun koma tare.[16] Neman sauyin yanayi tare da m winters, madara da kuma Campbell sun bar New York a 1957 kuma sun koma Dallas, Texas; Bayan sun yi ƙoƙari su sami aikin yi kuma sun yi rashin jin dadinsa da yanayin zamantakewar birni idan aka kwatanta da New York, sun koma na ƙarshen.[17] A cikin New York, madara ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na gwamnati a cikin tsibirin Long Island sannan kuma muzalta hannun jari a Manhattan.[18] A shekara ta 1961, Campbell da madara rabu bayan kusan shekara shida.[19][20]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Milk was described as a martyr by news outlets as early as 1979, by biographer Randy Shilts in 1982, and University of San Francisco professor Peter Novak in 2003. United Press International [October 15, 1979]; printed in the Edmonton Journal, p. B10; Skelton, Nancy; Stein, Mark [October 22, 1985]. S.F. Assassin Dan White Kills Himself, Los Angeles Times, Retrieved on February 3, 2012.; Shilts, p. 348; Nolte, Carl [November 26, 2003]. "City Hall Slayings: 25 Years Later", San Francisco Chronicle, p. A-1.
- ↑ Smith and Haider-Markel, p. 204
- ↑ Leyland, p. 37.
- ↑ Harvey Bernard Milk". Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
- ↑ Harvey Bernard Milk." Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 10: 1976–1980. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1995. OCLC 246015714
- ↑ Shilts, R. (2008). The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk (Kindle Edition) (1st ed., p. 30). St. Martin's Griffin
- ↑ Shilts, p. 4
- ↑ Shilts, p. 9.
- ↑ Harvey Milk, '51: From Intramural Athlete to Civil Rights Icon". University at Albany, SUNY. March 2, 2009. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
- ↑ Shilts, p. 14
- ↑ Harvey Bernard Milk". Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
- ↑ Naval records indicate SF library's Milk discharge paperwork a fake", by Matthew S. Bajko, Bay Area Reporter, February 12, 2020. Archived November 7, 2021, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ The Navy made Harvey Milk resign for being gay. Now they're going to name a ship after him", by Marisa Iati, The Washington Post, December 15, 2019. Archived September 26, 2021, at the Wayback Machine".
- ↑ While Milk said numerous times that he was dishonorably discharged and claimed it was because he was gay, for a number of years this claim was doubted. For example, his biographer Randy Shilts was skeptical of this claim, stating: "The Harvey Milk of this era was no political activist, and according to available evidence, he played the more typical balancing act between discretion and his sex drive." In addition, the Harvey Milk Archives-Scott Smith Collection included a photocopy of what appeared to be Milk's honorable discharge paperwork from the U.S. Navy. However, a records request from the U.S. Navy revealed that he did indeed receive an "other than honorable" discharge and was forced to resign for being gay. It appears Milk forged the discharge papers now in his archives in order to be employed after leaving the service.
- ↑ Chan, Sewell (February 20, 2009) "Film Evokes Memories for Milk's Relatives", The New York Times. Archived October 14, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 22, 2010
- ↑ Shilts p. 20
- ↑ Harvey Milk: Messenger of Hope, p. 6
- ↑ "Historical Note", The Harvey Milk Papers: Susan Davis Alch Collection (1956–1962) Archived August 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (PDF), San Francisco Public Library . Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
- ↑ Shilts, pp. 24–29
- ↑ (1963, November 4). Lanvale St. Boy Missing. The Morning Herald, Hagerstown, Maryland, Vol. XCI(No. 260), p. 2.