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<!DOCTYPE html>

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<title>API Creation - Full Stack Python</title>

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<h1>API Creation</h1>

<p>Creating and exposing APIs allows your web application to interact with other

applications through machine-to-machine communication.</p>

<h2>API creation frameworks</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/">Django REST framework</a> and

<a href="https://django-tastypie.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Tastypie</a> are

the two most widely used API frameworks to use with Django. The edge

currently goes to Django REST framework based on rough community sentiment.

Django REST framework continues to knock out great releases after the

<a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/3.0-announcement/">3.0 release mark</a>

when Tom Christie ran a

<a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tomchristie/django-rest-framework-3">successful Kickstarter campaign</a>.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://flask-restful.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Flask-RESTful</a> is

widely used for creating web APIs with Flask. It was originally

<a href="https://www.twilio.com/engineering/2012/10/18/open-sourcing-flask-restful">open sourced and explained in a blog post by Twilio</a>

then moved into its

<a href="https://github.com/flask-restful/flask-restful">own GitHub organization</a>

so engineers from outside the company could be core contributors.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.flaskapi.org/">Flask API</a> is another common library for

exposing APIs from Flask web applications.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.github.com/jeffknupp/sandman">Sandman</a> is a widely used tool to

automatically generate a RESTful API service from a legacy database without

writing a line of code (though it's easily extensible through code).</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://cornice.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Cornice</a> is a REST framework

for Pyramid.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://github.com/toastdriven/restless">Restless</a> is a lightweight API

framework that aims to be framework agnostic. The general concept is that

you can use the same API code for Django, Flask, Bottle, Pyramid or any

other WSGI framework with minimal porting effort.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://python-eve.org/">Eve</a> is a Python REST framework built with Flask,

MongoDB and Redis. The framework's primary author

<a href="https://twitter.com/nicolaiarocci">Nicola Iarocci</a> gave a great talk at

<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sUsLvG72_o">EuroPython 2014</a> that

introduced the main features of the framework.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://falconframework.org/">Falcon</a> is a fast and lightweight framework

well suited to create RESTful APIs. </p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://github.com/timothycrosley/hug">Hug</a> built on-top of Falcon and Python3 with an aim to make developing Python driven APIs as simple as possible, but no simpler. Hug leverages Python3 annotations to automatically validate and convert incoming and outgoing API parameters.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://pycnic.nullism.com">Pycnic</a> is a JSON-API-only framework designed

with REST in mind. </p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>API testing projects</h2>

<p>Building, running and maintaining APIs requires as much effort as building,

running and maintaining a web application. API testing frameworks are the

equivalent of browser testing in the web application world.</p>

<ul>

<li><a href="https://github.com/zatosource/zato-apitest">zato-apitest</a> invokes HTTP

APIs and provides hooks for running through other testing frameworks.</li>

</ul>

<h2>Hosted API testing services</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="https://www.runscope.com/">Runscope</a> is an API testing SaaS application

that can test both your own APIs and external APIs that your application

relies upon.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://www.apiscience.com/">API Science</a> is focused on deep API testing,

including multi-step API calls and monitoring of external APIs.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://smartbear.com/api-testing/">SmartBear</a> has several API monitoring

and testing tools for APIs.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>API creation resources</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="https://rocketeer.be/blog/2015/03/api-quality/">An API is only as good as its documentation</a>

is a strongly held mantra in the web API world because so many APIs have

poor documentation that prevents ease-of-use. If an API is not well

documented then developers who have options to use something else will

just skip it.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.cambus.net/adventures-in-running-a-free-public-api/">Adventures in running a free, public API</a>

is a quick story of a developer's geolocation API being abused and his

lack of resources for preventing further abuse. Eventually he had to shut

down the free plan and only provide a paid plan in addition to allowing

others to host the open source code. Fraud and malware prevention are

difficult problems so keep an eye on server utilization and endpoint calls

growth to separate legitimate from illegitimate traffic. </p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://apidocjs.com/">API Doc JS</a> allows a developer to embed markup

in their documentation that will generate a site based on the endpoints

available in the API.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jmusser/ten-reasons-developershateyourapi">10 Reasons Why Developers Hate Your API (And what to do about it)</a>

goes through the top difficulties and annoyances developers face when

working with APIs and how you can avoid your API falling into the same

traps.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Versioning of RESTful APIs is a difficult and contentious topic in the

web API community. This two-part series covers

<a href="http://urthen.github.io/2013/05/09/ways-to-version-your-api/">various ways to version your API</a>

and <a href="http://urthen.github.io/2013/05/16/ways-to-version-your-api-part-2/">how to architect a version-less API</a>.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.narwhl.com/">NARWHL</a> is a practical API design site for

developers confused about what is appropriate for RESTful APIs.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://18f.gsa.gov/">18F</a>'s

<a href="https://github.com/18f/api-standards">API standards</a> explains the details

behind their design decisions on creating modern RESTful APIs.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://medium.com/@zwacky/design-a-beautiful-rest-api-901c73489458">Design a beautiful REST API</a>

reviews common design decisions regarding endpoints, versioning, errors and

pagination. There is also a

<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WXYw4J4QOU">source material YouTube video</a>

where this blog post derives its recommendations from.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://amberonrails.com/move-fast-dont-break-your-api/">Move Fast, Don't Break Your API</a>

are slides and a detailed blog post from Amber Feng at Stripe about

building an API, separating layers of responsibility, hiding backwards

compatibility and a whole slew of other great advice for developers

and API designers.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.bizcoder.com/self-descriptive-isn-t-don-t-assume-anything">Self-descriptive, isn't. Don't assume anything.</a>

is an appeal that metadata makes a difference in whether APIs are descriptive

or not.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://artsy.github.io/blog/2014/09/12/designing-the-public-artsy-api/">Designing the Artsy API</a>

has their recommendations list for building an API based on their recent

experiences.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://bourgeois.me/rest/">Some REST Best Practices</a> is a high level

summary of rules to follow while creating your API.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Hacker News had a discussion on

<a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8912897">what's the best way to write an API spec?</a>

that provides a few different viewpoints on this topic.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://pages.apigee.com/rs/apigee/images/api-design-ebook-2012-03.pdf">Apigee's Web API Design ebook</a>

is free and contains a wealth of practical advice for what design

decisions to make for your web API.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://developers.lyst.com/2015/02/20/1-to-1-relationships-and-subresources-in-rest-apis/">1-to-1 Relationships and Subresources in REST APIs</a>

tells the story of design decisions that were made during an API's creation

and why those choices were made.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://blogs.dropbox.com/developers/2015/04/how-many-http-status-codes-should-your-api-use/">How many status codes does your API need?</a>

gives an answer from a Dropbox API developer as to their decision making

process.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>This <a href="https://github.com/interagent/http-api-design">API Design Guide</a>

is based on Heroku's best practices for the platform's API.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>Python-specific API creation resources</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="http://pydanny.com/choosing-an-api-framework-for-django.html">Choosing an API framework for Django</a>

by <a href="https://twitter.com/pydanny">PyDanny</a> contains questions and insight

into what makes a good API framework and which one you should currently

choose for Django.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://realpython.com/blog/python/create-a-rest-api-in-minutes-with-pyramid-and-ramses/">Create a REST API in Minutes with Pyramid and Ramses</a>

is a thorough tutorial from start to finish that uses the

<a href="/pyramid.html">Pyramid</a> web framework along with

<a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ramses/">Ramses</a>, a library that uses

YAML files to generate a RESTful API.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/Solution4Future/python-restful-webservices-with-python-flask-and-django-solutions">RESTful web services with Python</a>

is an interesting overview of the Python API frameworks space.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://blog.luisrei.com/articles/flaskrest.html">Implementing a RESTful Web API with Python & Flask</a>

is a good walkthrough for coding a Flask app that provides standard

web API functionality such as proper HTTP responses, authentication

and logging.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://resthooks.org/">REST Hooks</a> is an open source Python project that

makes it easier to implement subscription-based "REST hooks". These REST

hooks are similar to webhooks, but provide a different mechanism for

subscribing to updates via a REST interface. Both REST hooks and webhooks

are far more efficient than polling for updates and notifications.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Serialization is common for transforming objects into web API JSON

results. One company found the serialization performance of Django REST

framework was lacking so they created

<a href="https://github.com/clarkduvall/serpy">Serpy</a> and

<a href="https://engineering.betterworks.com/2015/09/04/ditching-django-rest-framework-serializers-for-serpy/">wrote a blog post with the results of its performance</a>.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://engineering.gosquared.com/building-better-api-docs">Building better API docs</a>

shows how Square used Swagger with React to create more helpful docs.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>Django REST Framework resources</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p>This multi-part series on

<a href="http://engineroom.trackmaven.com/blog/getting-started-drf-angularjs-part-1/">getting started with Django REST framework and AngularJS (part 1)</a>

along with its <a href="http://engineroom.trackmaven.com/blog/getting-started-drf-angularjs-part-2/">second part</a>

do a good job of showing how a RESTful API can serve as the backend for

a client front end built with a JavaScript MVC framework.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>If you're looking for a working example of a Django REST

framework project, check out the

<a href="https://github.com/phalt/pokeapi">PokeAPI</a>, open sourced under the BSD

license.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>API creation learning checklist</h2>

<ol>

<li>

<p>Pick an API framework appropriate for your web framework. For Django I

recommend Django REST framework and for Flask I recommend Flask-RESTful.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Begin by building out a simple use case for the API. Generally the use

case will either involve data that users want in a machine-readable

format or a backend for alternative clients such as an iOS or Android

mobile app.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Add an authentication mechanism through OAuth or a token scheme.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Add rate limiting to the API if data usage volume could be a performance

issue. Also add basic metrics so you can determine how often the API is

being accessed and whether it is performing properly.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Provide ample documentation and a walkthrough for how the API can be

accessed and used.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p>Figure out other use cases and expand based on what you learned with the

initial API use case.</p>

</li>

</ol>

<h3>What's next after building an API for your project?</h3>

<p class="under-btn">What are web application programming interfaces (APIs)?</p> </div>

</div>

<p class="under-btn">How do I integrate existing web APIs into my application?</p> </div>

</div>

<p class="under-btn">Show me a list of the best Python learning resources.</p> </div>

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<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Table of Contents</a></h3>

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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Learning Programming</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Why Use Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Python 2 or 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Enterprise Python</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Resources</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Best Python Videos</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Generators</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Comprehensions</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Frameworks</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Other Web Frameworks</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Design</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Template Engines</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Application Security</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Site Generators</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Relational Databases</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>NoSQL Data Stores</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Object-relational Mappers</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>SQLite</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Integration</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>API Creation</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Servers</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Platform-as-a-Service</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Operating Systems</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Servers</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>WSGI Servers</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Source Control</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Application Dependencies</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Static Content</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Task Queues</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Configuration Management</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Continuous Integration</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Logging</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Monitoring</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Web Analytics</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Docker</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Caching</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Microservices</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>DevOps</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Nginx</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Apache HTTP Server</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Caddy</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Unit Testing</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Integration Testing</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Code Metrics</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Debugging</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Bots</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left: 27px;'>About the Author</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>

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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">API Creation</h3></div>

Major updates are tweeted via

<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>.

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Need more detailed tutorials than you see here?

<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">Learn more about The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book.</a>

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<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>

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<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. Introduction</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. Development Environments</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. Core Language</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web Development</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. Data</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a> <a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» API Creation</a>

<a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. Deployment</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. Testing</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>

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</div></div></div>

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<p class="banner"><a href="https://www.gumroad.com/l/python-deployments" style="color: #fff">Learning web development? Check out The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments book</a>!</p>

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<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>

2016

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