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| 1 | +<h1 style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #00AF9B;">374. 猜数字大小</span> </h1> |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +### 🚀 LeetCode |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +<base target="_blank"> |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +<span style="color: #00AF9B;">**Easy**</span> [**https://leetcode.cn/problems/guess-number-higher-or-lower/**](https://leetcode.cn/problems/guess-number-higher-or-lower/) |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +--- |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +### ❓ Description |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +<br/> |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +我们正在玩猜数字游戏。猜数字游戏的规则如下: |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +我会从 `1` 到 `n` 随机选择一个数字。请你猜选出的是哪个数字。 |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +如果你猜错了,我会告诉你,我选出的数字比你猜测的数字大了还是小了。 |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +你可以通过调用一个预先定义好的接口 `int guess(int num)` 来获取猜测结果, |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +返回值一共有三种可能的情况: |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +* `-1`:你猜的数字比我选出的数字大(即 `num > pick`)。 |
| 26 | +* `1`:你猜的数字比我选出的数字小(即 `num < pick`)。 |
| 27 | +* `0`:你猜的数字与我选出的数字相等(即 `num == pick`)。 |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +返回我选出的数字。 |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +<br/> |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +**示例 1:** |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +``` |
| 36 | +输入: n = 10, pick = 6 |
| 37 | +输出: 6 |
| 38 | +``` |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +**示例 2:** |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +``` |
| 43 | +输入: n = 1, pick = 1 |
| 44 | +输出: 1 |
| 45 | +``` |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +**示例 3:** |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +``` |
| 50 | +输入: n = 2, pick = 1 |
| 51 | +输出: 1 |
| 52 | +``` |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +<br/> |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +**提示:** |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | +* `1 <= n <= 2^31 - 1` |
| 59 | +* `1 <= pick <= n` |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +--- |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +### ❗ Solution |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +<br/> |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +#### idea |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +* 使用 <span style="color: #AF52DE;">**二分法**</span> 寻找 `pick` 的值 |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +* 使用 **闭区间** 定义 **左右边界** `[1, n]` |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +* 通过 **二分法** 选择当前猜测的数字 `mid` |
| 76 | +* 通过 `guess()` 方法判断当前猜测的数字与 `pick` 的大小关系 |
| 77 | + * 如果 `pick` <= `mid`,说明 `pick` 在 `[left, mid]` 之间 |
| 78 | + * 如果 `pick` > `mid`,说明 `pick` 在 `[mid + 1, right]` 之间 |
| 79 | +* 直到 **闭区间** 的 **左边界** `left` 和 **右边界** `right` 相等,退出循环 |
| 80 | +* 此时 `left` 就是答案 `pick` 的值 |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +<br/> |
| 83 | + |
| 84 | +#### C++ |
| 85 | + |
| 86 | +``` |
| 87 | +/** |
| 88 | + * Forward declaration of guess API. |
| 89 | + * @param num your guess |
| 90 | + * @return -1 if num is higher than the picked number |
| 91 | + * 1 if num is lower than the picked number |
| 92 | + * otherwise return 0 |
| 93 | + * int guess(int num); |
| 94 | + */ |
| 95 | +
|
| 96 | +class Solution { |
| 97 | +public: |
| 98 | + int guessNumber(int n) { |
| 99 | + int left = 1; |
| 100 | + int right = n; |
| 101 | + while (left < right) { |
| 102 | + // 因为 n 的值可能是 int 类型的最大值 2^31 - 1 |
| 103 | + // 此时 left + right 会溢出 |
| 104 | + // 所以计算中值 mid 时不能用最简单的 (left + right) / 2 |
| 105 | + int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; |
| 106 | + if (guess(mid) <= 0) { |
| 107 | + right = mid; |
| 108 | + } else { |
| 109 | + left = mid + 1; |
| 110 | + } |
| 111 | + } |
| 112 | + return left; |
| 113 | + } |
| 114 | +}; |
| 115 | +``` |
| 116 | + |
| 117 | +<br/> |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +#### Java |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +``` |
| 122 | +/** |
| 123 | + * Forward declaration of guess API. |
| 124 | + * |
| 125 | + * @param num your guess |
| 126 | + * @return -1 if num is higher than the picked number |
| 127 | + * 1 if num is lower than the picked number |
| 128 | + * otherwise return 0 |
| 129 | + * int guess(int num); |
| 130 | + */ |
| 131 | +
|
| 132 | +public class Solution extends GuessGame { |
| 133 | + public int guessNumber(int n) { |
| 134 | + int left = 1; |
| 135 | + int right = n; |
| 136 | + while (left < right) { |
| 137 | + // 因为 n 的值可能是 int 类型的最大值 2^31 - 1 |
| 138 | + // 此时 left + right 会溢出 |
| 139 | + // 所以计算中值 mid 时不能用最简单的 (left + right) / 2 |
| 140 | + int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; |
| 141 | + if (guess(mid) <= 0) { |
| 142 | + right = mid; |
| 143 | + } else { |
| 144 | + left = mid + 1; |
| 145 | + } |
| 146 | + } |
| 147 | + return left; |
| 148 | + } |
| 149 | +} |
| 150 | +``` |
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