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Knock!</span> <button data-v-59e6cb88>OK</button></label> <div class="footer" data-v-59e6cb88><span data-v-59e6cb88><i class="iconfont reco-theme" data-v-59e6cb88></i> <a target="blank" href="https://vuepress-theme-reco.recoluan.com" data-v-59e6cb88>vuePress-theme-reco</a></span> <span data-v-59e6cb88><i class="iconfont reco-copyright" data-v-59e6cb88></i> <a data-v-59e6cb88><!---->
<!---->
2025
</a></span></div></div> <div data-v-7dd95ae2><div data-v-7dd95ae2><main class="page"><section style="display:;"><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">处理校验逻辑</h1> <div data-v-8a445198><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>哪吒</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>2020/1/1</span></i> <!----> <!----></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><blockquote><p>点击勘误<a href="https://github.com/webVueBlog/JavaPlusDoc/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">issues<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，哪吒感谢大家的阅读</p></blockquote> <img align="right" width="100" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/YunYouJun/yun/images/yun-alpha-compressed.png"> <h2 id="处理校验逻辑"><a href="#处理校验逻辑" class="header-anchor">#</a> 处理校验逻辑</h2> <p>需要对请求参数进行校验，比如说非空啊、长度限制啊等等，可选的解决方案有两种：</p> <ol><li>一种是用 Hibernate Validator 来处理</li> <li>一种是用全局异常来处理</li></ol> <h2 id="一、hibernate-validator"><a href="#一、hibernate-validator" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、Hibernate Validator</h2> <p>Spring Boot 已经内置了 Hibernate Validator 校验框架，这个可以通过 Spring Boot 官网查看和确认。</p> <p>第一步，进入 Spring Boot 官网，点击 learn 这个面板，点击参考文档。</p> <h2 id="第二步-在参考文档页点击「依赖的版本」。"><a href="#第二步-在参考文档页点击「依赖的版本」。" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第二步，在参考文档页点击「依赖的版本」。</h2> <p>第三步，在依赖版本页就可以查看到所有的依赖了，包括版本号。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code><dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.0.17.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
</code></pre></div><p>通过 Hibernate Validator 校验框架，我们可以直接在请求参数的字段上加入注解来完成校验。</p> <h2 id="具体该怎么做呢"><a href="#具体该怎么做呢" class="header-anchor">#</a> 具体该怎么做呢？</h2> <p>第一步，在需要验证的字段上加上 Hibernate Validator 提供的校验注解。</p> <p>比如说我现在有一个用户名和密码登录的请求参数 UsersLoginParam 类：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@Data
@ApiModel(value="用户登录", description="用户表")
public class UsersLoginParam implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "登录名")
@NotBlank(message="登录名不能为空")
private String userLogin;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "密码")
@NotBlank(message="密码不能为空")
private String userPass;
}
</code></pre></div><p>就可以通过 @NotBlank 注解来对用户名和密码进行判空校验。除了 @NotBlank 注解，Hibernate Validator 还提供了以下常用注解：</p> <ol><li>@NotNull：被注解的字段不能为 null；</li> <li>@NotEmpty：被注解的字段不能为空；</li> <li>@Min：被注解的字段必须大于等于其value值；</li> <li>@Max：被注解的字段必须小于等于其value值；</li> <li>@Size：被注解的字段必须在其min和max值之间；</li> <li>@Pattern：被注解的字段必须符合所定义的正则表达式；</li> <li>@Email：被注解的字段必须符合邮箱格式。</li></ol> <p>第二步，在对应的请求接口（UsersController.login()）中添加 @Validated 注解，并注入一个 BindingResult 参数。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@Controller
@Api(tags="用户")
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UsersController {
@Autowired
private IUsersService usersService;
@ApiOperation(value = "登录以后返回token")
@RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public ResultObject login(@Validated UsersLoginParam users, BindingResult result) {
String token = usersService.login(users.getUserLogin(), users.getUserPass());
if (token == null) {
return ResultObject.validateFailed("用户名或密码错误");
}
Map<String, String> tokenMap = new HashMap<>();
tokenMap.put("token", token);
tokenMap.put("tokenHead", tokenHead);
return ResultObject.success(tokenMap);
}
}
</code></pre></div><p>第三步，为控制层（UsersController）创建一个切面，将通知注入到 BindingResult 对象中，然后再判断是否有校验错误，有错误的话返回校验提示信息，否则放行。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@Aspect
@Component
@Order(2)
public class BindingResultAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(public * com.codingmore.controller.*.*(..))")
public void BindingResult() {
}
@Around("BindingResult()")
public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
for (Object arg : args) {
if (arg instanceof BindingResult) {
BindingResult result = (BindingResult) arg;
if (result.hasErrors()) {
FieldError fieldError = result.getFieldError();
if(fieldError!=null){
return ResultObject.validateFailed(fieldError.getDefaultMessage());
}else{
return ResultObject.validateFailed();
}
}
}
}
return joinPoint.proceed();
}
}
</code></pre></div><p>可以看得出，Hibernate Validator 带来的优势有这些：</p> <ol><li>验证逻辑与业务逻辑进行了分离，降低了程序耦合度；</li> <li>统一且规范的验证方式，无需再次编写重复的验证代码。</li></ol> <p>不过，也带来一些弊端，比如说：</p> <ol><li>需要在请求接口的方法中注入 BindingResult 对象，而这个对应在方法体中并没有用到</li> <li>只能校验一些非常简单的逻辑，涉及到数据查询就无能为力了。</li></ol> <p>二、全局异常处理</p> <p>使用全局异常处理的优点就是比较灵活，可以处理比较复杂的逻辑校验，在校验失败的时候直接抛出异常，然后进行捕获处理就可以了。</p> <p>第一步，新建一个自定义异常类 ApiException。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>public class ApiException extends RuntimeException {
private IErrorCode errorCode;
public ApiException(IErrorCode errorCode) {
super(errorCode.getMessage());
this.errorCode = errorCode;
}
public ApiException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public ApiException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
}
public ApiException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
public IErrorCode getErrorCode() {
return errorCode;
}
}
</code></pre></div><p>第二步，新建一个断言处理类 Asserts，简化抛出 ApiException 的步骤。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>public class Asserts {
public static void fail(String message) {
throw new ApiException(message);
}
public static void fail(IErrorCode errorCode) {
throw new ApiException(errorCode);
}
}
</code></pre></div><p>第三步，新建一全局异常处理类 GlobalExceptionHandler，对异常信息进行解析，并封装到统一的返回对象 ResultObject 中。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(value = ApiException.class)
public ResultObject handle(ApiException e) {
if (e.getErrorCode() != null) {
return ResultObject.failed(e.getErrorCode());
}
return ResultObject.failed(e.getMessage());
}
}
</code></pre></div><p>全局异常处理类用到了两个注解，@ControllerAdvice 和 @ExceptionHandler。</p> <p>@ControllerAdvice 是一个特殊的 @Component（可以通过源码看得到），用于标识一个类，这个类中被以下三种注解标识的方法：@ExceptionHandler，@InitBinder，@ModelAttribute，将作用于所有@Controller 类的接口上。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface ControllerAdvice {
}
</code></pre></div><p>@ExceptionHandler 注解的作用就是标识统一异常处理，它可以指定要统一处理的异常类型，比如说我们自定义的 ApiException。</p> <p>第四步，在需要校验的地方通过 Asserts 类抛出异常 ApiException。还拿用户登录这个接口来说明吧。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@Controller
@Api(tags="用户")
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UsersController {
@ApiOperation(value = "登录以后返回token")
@RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public ResultObject login(@Validated UsersLoginParam users, BindingResult result) {
String token = usersService.login(users.getUserLogin(), users.getUserPass());
Map<String, String> tokenMap = new HashMap<>();
tokenMap.put("token", token);
tokenMap.put("tokenHead", tokenHead);
return ResultObject.success(tokenMap);
}
}
</code></pre></div><p>该接口需要查询数据库验证密码是否正确，如果密码不正确就抛出校验信息“密码不正确”。</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>@Service
public class UsersServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UsersMapper, Users> implements IUsersService {
public String login(String username, String password) {
String token = null;
//密码需要客户端加密后传递
UserDetails userDetails = loadUserByUsername(username);
if (!passwordEncoder.matches(password, userDetails.getPassword())) {
Asserts.fail("密码不正确");
}
// 其他代码省略
return token;
}
}
</code></pre></div><div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>config
controller
dto
mapper
model
service impl
webapi
</code></pre></div></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/java-up/mybatis.html" class="prev">
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