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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<head>
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<title>jvm线程 | Jeskson-微服务分布式</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Jeskson文档-架构师">
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href="/JavaPlusDoc/aJava/cookie-session-token.html" class="sidebar-link">Cookie/Session/Token</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <div class="password-shadow password-wrapper-in" style="display:none;" data-v-59e6cb88 data-v-7dd95ae2><h3 class="title" data-v-59e6cb88>jvm线程</h3> <!----> <label id="box" class="inputBox" data-v-59e6cb88><input type="password" value="" data-v-59e6cb88> <span data-v-59e6cb88>Konck! 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2025
</a></span></div></div> <div data-v-7dd95ae2><div data-v-7dd95ae2><main class="page"><section style="display:;"><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">jvm线程</h1> <div data-v-8a445198><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>哪吒</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>2023/6/15</span></i> <!----> <!----></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><h1 id="jvm线程"><a href="#jvm线程" class="header-anchor">#</a> jvm线程</h1> <p>JVM线程是Java并发编程的基础，理解JVM线程的实现原理对于编写高性能、线程安全的Java应用程序至关重要。本文将深入探讨JVM线程的底层实现机制、线程模型、状态管理和调度策略。</p> <h2 id="_1-jvm线程模型概述"><a href="#_1-jvm线程模型概述" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. JVM线程模型概述</h2> <h3 id="_1-1-线程的定义与重要性"><a href="#_1-1-线程的定义与重要性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.1 线程的定义与重要性</h3> <p>在JVM中，线程是程序执行的最小单位，每个线程都有自己的程序计数器、虚拟机栈和本地方法栈，但共享堆内存和方法区。</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadBasicDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 主线程信息</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> mainThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"主线程名称: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> mainThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"主线程ID: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> mainThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"主线程状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> mainThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"主线程优先级: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> mainThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 创建新线程</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> workerThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"工作线程: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"工作线程ID: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"WorkerThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
workerThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
workerThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 等待工作线程完成</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_1-2-jvm线程与操作系统线程的关系"><a href="#_1-2-jvm线程与操作系统线程的关系" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2 JVM线程与操作系统线程的关系</h3> <p>JVM线程的实现依赖于底层操作系统的线程模型：</p> <ol><li><strong>一对一模型（1:1）</strong>：每个Java线程对应一个操作系统线程</li> <li><strong>多对一模型（N:1）</strong>：多个Java线程映射到一个操作系统线程</li> <li><strong>多对多模型（M:N）</strong>：多个Java线程映射到多个操作系统线程</li></ol> <p>现代JVM主要采用一对一模型，这样可以充分利用多核处理器的优势。</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lang<span class="token punctuation">.</span>management<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">ManagementFactory</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>lang<span class="token punctuation">.</span>management<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">ThreadMXBean</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadModelDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">ThreadMXBean</span> threadMXBean <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">ManagementFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getThreadMXBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"当前JVM中的线程数: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadMXBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getThreadCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"峰值线程数: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadMXBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPeakThreadCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"守护线程数: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadMXBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getDaemonThreadCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 获取所有线程信息</span>
<span class="token keyword">long</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> threadIds <span class="token operator">=</span> threadMXBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAllThreadIds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">long</span> threadId <span class="token operator">:</span> threadIds<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程ID: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadId <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", 线程名: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
threadMXBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getThreadInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>threadId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getThreadName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="_2-线程的内存模型"><a href="#_2-线程的内存模型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. 线程的内存模型</h2> <h3 id="_2-1-线程私有内存区域"><a href="#_2-1-线程私有内存区域" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.1 线程私有内存区域</h3> <p>每个线程都有自己的私有内存区域：</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadMemoryDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 实例变量 - 存储在堆中，线程共享</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> sharedVariable <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">demonstrateThreadMemory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 局部变量 - 存储在线程私有的虚拟机栈中</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> localVariable <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> thread1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 每个线程都有自己的局部变量副本</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> threadLocal <span class="token operator">=</span> localVariable <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Thread1 - threadLocal: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadLocal<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 但共享实例变量</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
sharedVariable<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Thread1 - sharedVariable: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sharedVariable<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> thread2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> threadLocal <span class="token operator">=</span> localVariable <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Thread2 - threadLocal: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadLocal<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
sharedVariable<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Thread2 - sharedVariable: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> sharedVariable<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
thread1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
thread2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
thread1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
thread2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadMemoryDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">demonstrateThreadMemory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-2-程序计数器-pc-register"><a href="#_2-2-程序计数器-pc-register" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.2 程序计数器（PC Register）</h3> <p>程序计数器是线程私有的内存区域，用于存储当前线程正在执行的字节码指令的地址。</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">PCRegisterDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Runnable</span> task <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">" - 执行第 "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" 次循环"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 每个线程都有自己的程序计数器</span>
<span class="token comment">// 记录当前执行到哪一条字节码指令</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> thread1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>task<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Thread-1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> thread2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>task<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Thread-2"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
thread1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
thread2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-3-虚拟机栈-jvm-stack"><a href="#_2-3-虚拟机栈-jvm-stack" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.3 虚拟机栈（JVM Stack）</h3> <p>虚拟机栈是线程私有的，用于存储局部变量、操作数栈、动态链接和方法返回地址。</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">JVMStackDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">JVMStackDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">demonstrateStack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">demonstrateStack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 每个方法调用都会在虚拟机栈中创建一个栈帧</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> localVar <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 局部变量存储在栈帧中</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"方法开始执行，局部变量: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> localVar<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 递归调用会在栈中创建多个栈帧</span>
<span class="token function">recursiveMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"方法执行结束"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">recursiveMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> depth<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>depth <span class="token operator"><=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 每次递归调用都会创建新的栈帧</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> currentDepth <span class="token operator">=</span> depth<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"递归深度: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> currentDepth <span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token string">", 线程: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">recursiveMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>depth <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="_3-线程状态与生命周期"><a href="#_3-线程状态与生命周期" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3. 线程状态与生命周期</h2> <h3 id="_3-1-java线程状态"><a href="#_3-1-java线程状态" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.1 Java线程状态</h3> <p>Java线程有六种状态，定义在Thread.State枚举中：</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>concurrent<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadStateDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. NEW状态 - 线程创建但未启动</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> newThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"NewThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"创建后的状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// NEW</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. RUNNABLE状态 - 线程正在运行或准备运行</span>
newThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"启动后的状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// RUNNABLE</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. TIMED_WAITING状态 - 线程等待指定时间</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"睡眠中的状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// TIMED_WAITING</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4. WAITING状态演示</span>
<span class="token class-name">Object</span> lock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> waitingThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>lock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
lock<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">wait</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 进入WAITING状态</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"WaitingThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
waitingThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"等待中的状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> waitingThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// WAITING</span>
<span class="token comment">// 5. BLOCKED状态演示</span>
<span class="token class-name">Object</span> blockLock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> blockingThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blockLock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"BlockingThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> blockedThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>blockLock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 尝试获取已被占用的锁</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"获得锁"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"BlockedThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blockingThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blockedThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"阻塞中的状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> blockedThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// BLOCKED</span>
<span class="token comment">// 唤醒等待线程</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>lock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
lock<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">notify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 等待所有线程结束</span>
newThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
waitingThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blockingThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
blockedThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 6. TERMINATED状态 - 线程执行完毕</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"结束后的状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> newThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// TERMINATED</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_3-2-线程状态转换图"><a href="#_3-2-线程状态转换图" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.2 线程状态转换图</h3> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadStateTransitionDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"=== 线程状态转换演示 ==="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 创建状态监控线程</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> monitorThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> targetThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isInterrupted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"当前状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> targetThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 创建被监控的线程</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> targetThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程开始执行"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// RUNNABLE -> TIMED_WAITING</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// TIMED_WAITING -> RUNNABLE</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"睡眠结束，继续执行"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 同步块演示</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ThreadStateTransitionDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程执行完毕"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程被中断"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"TargetThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 启动监控</span>
monitorThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"目标线程创建后状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> targetThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
targetThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
targetThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"目标线程结束后状态: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> targetThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
monitorThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="_4-线程调度机制"><a href="#_4-线程调度机制" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4. 线程调度机制</h2> <h3 id="_4-1-线程优先级"><a href="#_4-1-线程优先级" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.1 线程优先级</h3> <p>JVM使用线程优先级来影响线程调度，但具体的调度策略依赖于操作系统。</p> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadPriorityDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"=== 线程优先级演示 ==="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 创建不同优先级的线程</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> lowPriorityThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"低优先级线程: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"LowPriorityThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> normalPriorityThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通优先级线程: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"NormalPriorityThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> highPriorityThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"高优先级线程: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"HighPriorityThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 设置优先级</span>
lowPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">MIN_PRIORITY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span>
normalPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NORM_PRIORITY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5</span>
highPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">MAX_PRIORITY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 10</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"低优先级: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> lowPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"普通优先级: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> normalPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"高优先级: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> highPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPriority</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 启动线程</span>
lowPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
normalPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
highPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
lowPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
normalPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
highPriorityThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_4-2-线程调度策略"><a href="#_4-2-线程调度策略" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.2 线程调度策略</h3> <div class="language-java extra-class"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>concurrent<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">Executors</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>concurrent<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">ScheduledExecutorService</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token import"><span class="token namespace">java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>concurrent<span class="token punctuation">.</span></span><span class="token class-name">TimeUnit</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ThreadSchedulingDemo</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"=== 线程调度策略演示 ==="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1. 抢占式调度演示</span>
<span class="token function">demonstratePreemptiveScheduling</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 2. 时间片轮转演示</span>
<span class="token function">demonstrateTimeSlicing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 3. 协作式调度演示</span>
<span class="token function">demonstrateCooperativeScheduling</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 抢占式调度</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">demonstratePreemptiveScheduling</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\n--- 抢占式调度 ---"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> cpuIntensiveThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">long</span> startTime <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentTimeMillis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentTimeMillis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> startTime <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// CPU密集型任务</span>
<span class="token class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Math</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CPU密集型线程完成"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"CPUIntensiveThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> ioThread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"IO线程执行: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sleep</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 模拟IO操作</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"IOThread"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cpuIntensiveThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ioThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
cpuIntensiveThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ioThread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 时间片轮转</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">demonstrateTimeSlicing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\n--- 时间片轮转 ---"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">final</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> threadId <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> thread <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> j <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> j<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> threadId <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" - 执行"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> j<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 主动让出CPU，模拟时间片结束</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">yield</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Thread-"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 协作式调度</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">demonstrateCooperativeScheduling</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\n--- 协作式调度 ---"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Object</span> lock <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> producer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>lock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"生产者生产: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lock<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">notify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 通知消费者</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> lock<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">wait</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 等待消费者</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Producer"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span> consumer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>lock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
lock<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">wait</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 等待生产者</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"消费者消费: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
lock<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">notify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 通知生产者</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Consumer"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
producer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
consumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
producer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
consumer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InterruptedException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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jvm线程通信原理
</a></span></p></div> <div class="comments-wrapper"><!----></div></main></div> <!----></div> <ul class="sub-sidebar sub-sidebar-wrapper" style="width:12rem;" data-v-b57cc07c data-v-7dd95ae2><li class="level-2" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_1-jvm线程模型概述" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_1-jvm线程模型概述" data-v-b57cc07c>1. JVM线程模型概述</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_1-1-线程的定义与重要性" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_1-1-线程的定义与重要性" data-v-b57cc07c>1.1 线程的定义与重要性</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_1-2-jvm线程与操作系统线程的关系" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_1-2-jvm线程与操作系统线程的关系" data-v-b57cc07c>1.2 JVM线程与操作系统线程的关系</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_2-线程的内存模型" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_2-线程的内存模型" data-v-b57cc07c>2. 线程的内存模型</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_2-1-线程私有内存区域" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_2-1-线程私有内存区域" data-v-b57cc07c>2.1 线程私有内存区域</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_2-2-程序计数器-pc-register" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_2-2-程序计数器-pc-register" data-v-b57cc07c>2.2 程序计数器（PC Register）</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_2-3-虚拟机栈-jvm-stack" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_2-3-虚拟机栈-jvm-stack" data-v-b57cc07c>2.3 虚拟机栈（JVM Stack）</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_3-线程状态与生命周期" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_3-线程状态与生命周期" data-v-b57cc07c>3. 线程状态与生命周期</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_3-1-java线程状态" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_3-1-java线程状态" data-v-b57cc07c>3.1 Java线程状态</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_3-2-线程状态转换图" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_3-2-线程状态转换图" data-v-b57cc07c>3.2 线程状态转换图</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_4-线程调度机制" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_4-线程调度机制" data-v-b57cc07c>4. 线程调度机制</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_4-1-线程优先级" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_4-1-线程优先级" data-v-b57cc07c>4.1 线程优先级</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-b57cc07c><a href="/JavaPlusDoc/aThread/jvmThread.html#_4-2-线程调度策略" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_4-2-线程调度策略" data-v-b57cc07c>4.2 线程调度策略</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="global-ui"><div class="back-to-ceiling" style="right:1rem;bottom:6rem;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border-radius:.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;display:none;" data-v-c6073ba8 data-v-c6073ba8><svg t="1574745035067" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5404" class="icon" data-v-c6073ba8><path d="M526.60727968 10.90185116a27.675 27.675 0 0 0-29.21455937 0c-131.36607665 82.28402758-218.69155461 228.01873535-218.69155402 394.07834331a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959153 69.94390903c1.00431239 6.55289093-0.34802892 13.13561351-3.76865779 18.80351572-32.63518765 54.11355614-51.75690182 118.55860487-51.7569018 187.94566865a371.06718723 371.06718723 0 0 0 11.50484808 91.98906777c6.53300375 25.50556257 41.68394495 28.14064038 52.69160883 4.22606766 17.37162448-37.73630017 42.14135425-72.50938081 72.80769204-103.21549295 2.18761121 3.04276886 4.15646224 6.24463696 6.40373557 9.22774369a1871.4375 1871.4375 0 0 0 140.04691725 5.34970492 1866.36093723 1866.36093723 0 0 0 140.04691723-5.34970492c2.24727335-2.98310674 4.21612437-6.18497483 6.3937923-9.2178004 30.66633723 30.70611158 55.4360664 65.4791928 72.80769147 103.21549355 11.00766384 23.91457269 46.15860503 21.27949489 52.69160879-4.22606768a371.15156223 371.15156223 0 0 0 11.514792-91.99901164c0-69.36717486-19.13165746-133.82216804-51.75690182-187.92578088-3.42062944-5.66790279-4.76302748-12.26056868-3.76865837-18.80351632a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959269-69.943909c-0.00994388-166.08943902-87.32547796-311.81420293-218.6915546-394.09823051zM605.93803103 357.87693858a93.93749974 93.93749974 0 1 1-187.89594924 6.1e-7 93.93749974 93.93749974 0 0 1 187.89594924-6.1e-7z" p-id="5405" data-v-c6073ba8></path><path d="M429.50777625 765.63860547C429.50777625 803.39355007 466.44236686 1000.39046097 512.00932183 1000.39046097c45.56695499 0 82.4922232-197.00623328 82.5015456-234.7518555 0-37.75494459-36.9345906-68.35043303-82.4922232-68.34111062-45.57627738-0.00932239-82.52019037 30.59548842-82.51086798 68.34111062z" p-id="5406" data-v-c6073ba8></path></svg></div><!----><div></div><div class="kanbanniang" data-v-5775ee02><div class="banniang-container" style="display:;" data-v-5775ee02><div class="messageBox" style="right:68px;bottom:190px;display:none;" data-v-5775ee02>
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