@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { createServer, resolveConfig } from '..'
 import type { ViteDevServer } from '..'
 import { promiseWithResolvers } from '../../shared/utils'
 import { createLogger } from '../logger'
+import { _createServer } from '../server'
 import { DevEnvironment } from '../server/environment'
 import { normalizePath } from '../utils'
 
@@ -32,6 +33,37 @@ describe('the dev server', () => {
     await server?.close()
   })
 
+  test('releases previous environments after initialization', async () => {
+    const previousServer = await createServer({
+      configFile: false,
+      root: import.meta.dirname,
+      optimizeDeps: { noDiscovery: true },
+      server: { middlewareMode: true, ws: false },
+    })
+    const options = {
+      listen: false,
+      previousEnvironments: previousServer.environments,
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const config = await resolveConfig(
+        {
+          configFile: false,
+          root: import.meta.dirname,
+          optimizeDeps: { noDiscovery: true },
+          server: { middlewareMode: true, ws: false },
+        },
+        'serve',
+      )
+      const nextServer = await _createServer(config, options)
+
+      expect(options.previousEnvironments).toBeUndefined()
+      await nextServer.close()
+    } finally {
+      await previousServer.close()
+    }
+  })
+
   test('resolves each environment input as a safe module', async () => {
     const root = path.join(import.meta.dirname, 'fixtures', 'input-option')
     const clientEntry = normalizePath(path.join(root, 'client-entry.js'))
 
@@ -625,6 +625,10 @@ export async function _createServer(
     ),
   )
 
+  // Release previous environments after initialization to prevent memory leaks
+  // from retaining old server graphs across restarts.
+  options.previousEnvironments = undefined
+
   // Backward compatibility
 
   let moduleGraph = new ModuleGraph({
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -625,6 +625,10 @@ export async function _createServer(`
`625`	`625`	`),`
`626`	`626`	`)`
`627`	`627`
	`628`	`+ // Release previous environments after initialization to prevent memory leaks`
	`629`	`+ // from retaining old server graphs across restarts.`
	`630`	`+ options.previousEnvironments = undefined`
	`631`	`+`
`628`	`632`	`// Backward compatibility`
`629`	`633`
`630`	`634`	`let moduleGraph = new ModuleGraph({`