Minimal, dependency-free database wire-protocol clients used as a fallback for sqlmap's direct (-d) connection mode.

sqlmap's -d mode talks to a database server directly instead of through an injection point. It normally does so via a native driver (psycopg2, pymysql, pymssql, ...) or, if one is missing, via SQLAlchemy. When neither is installed, dbwire provides a small pure-python client so that -d still works out of the box.

Every module here is written against the database's wire protocol using only the Python standard library (socket, struct, hashlib, hmac, base64, urllib). There are no third-party dependencies, and the sources run unmodified on Python 2.7 and Python 3.

A wire protocol is shared across a whole family of products, so one client serves several engines:

The mapping from a DBMS to its module lives in lib/core/dicts.py (DBWIRE_MODULES). The connector tier order is: native driver, then SQLAlchemy, then dbwire.

Each module exposes a small PEP 249 (DB-API 2.0) subset:

• connect(host, port, user, password, database, connect_timeout, ...) -> Connection
• Connection.cursor(), .commit(), .rollback(), .close()
• Cursor.execute(query), .fetchall(), .fetchone(), .close(), .description, .rowcount
• the shared exception hierarchy in __init__.py (Error -> InterfaceError / DatabaseError -> OperationalError / DataError / IntegrityError / ProgrammingError / InternalError / NotSupportedError)

It is deliberately read-oriented for sqlmap's use: execute() takes a fully-formed query string (no parameter binding), statements auto-commit, and binary column values are returned as bytes so that sqlmap renders them as hex.

This is a fallback for -d, not a general-purpose driver. It intentionally does not implement parameter binding, prepared statements, bulk load/COPY, or TLS. Notable per-protocol notes:

• PostgreSQL - trust, cleartext, MD5 and SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication.
• MySQL - mysql_native_password and the caching_sha2_password fast path. Full caching_sha2_password authentication over a plaintext connection requires RSA/TLS and is not supported; use a mysql_native_password account for the dependency-free path.
• TDS - cleartext login only. Servers that force encryption (for example Azure SQL Database) require TLS and are not supported here; the native driver or SQLAlchemy tier covers those.
• Firebird - SRP-256 (and SRP) authentication with ChaCha20 or RC4 wire encryption, as required by default on Firebird 3 and later. Legacy (pre-SRP) authentication is not implemented.
• CUBRID - cleartext login over the CAS broker protocol. Large objects (BLOB/CLOB) are returned as their raw locator handles rather than fetched inline.

When a case is not supported, the client raises a clear NotSupportedError rather than returning wrong data, so -d cleanly falls through to another connector tier where possible.

Part of sqlmap. See the top-level LICENSE for copying permission.